2025 ballot measures

2025 U.S. state ballot measures
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As of September 9, 2025, 30 statewide ballot measures were certified for the ballot in nine states in 2025.

From 2011 to 2023, the average number of statewide ballot measures in an odd-numbered year was between 33 and 34.

Timeline

See also: Ballotpedia's Tuesday Count for 2025

The timeline below provides updates on state ballot measure elections, certifications, and signature submission deadlines for 2025.

• August 21, 2025

  The California State Legislature referred Proposition 50 to the ballot for a special election on November 4, 2025. Proposition 50 would allow the state to use a new congressional district map for 2026 through 2030, provided that another state adopts a new map first.

• June 25, 2025

  The Maine State Legislature adjourned without voting on two indirect initiated state statutes. Therefore, the initiatives qualified to appear on the ballot on November 4, 2025. One ballot initiative would establish a process for obtaining an Extreme Risk Protection Order to restrict a person's access to firearms or certain other weapons. The other ballot initiative would require voters to present a photo ID to vote, among other changes.

• June 6, 2025

  The New York State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to permit the use of 323 acres within 1,039 acres of Forest Preserve land at the Mount Van Hoevenberg Olympic Sports Complex for international-standard Nordic skiing, biathlon trails, and related infrastructure, while requiring the state to acquire at least 2,500 acres of forest land for the Adirondack Park’s Forest Preserve.

• May 30, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to change the composition of the 13-member state Commission on Judicial Conduct, and the composition of the tribunal that reviews the commission's recommendations, and the process for sanctioning and removing judges.

• May 29, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to require courts to deny bail to individuals accused of certain violent or sexual felony offenses if the state demonstrates, by clear and convincing evidence, that releasing the person would pose a risk of wilful nonappearance in court or a threat to public safety.

• May 29, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to allocate the first $1 billion per fiscal year to the Texas Water Fund from sales tax revenue that exceeds $46.5 billion.

• May 28, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to create two special funds, the Permanent Technical Institution Infrastructure Fund and the Available Workforce Education Fund, outside the General Revenue Fund to finance capital projects for the Texas Technical College System.

• May 25, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to allow the legislature to exempt a home's market value, entirely or in part, from property taxes for the surviving spouse of a veteran who died from a service-related illness.

• May 24, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to allow the legislature to provide a temporary homestead exemption for improvements made to residences destroyed by fire.

• May 21, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to allow the legislature to exempt from property taxes any increase in a property's value—located in a U.S.–Mexico border county—resulting from the construction or installation of border security infrastructure. Legislative Republicans, except one, supported the amendment. Among Democrats, 58.5% voted for the proposal.

• May 20, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to provide that parents have the right "to exercise care, custody, and control of the parent’s child, including the right to make decisions concerning the child’s upbringing" and the responsibility "to nurture and protect the parent's child." In the Legislature, the amendment received unanimous support from Republicans. Among Democrats, 66.2% voted for the amendment, excluding absent or non-voting members.

• May 20, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred two constitutional amendments related to the homestead tax exemption to the ballot. One would increase the general exemption from $100,000 to $140,000 of a home's market value. The other amendment would raise the exemption for elderly or disabled homeowners from $10,000 to $60,000.

• May 19, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to exempt $125,000 of the market value of personal tangible property used for income production from taxes. In the Legislature, the amendment had support from most Republicans (94.9%) and Democrats (86.2%), excluding absent or non-voting members.

• May 12, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to provide that "persons who are not citizens of the United States" cannot vote in Texas. In the Legislature, the proposal received unanimous support from Republicans. Among Democrats, 57.5% voted for the amendment, excluding absent or non-voting members.

• May 12, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to establish the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, along with the Dementia Prevention and Research Fund. In the Legislature, the proposal received unanimous support from Democrats. Among Republicans, 79.8% voted for the amendment.

• May 12, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment prohibiting the legislature from imposing a state tax on a deceased person’s estate due to their death, and from imposing taxes on the transfer of estates, inheritances, and similar assets. The proposal received unanimous support from Republicans and divided Democrats 50/50 between the two chambers, excluding absent or non-voting members.

