Roy Blunt

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Roy Blunt
Image of Roy Blunt

Republican Party

Prior offices
U.S. House Missouri District 7
Successor: Billy Long
U.S. Senate Missouri
Successor: Eric Schmitt

Compensation

Net worth

(2012) $3,460,010.50

Education

Bachelor's

Southwest Baptist University

Graduate

Missouri State University

Personal
Religion
Christian: Baptist
Profession
College administrator
Contact

Personal LinkedIn

Roy Blunt (Republican Party) was a member of the U.S. Senate from Missouri. He assumed office on January 3, 2011. He left office on January 3, 2023.

Blunt (Republican Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent Missouri. He won in the general election on November 8, 2016.

Blunt was first elected to the Senate in 2010, having won the election by a margin of 13.6 percentage points.[1]

Blunt won re-election in 2016 by a margin of 2.8 percentage points. He faced Jason Kander (D), Jonathan Dine (L), Fred Ryman (Constitution Party), and write-in candidates Gina Bufe and Patrick Lee in the general election on November 8, 2016, in what was rated a a battleground race.

On March 8, 2021, Blunt announced he would not seek election to a third term in 2022.[2]

Blunt began his political career as a county official in Missouri before being elected Missouri's Secretary of State in 1984. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1996 to 2008.[3]

As of a 2014 analysis of multiple outside rankings, Blunt is a more moderate right of center Republican Party vote. As a result, he may break with the Republican Party line more than his fellow members.

Biography

Email editor@ballotpedia.org to notify us of updates to this biography.

Blunt earned a bachelor of arts degree in history from Southwest Baptist University in 1970. Two years later, he earned a master's degree in history from Missouri State University (then Southwest Missouri State University).[3]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Blunt's academic, professional, and political career:[3][4]

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

2021-2022

Blunt was assigned to the following committees:

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Blunt was assigned to the following committees:[5]

2015-2016

Blunt served on the following committees:[6]

2013-2014

Blunt served on the following Senate committees:[7]

  • Committee on Appropriations
    • Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
    • Subcommittee on Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Department of Defense
    • Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
  • Committee on Armed Services
    • Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support
    • Subcommittee on Personnel
    • Subcommittee on Airland
  • Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
    • Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
    • Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Insurance
    • Subcommittee on Competitiveness, Innovation, and Export Promotion
    • Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
    • Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
  • Committee on Rules and Administration

2011-2012

Blunt served on the following committees:[8]

  • Committee on Appropriations
    • Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies (Ranking Member)
    • Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
  • Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
    • Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
    • Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
    • Subcommittee on Competitiveness, Innovation, and Export Promotion (Ranking Member)
    • Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
  • Committee on Rules and Administration
  • Select Committee on Intelligence

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023
Vote Bill and description Status
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (69-30)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (50-49)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (51-50)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (88-11)
Not Voting Yes check.svg Passed (83-11)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (86-11)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (64-33)
Red x.svg Nay Red x.svg Failed (46-48)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (68-31)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (61-36)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (72-25)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (94-1)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (79-19)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (65-33)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (65-35)
Red x.svg Not guilty Red x.svg Not guilty (57-43)
Red x.svg Nay Red x.svg Failed (47-47)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (50-49)
Red x.svg Nay Red x.svg Failed (49-51)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (68-29)


Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

National security

Letter to Iran

On March 9, 2015, Senator Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) wrote a letter to Iran's leadership, warning them that signing a nuclear deal with the Obama administration without congressional approval constituted only an executive agreement. The letter also stated that "The next president could revoke such an executive agreement with the stroke of a pen and future Congresses could modify the terms of the agreement at any time." The letter was signed by 47 Republican members of the Senate. Blunt was one of the 47 who signed the letter. No Democrats signed it.[146]

Members of the Obama administration and of Congress reacted to the letter.[147] Vice President Joe Biden said of the letter, "In thirty-six years in the United States Senate, I cannot recall another instance in which senators wrote directly to advise another country — much less a longtime foreign adversary — that the president does not have the constitutional authority to reach a meaningful understanding with them."[148]

Reaction to events in Ferguson, Missouri

See also: Shooting in Ferguson, Missouri

On August 18, 2014, President Barack Obama asked U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder to visit Ferguson on behalf of the administration to help the investigations. Called on to join Holder for the trip to Ferguson were Missouri Senators Blunt and Claire McCaskill (D), both of whom expressed their pleasure in having Holder see the situation first hand and the department's assistance in the investigation already underway, although Blunt made clear his opposition to the idea of federal investigators taking over the case from state investigators, if it were to be proposed.[149]

