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The participation of non-industrial private forest owners in forest certification programs: The role and effectiveness of intermediary organisations

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  • Boakye-Danquah, John
  • Reed, Maureen G.
Abstract
Group forest certification programs are a relatively new policy tool designed to enhance the inclusion of small-holder foresters in forest certification systems. However, our understanding of the institutional arrangements that facilitate the participation of small-holder foresters in certification programs is limited. We assessed the role and effectiveness of intermediary organisations in promoting the participation of Non-Industrial Private Forest Owners (NIPFOs) in a forest management certification program. We focused on the Eastern Ontario Model Forest (EOMF) – an intermediary organization in Canada – which facilitates the certification of NIPFOs in a group certification program. We employed a mixed method approach involving questionnaires, document review, semi-structured interviews, and direct observations. Our findings show that the EOMF's role in the certification of NIPFOs falls under three broad categories and program implementation phases. These are program design and implementation (early-phase), routine administrative and organisational work (take-off phase), and organisational and financial sustainability (long-term phase). Across the different phases of the program, attributes of the EOMF that enhanced its effectiveness were its capacity to (a) build social capital and run the certification at relatively low cost, (b) optimize the program to provide services required by landowners, and (c) innovate to respond to stakeholder demands. However, poor market benefits, instability in donor funding and perceived inequity in group dynamics limit the EOMF's effectiveness. Intermediaries are important not only to reduce the challenges that limit the participation of small-holders in certification but also in optimizing certification to better respond to the needs and interests of small-holder operators.

Suggested Citation

  • Boakye-Danquah, John & Reed, Maureen G., 2019. "The participation of non-industrial private forest owners in forest certification programs: The role and effectiveness of intermediary organisations," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 154-163.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:forpol:v:100:y:2019:i:c:p:154-163
    DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2018.12.006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Glasbergen, Pieter, 2018. "Smallholders do not Eat Certificates," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 243-252.
    2. Huber-Stearns, Heidi R. & Goldstein, Joshua H. & Duke, Esther A., 2013. "Intermediary roles and payments for ecosystem services: A typology and program feasibility application in Panama," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 6(C), pages 104-116.
    3. Emily Jane Davis & Lauren Gwin & Cassandra Moseley & Hannah Gosnell & Harmony Burright, 2015. "Beer, beef, and boards: the role of intermediaries in payment for ecosystem services arrangements in northwestern Montana," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(9), pages 1562-1576, September.
    4. Creamer, Selmin F. & Blatner, Keith A. & Butler, Brett J., 2012. "Certification of family forests: What influences owners’ awareness and participation?," Journal of Forest Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 131-144.
    5. Kurttila, Mikko & Pesonen, Mauno & Kangas, Jyrki & Kajanus, Miika, 2000. "Utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in SWOT analysis -- a hybrid method and its application to a forest-certification case," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 41-52, May.
    6. Stavins, Robert N., 2003. "Experience with market-based environmental policy instruments," Handbook of Environmental Economics, in: K. G. Mäler & J. R. Vincent (ed.), Handbook of Environmental Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 9, pages 355-435, Elsevier.
    7. Katja Brundiers & Arnim Wiek & Braden Kay, 2013. "The Role of Transacademic Interface Managers in Transformational Sustainability Research and Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 5(11), pages 1-23, October.
    8. Hadrian Cook & Laurence Couldrick & Laurence Smith, 2017. "An Assessment of Intermediary Roles in Payments for Ecosystem Services Schemes in the Context of Catchment Management: An Example from South West England," Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management (JEAPM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 19(01), pages 1-31, March.
    9. Coggan, Anthea & Buitelaar, Edwin & Whitten, Stuart & Bennett, Jeff, 2013. "Factors that influence transaction costs in development offsets: Who bears what and why?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 222-231.
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    Cited by:

    1. Thorning, Anna, 2024. "Co-operative forest owner associations - harmonized values for sustainable development?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).

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