State legislative elections, 2025

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2025 elections
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Two of the country's 99 state legislative chambers are holding regularly-scheduled elections in 2025. Elections in those two chambers represent 180 of the country's 7,386 state legislative seats (2.4%).

General elections in New Jersey and Virginia will take place on November 4, 2025.

Off-year elections in Virginia are often studied as a forecast of the broader political trends to expect from the following year's national elections.[1] The New York Times' Neil Vigdor wrote in December 2024, "In recent elections, Virginia has become a vessel for millions of dollars in spending by outside groups, and its open governor’s seat and divided legislature appears likely to continue that trend."[2]

States are also holding special state legislative elections in 2025 to fill vacant seats. Click here for more.


On this page you will find:

Partisan balance

See also: Partisan composition of state legislatures

As of March 16th, 2025, Republicans controlled 55.69% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 43.68%. Republicans held a majority in 58 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 39 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions.

Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats
Legislative chamber Democratic Party Republican Party Grey.png Other Vacant
State senates 836 1,127 3 7
State houses 2,390 2,986 19 18
Total: 3,226

4,113

22

25

Trifectas

See also: State government trifectas

State government trifecta is a term to describe single-party government, when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature.

As of March 16, 2025, there are 23 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 12 divided governments where neither party holds trifecta control.

Elections by state

The table below highlights each state holding legislative elections in 2025. To learn more about elections in a particular chamber, click the link in the chamber column.

State legislative elections, 2025
StateChamberRepublicanDemocraticOtherVacanciesTotal
New JerseyHouse28520080
VirginiaHouse495100100

What's on your ballot?

See also: Sample Ballot Lookup

Battleground chambers

As of December 16, 2024, Ballotpedia was tracking one state legislative battleground chamber in 2025.

The chart below shows the number of state legislative chambers that changed party control in each election from 1992 to 2024.

See also

Other elections

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Politico, "Virginia is the bellwether to watch next week," November 11, 2023
  2. ↑ New York Times, December 2, 2024
  3. ↑ NBC News, "Democrats unveil state legislative map for the next election cycle, with eyes on opposing Trump's agenda and redistricting," February 11, 2025
  4. ↑ The Washington Post, "Virginia Republicans snatched control of the state Senate, ended budget-Medicaid impasse," June 9, 2014
  5. ↑ 2015 and 2013 are not included because no chambers changed those years.
  6. ↑ The chamber first changed from Democratic to Republican control in a February 2011 special election. Republicans increased their majority to 24-15 in the 2011 elections.
  7. ↑ Fox News, "GOP Candidate Wins Lousiana [sic] Senate Special Election, Shifting Majority," February 20, 2011
  8. ↑ Chamber went from being controlled by a Democratic-led bipartisan coalition to being led by a coalition with power split between the parties.
  9. ↑ Chamber went from a Republican majority to a bipartisan governing coalition.
  10. ↑ The chamber changed partisan control prior to the 2011 elections due to Democrats switching to the Republican Party and special election wins by Republicans. Republicans increased their majority in the 2011 elections to 31-21.
  11. ↑ The Washington Post, "Southern Democrats in dire straits; 2011 looms large," January 11, 2011
  12. ↑ Chamber went from a Democratic majority to a 67-67 tie.
  13. ↑ In the 2011 elections, the chamber changed from a 22-18 Democratic advantage to a 20-20 tie. Republicans effectively controlled the chamber because Lieutenant Gov. Bill Bolling (R) could cast tie-breaking votes.
  14. ↑ Democrats won a majority of seats, but did not have a majority when the legislative session began due to vacancies created during the interim.
  15. ↑ This chamber did not hold elections in 2010. It switched partisan control in December 2010 when Democrat Noble Ellington changed his party affiliation to Republican. In the regularly-scheduled 2011 elections, Republicans increased their majority to 58-45.
  16. ↑ Nola.com, "Louisiana Republicans take first House majority since Reconstruction with latest party switch," December 17, 2010
  17. ↑ In this election, the Oregon House changed from a 30-30 tie to a 34-26 Democratic advantage.
  18. ↑ This chamber went from a 50-50 tie to a 68-32 Republican advantage in the 2010 elections.
  19. ↑ This chamber went from a 36-24 Democratic advantage to a 30-30 tie in the 2010 elections.
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