Presidential preference

2012

See also: Endorsements by state officials of presidential candidates in the 2012 election

Roy Blunt endorsed Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election.[150]

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Blunt endorsed Donald Trump for the Republican primary in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[151]

See also: Endorsements for Donald Trump

Political positions

Drones filibuster

See also: Rand Paul filibuster of John Brennan's CIA Nomination in March 2013

On March 6, 2013, Senator Rand Paul (R) led a 13-hour filibuster of President Obama's CIA Director nominee, John Brennan. Paul started the filibuster in order to highlight his concerns about the administration's drone policies. In particular, Paul said he was concerned about whether a drone could be used to kill an American citizen within the United States border, without any due process involved. Paul and other civil liberties activists criticized President Obama for not offering a clear response to the question. A total of 14 senators joined Paul in the filibuster -- 13 Republicans and one Democrat.[152][153][154]

Blunt was one of 30 Republican senators who did not support the filibuster.[155][156][157]

The day after the filibuster, Attorney General Eric Holder sent a letter to Paul, responding to the filibuster. Holder wrote, "Does the president have the authority to use a weaponized drone to kill an American not engaged in combat on U.S. soil? The answer to that is no."[158]

Social issues

Blunt voted pro-life in the House and has a conservative record on most other social issues. He voted to ban partial-birth abortions and to restrict or criminalize transporting minors across state lines for the purpose of getting an abortion. He opposed federal funding for elective abortions in accordance with the Hyde Amendment.[159] He also voted in favor of the unsuccessful Federal Marriage Amendment, which sought to place a national ban on same-sex marriage and has voted against gay adoption. He received a 14 percent rating from the American Civil Liberties Union for his civil liberties voting record.[160]

Education

Blunt voted in favor of school prayer and supported the No Child Left Behind Act. He voted in favor of school vouchers within the District of Columbia but voted against broader legislation allowing states to use federal money to issue vouchers for private or religious schools.[161]

Guns

Blunt voted to prohibit lawsuits against gun manufacturers and dealers if the guns they manufacture or sell are later used in a crime. He has also voted to reduce the waiting period for purchasing a gun from 72 hours to 24 hours.[162]

Environment

Blunt opposed the federal cap and trade legislation and supports drilling for oil on the U.S. coastline.[163]

Business

Blunt supported banking industry-backed efforts to overhaul U.S. bankruptcy laws, requiring consumers who seek bankruptcy protection to repay more of their debts.[164]

Internet gambling

Blunt advocated federal prohibitions of online poker and the passage of H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.[165]

Elections

2022

See also: United States Senate election in Missouri, 2022

Roy Blunt did not file to run for re-election.

2016

See also: United States Senate election in Missouri, 2016

Ballotpedia rated the race for Missouri's U.S. Senate seat as a battleground, in part, because of the Democratic Party's effort to turn a state that leaned Republican into Democratic territory. However, incumbent Roy Blunt (R) won re-election, defeating Jason Kander (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Blunt also defeated Jonathan Dine (L), Fred Ryman (Constitution Party), Johnathan McFarland (G), and write-in candidates Gina Bufe and Patrick Lee.

Kander's strategy was to run as a political outsider and try to paint Blunt as a Washington insider. According to The Kansas City Star, “Kander labels Blunt the 'consummate Washington insider' and insists Blunt has lost touch with voters who sent him to the Capitol. Kander further contends that Blunt is far too cozy with lobbyists and is in fact married to one while three of his children are lobbyists.” In response, Blunt tried to tie Kander to "Hillary Clinton and President Barack Obama, both of whom are unpopular in the state.”[166]

Satellite groups also sought to influence the race by spending $44,961,510. In the last weeks of the race, the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee planned to spend $3.5 million to support Kander's bid to unseat Blunt. Republicans also spent money on the race to protect Blunt's seat and their majority in the Senate. The Senate Leadership Fund invested $2.5 million in Missouri in September.[167][168][169]

In his concession speech, Kander encouraged his supporters, especially his young supporters, to stay involved in politics despite the results. He said, "They need to know that I'm not OK with them stepping away, that this country is a place you've got to stay invested in. This generation is not going anywhere."[170]

In his victory speech, Blunt said, "What a great moment for our state." Blunt, who distanced himself from Trump during the campaign, was optimistic about Republican control of the presidency and Congress. He said, "A Republican president and a Republican Senate and a Republican House can do things to change this country and focus again on opportunity."[170]

