Results for voting-related and noncitizen voting ballot measures, 2024

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Ballot Measure Election Results, 2024
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On November 5, 2024, voters decided on 10 ballot measures related to voting policies. Eight to preempt noncitizen voting at the state and local levels were approved. These measures were on the ballot in Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Wisconsin.

In Connecticut, a ballot measure to authorize laws for no-excuse absentee voting was approved. In Nevada, voters approved an initiative to create a voter identification requirement. However, in Nevada, citizen-initiated constitutional amendments must be approved twice, so voters will decide on the question again in 2026.

This page provides election results for the voting-related ballot measures, as well as campaign finance and historical ballot measure context. Click on the links below to find the following:

• Summaries for measures to watch
• Results for Nov. 5, 2024
• Campaign finance for ballot measures
• Historical context

Watchlist

See also: Ballotpedia's Top 15 Ballot Measures and Trends to Watch, 2024

The following ballot measure trend is highlighted:

• Citizenship Requirement Amendments: Bans on noncitizen voting at the state level had become more frequent since 2018. In 2024, eight state legislatures referred constitutional amendments to the ballot to prohibit the state or local governments from allowing noncitizen voting. The eight states were Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Wisconsin. Voters approved each one. Jack Tomczak, Vice President of Americans for Citizen Voting, which supports the ballot measures, said, "We, and legislators who sponsor these, are getting ahead of fixing a problem that maybe has not reared its head as much in these states. It’s not like it’s happening everywhere and it must be stopped immediately. But preemption is not a bad thing." Jonathan Diaz, Director of Voting Advocacy for the Campaign Legal Center, said, "These proposed constitutional amendments are aimed really at two things: preventing local governments in those states from allowing non-U.S. citizens to vote in local elections, and advancing this false narrative that non-U.S. citizens are somehow participating in U.S. elections in large numbers, which is totally unsupported by any evidence or facts."

Results

See also: 2024 ballot measure election results

State

Citizenship requirement

The following table lists the eight ballot measures related to citizenship and voting, including their election results.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
IA	LRCA	Amendment 1	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote and allow 17-year-olds who will be 18 by the general election to vote in primary elections	a	1,150,332 (77%)	341,034 (23%)
ID	LRCA	HJR 5	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	572,865 (65%)	309,456 (35%)
KY	LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 1	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	1,208,898 (62%)	727,515 (38%)
MO	LRCA	Amendment 7	Prohibit ranked-choice voting (RCV) and the state local and governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	1,966,852 (68%)	906,851 (32%)
NC	LRCA	Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	4,184,680 (78%)	1,208,865 (22%)
OK	LRCA	State Question 834	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	1,207,520 (81%)	288,267 (19%)
SC	LRCA	Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	1,982,956 (86%)	324,432 (14%)
WI	LRCA	Citizenship Voting Requirement Amendment	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	2,272,446 (71%)	950,445 (29%)

Voter ID

The following table lists the one ballot measure to require voter identification and its election results.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
NV	CICA	Question 7	Require voters to present photo identification when voting in person or to provide the last four digits of their driver’s license or Social Security number when voting by mail	a	1,031,153 (73%)	376,873 (27%)

Absentee voting

The following table lists the one ballot measure on no-excuse absentee voting and its election results.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
CT	LRCA	No-Excuse Absentee Voting Amendment	Authorize the Connecticut State Legislature to pass a law for no-excuse absentee voting	a	843,153 (58%)	610,694 (42%)

Local

The following table lists two local ballot measures related to who can vote, including their election results.

Jurisdiction	State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
Albany	CA	Referral	Measure V	Allow 16- and 17-year olds to vote in municipal and school board elections, contingent on officials determining that's feasible for the Alameda County Registrar of Voters	a	5,619 (64%)	3,148 (36%)
Santa Ana	CA	Referral	Measure DD	Allow non-citizen residents of Santa Ana to vote in municipal elections		30,799 (41%)	44,378 (59%)

Campaign finance

See also: Ballot measure campaign finance, 2024

The following table lists the statewide ballot measures, support and opposition contributions for each measure, and the post-election outcome of each measure.

Ballot Measure	Support Contributions	Oppose Contributions	Outcome
Connecticut No-Excuse Absentee Voting Amendment (2024)	$790,644.01	$0.00
Idaho HJR 5, Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Iowa Amendment 1, Require Citizenship to Vote in Elections and Allow 17-Year-Olds to Vote in Primaries Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 1, Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Missouri Amendment 7, Require Citizenship to Vote and Prohibit Ranked-Choice Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$1,651.57
Nevada Question 7, Require Voter Identification Initiative (2024)	$1,864,518.75	$60,000.00
North Carolina Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Oklahoma State Question 834, Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
South Carolina Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Wisconsin Citizenship Voting Requirement Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00

Historical context

Bans on noncitizen voting at the state level have become more frequent since 2018. Voters in six states—Alabama, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, North Dakota, and Ohio—approved ballot measures banning noncitizen voting from 2018 to 2022. The following table provides a list of these ballot measures and their election results:

State	Year	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LA	2022	LRCA	Amendment 1	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	314,678 (73%)	113,808 (27%)
OH	2022	LRCA	Issue 2	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	3,099,868 (77%)	931,205 (23%)
AL	2020	LRCA	Amendment 1	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	1,535,862 (77%)	458,487 (23%)
CO	2020	CICA	Amendment 76	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	1,985,239 (63%)	1,171,137 (37%)
FL	2020	CICA	Amendment 1	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	8,307,109 (79%)	2,169,684 (21%)
ND	2018	CICA	Measure 2	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	208,499 (66%)	107,751 (34%)

In 1996, Congress passed legislation making noncitizen voting in federal elections a crime. However, depending on the state, some local governments can authorize non-citizens to vote in municipal or school board elections. As of 2024, municipalities in California, Maryland, and Vermont, along with Washington, D.C., allowed noncitizens to vote in some local elections. You can view a list of jurisdictions here.The following is a selection of local ballot measures designed to allow non-citizens to vote in at least some local elections:

Jurisdiction	State	Year	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
Burlington	VT	2023	Referral	Question 4	Allow noncitizens who are legal residents to vote in municipal and school board elections	a	7,143 (68%)	3,366 (32%)
Oakland	CA	2022	Referral	Measure S	Allow noncitizen residents who are are legal guardians of children in the Oakland Unified School District to vote in school board elections	a	83,637 (67%)	41,985 (33%)
Multnomah	OR	2022	Referral	Measure 26-231	Allow noncitizen residents to vote in county elections		164,781 (47%)	183,661 (53%)
San Francisco	CA	2016	Referral	Proposition N	Allow noncitizen residents who are are legal guardians of children in the San Francisco Unified School District to vote in school board elections	a	203,413 (54%)	170,570 (46%)

See also

• 2024 ballot measure election results
• 2024 ballot measures
• Local ballot measure elections in 2024