• May 9, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment authorizing the legislature to pass a property tax exemption on animal feed held by the property owner for retail sale. In the Legislature, the amendment had support from most Republicans (99.1%) and Democrats (84.4%), excluding absent or non-voting members.

• May 7, 2025

  The Colorado State Legislature referred two measures to the ballot that address the Healthy School Meals for All Program (HSMA). The first measure would allow the state to retain and spend additional revenue on the program. The second one would reduce state income tax deduction limits for taxpayers earning $300,000 or more to generate an estimated $95 million each year for the HSMA Program. In the Legislature, Democrats supported the measures, while Republicans, except for one Senate Republican, opposed them.

• May 6, 2025

  In Ohio, voters approved Issue 2, which authorized the state to issue up to $2.5 billion in general obligation bonds, limited to $250 million per year over 10 years, to assist local governments in funding public infrastructure improvement projects.

• May 5, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to the ballot that would prohibit the state legislature from enacting a tax on realized or unrealized capital gains of an individual, family, estate, or trust. In the Legislature, 100.0% of Republicans and 40.7% of Democrats supported the proposal.

• April 29, 2025

  The Texas State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to the ballot that would prohibit laws that impose an occupation tax on a registered securities market operator or a securities transaction tax. In the Legislature, 96.3% of Republicans and 54.5% of Democrats supported the proposal.

• April 11, 2025

  The Washington State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to the ballot that would allow the Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS) Trust Fund to be invested in stocks and equities, with earnings dedicated to funding long-term care services and supports for program beneficiaries. In the Legislature, 94% of Democrats and 61% of Republicans supported the proposal.

• April 1, 2025

  Voters in Wisconsin approved a constitutional amendment, Question 1, to add a photo identification requirement to the state constitution.

• March 29, 2025

  Voters in Louisiana rejected four constitutional amendments, with each receiving between 34% and 36% of the vote.

• January 23, 2025

  The signature deadline for indirect initiated state statutes in Maine was January 23. Signatures were filed for two ballot initiatives: Require Voter Photo Identification Initiative and Firearm Extreme Risk Protection Orders Initiative. Both were certified to the Maine State Legislature.

• January 14, 2025

  The Wisconsin State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to the ballot for April 1, 2025. The ballot measure amended the Wisconsin Constitution to require valid photo identification to vote. In the Senate and Assembly, Republicans voted for the amendment, and Democrats voted against the amendment.

• December 18, 2024

  The Ohio State Legislature referred a constitutional amendment to the ballot for May 6, 2025. The ballot measure authorized $2.5 billion in general obligation bonds for public infrastructure improvement projects.

• November 22, 2024

  The Louisiana State Legislature referred four constitutional amendments—Amendment 1, Amendment 2, Amendment 3, and Amendment 4—to the ballot for March 29, 2025.

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Trends in 2025

Types of ballot measures

From 2011 to 2023, an average of 33 statewide ballot measures — 5 initiated measures and 28 referred measures — appeared on ballots in odd-numbered years. An initiated measure is a proposed law that people collect signatures for to put on the ballot. A referred measure is a proposed law that a legislature or commission, or constitutional provision in the case of automatic referrals, puts on the ballot for voters to decide.

Type	2025	2023	2021	2019	2017	2015	2013	2011	Average (2011-2023)
Initiated ballot measures	2	7	4	2	4	5	3	12	5
Initiated constitutional amendments	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	4	1
Initiated state statutes	2	6	3	1	3	4	2	6	4
Veto referendums	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	0
Referred ballot measures	28	34	35	34	23	23	28	22	28
Legislative constitutional amendment	26	31	23	19	16	16	17	21	20
Legislative state statute	2	2	1	2	0	1	1	1	1
Commission-referred measure	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Automatically referred measure	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Bond issues	0	0	8	1	3	2	5	0	3
Advisory question	0	1	3	12	3	4	5	0	4
Total:	30	41	39	36	27	28	31	34	33

The following chart illustrates the numbers of initiated measures and referred measures for each odd-numbered year from 2001 to 2023. The year with the most initiated measures, at 19, was 2005. The year with the most referred measures, at 59, was 2003.