U.S. Senate, Missouri General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRoy Blunt Incumbent 49.2% 1,378,458
     Democratic Jason Kander 46.4% 1,300,200
     Libertarian Jonathan Dine 2.4% 67,738
     Green Johnathan McFarland 1.1% 30,743
     Constitution Fred Ryman 0.9% 25,407
     N/A Write-in 0% 95
Total Votes 2,802,641
Source: Missouri Secretary of State


U.S. Senate, Missouri Democratic Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngJason Kander 69.9% 223,492
Cori Bush 13.3% 42,453
Chief Wana Dubie 9.5% 30,432
Robert Mack 7.3% 23,509
Total Votes 319,886
Source: Missouri Secretary of State


U.S. Senate, Missouri Republican Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngRoy Blunt 72.6% 481,444
Kristi Nichols 20.2% 134,025
Ryan Luethy 4.4% 29,328
Bernie Mowinski 2.8% 18,789
Total Votes 663,586
Source: Missouri Secretary of State

2010

On November 2, 2010, Blunt was elected to the United States Senate. He defeated Robin Carnahan (D), Jonathan Dine (Libertarian), Jerry Beck (Constitution) and numerous write-in candidates.[171]

United States Senate, Missouri General Election, 2010
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngRoy Blunt 54.2% 1,054,160
     Democratic Robin Carnahan 40.6% 789,736
     Libertarian Jonathan Dine 3% 58,663
     Constitution Jerry Beck 2.1% 41,309
     Write-in Dale M. Hoinoski 0% 14
     Write-in Frazier Glenn Miller, Jr. 0% 7
     Write-in Jeff Wirick 0% 4
     Write-in Charlie L. Bailey 0% 3
     Write-in Richie L. Wolfe 0% 2
     Write-in Mark S. Memoly 0% 1
Total Votes 1,943,899

Full history


Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Roy Blunt campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2016U.S. Senate, MissouriWon $14,914,518 N/A**
2010U.S. Senate (Missouri)Won $11,932,403 N/A**
2008U.S. House of Representatives (Missouri District 7)Won $2,580,060 N/A**
2006U.S House of Representatives (Missouri District 7)Won $3,162,484 N/A**
2004U.S House of Representatives (Missouri District 7)Won $2,681,746 N/A**
2002U.S House of Representatives (Missouri District 7)Won $1,940,045 N/A**
2000U.S House of Representatives (Missouri District 7)Won $1,758,469 N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Blunt's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $795,023 and $6,124,998. That averages to $3,460,010.50, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican senators in 2012 of $6,956,438.47. Blunt ranked as the 40th most wealthy senator in 2012.[179] Between 2004 and 2012, Blunt's calculated net worth[180] increased by an average of 147 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[181]

Roy Blunt Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2004$271,044
2012$3,460,010
Growth from 2004 to 2012:1,177%
Average annual growth:147%[182]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[183]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Blunt received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the securities and investment industry.

From 1995-2014, 20.27 percent of Blunt's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[184]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Roy Blunt Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $28,809,869
Total Spent $27,282,920
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Securities & Investment$1,517,580
Health Professionals$1,323,492
Retired$1,022,711
Insurance$995,016
Lawyers/Law Firms$981,929
% total in top industry5.27%
% total in top two industries9.86%
% total in top five industries20.27%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Blunt was a rank-and-file Republican as of July 2014. He received the same ranking in May 2013.[185]

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[186]

Blunt most often votes with:

Blunt least often votes with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Blunt missed 60 of 1,412 roll call votes from January 2011 to September 2015. This amounts to 4.2 percent, which is worse than the median of 1.6 percent among current senators as of September 2015.[187]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Blunt paid his congressional staff a total of $2,077,615 in 2011. He ranked 13th on the list of the lowest paid Republican senatorial staff salaries, and he ranked 17th overall of the lowest paid senatorial staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Missouri ranked 37th in average salary for senatorial staff. The average U.S. Senate congressional staff was paid $2,529,141.70 in fiscal year 2011.[188]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year, National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted, as compared to other members, in the previous year. More information about the analysis process can be found on the vote ratings page.

2013

Blunt ranked 42nd in the conservative rankings in 2013.[189]

2012

Blunt ranked 40th in the conservative rankings in 2012.[190]

2011

Blunt ranked 40th in the conservative rankings in 2011.[191]

Voting with party

July 2014

Roy Blunt voted with the Republican Party 88.0 percent of the time, which ranked 23rd among the 45 Senate Republican members as of July 2014.[192]

May 2013

Roy Blunt voted with the Republican Party 86.8 percent of the time, which ranked 32nd among the 45 Senate Republican members as of May 2013.[193]

External links

Personal

  • LinkedIn
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    Footnotes

    1. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed May 31, 2013
    2. ↑ Politico, "GOP Sen. Roy Blunt will not run for reelection," March 8, 2021
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 U.S. Senate, "Roy Blunt official biography," accessed May 31, 2013
    4. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Senator Roy Blunt's Biography," accessed June 25, 2013
    5. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 115th Congress," accessed January 19, 2017
    6. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 114th Congress," accessed February 17, 2015
    7. ↑ Congressional Quarterly, "Senate Committee List," accessed January 22, 2013
    8. ↑ Roy Blunt, United States Senator for Missouri, "Committee Assignments," accessed October 29, 2011
    9. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022
    10. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
    11. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
    12. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022
    13. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
    14. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
    15. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    16. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
    17. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
    18. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    19. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
    20. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.937 - COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act," accessed April 15, 2022
    21. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3076 - Postal Service Reform Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023
    22. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    23. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5305 - Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act," accessed January 23, 2023
    24. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022
    25. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.350 - Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023
    26. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.14 - A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.," accessed April 15, 2022
    27. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    28. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
    29. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.748 - CARES Act," accessed March 22, 2024
    30. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
    31. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6201 - Families First Coronavirus Response Act," accessed April 27, 2024
    32. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
    33. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6074 - Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
    34. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.31 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
    35. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.47 - John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act," accessed April 27, 2024
    36. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024
    37. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024
    38. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1 - Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
    39. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.8337 - Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act," accessed April 27, 2024
    40. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1158 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
    41. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3055 - Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
    42. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1327 - Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act," accessed April 27, 2024
    43. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024
    44. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024
    45. ↑ Congress.gov, “H.R.5430 - United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act,” accessed April 28, 2024
    46. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.151 - Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act" accessed April 28, 2024
    47. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3401 - Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019,' accessed April 28, 2024
    48. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2157 - Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019," accessed April 28, 2024
    49. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.46 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.," accessed April 28, 2024
    50. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018
    51. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018
    52. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018
    53. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018
    54. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018
    55. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018
    56. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018
    57. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018
    58. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018
    59. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018
    60. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017
    61. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017
    62. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017
    63. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017
    64. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017
    65. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
    66. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017
    67. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
    68. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018
    69. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018
    70. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018
    71. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018
    72. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018
    73. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018
    74. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018
    75. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018
    76. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018
    77. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018
    78. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017
    79. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017
    80. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017
    81. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017
    82. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017
    83. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017
    84. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017
    85. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018
    86. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017
    87. ↑ The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017
    88. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017
    89. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017
    90. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
    91. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
    92. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
    93. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314," accessed May 25, 2015
    94. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1314 (Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to Appeal Act)," accessed May 25, 2015
    95. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call for HR 2146," June 24, 2015
    96. ↑ The Hill, "Senate approves fast-track, sending trade bill to White House," June 24, 2015
    97. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
    98. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
    99. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany S. Con. Res. 11)," accessed May 5, 2015
    100. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
    101. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
    102. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
    103. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
    104. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
    105. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 1735)," accessed October 6, 2015
    106. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
    107. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
    108. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
    109. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
    110. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
    111. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
    112. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
    113. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2640 to H.J.Res.61," accessed September 10, 2015
    114. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
    115. ↑ Senates.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 16, 2015
    116. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
    117. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 17, 2015
    118. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640," accessed September 17, 2015
    119. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2656)," accessed September 17, 2015
    120. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
    121. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2048)," accessed June 2, 2015
    122. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General)," accessed April 29, 2015
    123. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 754," accessed November 1, 2015
    124. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 754, As Amended)," accessed November 1, 2015
    125. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 2146," accessed November 2, 2015
    126. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to S. 2146)," accessed November 2, 2015
    127. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
    128. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
    129. ↑ Washington Post, "S RES 65," May 22, 2013
    130. ↑ Washington Post, "Confirmation of John Owen Brennan," March 7, 2013
    131. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2642 (Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013)," accessed February 12, 2014
    132. ↑ New York Times, "Senate Passes Long-Stalled Farm Bill, With Clear Winners and Losers," accessed February 12, 2014
    133. ↑ 133.0 133.1 Politico, "Senate approves $1.1 trillion spending bill," accessed January 20, 2014
    134. ↑ 134.0 134.1 134.2 U.S. Senate, "January 16 Vote," accessed January 20, 2014
    135. ↑ Roll Call, "House Passes $1.1 Trillion Omnibus," accessed January 20, 2014
    136. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
    137. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2775 As Amended," accessed October 31, 2013
    138. ↑ Washington Post, "HR 1911," July 24, 2013
    139. ↑ Washington Post, "HR 325," January 31, 2013
    140. ↑ Washington Post, "S 744," June 18, 2013
    141. ↑ Washington Post, "HR 933," March 13, 2013
    142. ↑ Washington Post, "S 649 Expand background check to gun shows and Internet," April 17, 2013
    143. ↑ Washington Post, "S 649 Ban assault weapons," April 17, 2013
    144. ↑ Washington Post, "S 47," February 12, 2013
    145. ↑ U.S. Senate, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
    146. ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "Text of GOP Senators’ Letter to Iran’s Leaders on Nuclear Talks," March 9, 2015
    147. ↑ Politico, "Iran letter blowback startles GOP," March 12, 2015
    148. ↑ Fox News, "Firestorm erupts over GOP letter challenging Obama's power to approve Iran nuclear deal," March 10, 2015
    149. ↑ Politico, "Missouri senators to join Eric Holder," August 18, 2014
    150. ↑ The Hill, "2012 GOP Lawmaker Endorsements for President," accessed November 23, 2011
    151. ↑ The Atlantic, "Which Republicans Oppose Donald Trump? A Cheat Sheet," September 8, 2016
    152. ↑ CNN, "Rand Paul says he's heard from White House after filibuster," March 7, 2013
    153. ↑ USA Today, "Rand Paul filibuster ranks among Senate's longest," March 7, 2013
    154. ↑ ABC News, "Rand Paul wins applause from GOP and liberals," March 7, 2013
    155. ↑ Breitbart, "AWOL: Meet the GOP senators who refused to stand with Rand," March 7, 2013
    156. ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul filibuster blasted by Sens. John McCain, Lindsey Graham," March 7, 2013
    157. ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul pulls plug on nearly 13-hour filibuster," March 7, 2017
    158. ↑ Washington Post, "Eric Holder responds to Rand Paul with ‘no’," March 7, 2013
    159. ↑ OnTheIssues, "Roy Blunt on Abortion," accessed April 7, 2014
    160. ↑ OnTheIssues, "Roy Blunt on Civil Rights," accessed April 7, 2014
    161. ↑ OntheIssues, "Roy Blunt on Education," accessed April 7, 2014
    162. ↑ OntheIssues, "Roy Blunt on Gun Control," April 7, 2014
    163. ↑ League of Conservation Voters, "LCV Names Roy Blunt to 2010 Dirty Dozen List, Launches BigOilBlunt.com," accessed April 7, 2014 (dead link),
    164. ↑ OntheIssues, "Roy Blunt on Corporations," accessed April 7, 2014
    165. ↑ Thomas (Library of Congress), "HR 4777," accessed April 7, 2014
    166. ↑ Kansas City Star, "Roy Blunt the insider vs. Jason Kander the outsider sums up U.S. Senate contest in Missouri," accessed September 27, 2016
    167. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed November 12, 2016
    168. ↑ St. Louis Post-Dispatch, "Missouri Senate race unique in complex national cross-currents of 2016," accessed September 30, 2016
    169. ↑ National Review, "Missouri’s Senate Race Wasn’t Supposed to Be This Close," accessed September 30, 2016
    170. ↑ 170.0 170.1 The Military Times, "Incumbent Blunt defeats Kander in Missouri Senate race," accessed November 12, 2016
    171. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
    172. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
    173. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
    174. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
    175. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
    176. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
    177. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
    178. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
    179. ↑ OpenSecrets, "Blunt, (R-MO), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014
    180. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below) to 2012, divided by the number of years calculated.
    181. ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
    182. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
    183. ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
    184. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Sen. Roy Blunt," accessed October 2, 2014
    185. ↑ GovTrack, "Roy Blunt," accessed July 28, 2014
    186. ↑ OpenCongress, "Senator Roy Blunt," archived March 4, 2016
    187. ↑ GovTrack, "Sen. Roy Blunt (R)," accessed September 23, 2015
    188. ↑ LegiStorm, "Roy Blunt," accessed August 16, 2012
    189. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Vote Ratings," accessed July 28, 2014
    190. ↑ National Journal, "TABLE: House Liberal Scores by Issue Area," February 26, 2013
    191. ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012
    192. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
    193. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014

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