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COVID-19 and other pandemics: a literature review for economists

Author

Listed:
  • Sofia Anyfantaki

    (Bank of Greece)

  • Hiona Balfoussia

    (Bank of Greece)

  • Dimitra Dimitropoulou

    (Bank of Greece)

  • Heather Gibson

    (Bank of Greece)

  • Dimitris Papageorgiou

    (Bank of Greece)

  • Filippos Petroulakis

    (Bank of Greece)

  • Anastasia Theofilakou

    (Bank of Greece)

  • Melina Vasardani

    (Bank of Greece)

Abstract
We provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the economic impact of pandemics and identify the transmission channels at play. The primary channel comes from the supply side, as pandemics reduce both the quantity and the quality of labour. They can also lead to a destruc-tion of capital, as businesses close and investment is curtailed. On the demand side, consump-tion is particularly vulnerable to the impact of both reduced income and declining consumer con-fidence. A third channel works through the financial system. While the natural rate of interest might be expected to fall, leading to a period of low interest rates, financial institutions are likely to come under stress. Rising uncertainty, along with an increase in the number of borrowers with debt servicing difficulties, may dampen investment and generate a liquidity squeeze, exacerbating the demand effects of the pandemic. All three channels work to reduce current and potential out-put. Spillovers and asymmetries can explain the varying impact of the pandemic across countries, but it seems that open economies, embedded in global value chains, are especially vulnerable. Nonetheless, the literature provides ample evidence on how to limit the impact of pandemics using monetary and fiscal policy combined with measures to ease liquidity constraints on the financial sector. In the context of the EU, the coordination and mutualisation of the policy response to the pandemic can prove to be very beneficial.

Suggested Citation

  • Sofia Anyfantaki & Hiona Balfoussia & Dimitra Dimitropoulou & Heather Gibson & Dimitris Papageorgiou & Filippos Petroulakis & Anastasia Theofilakou & Melina Vasardani, 2020. "COVID-19 and other pandemics: a literature review for economists," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 51, pages 1-36, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bog:econbl:y:2020:i:51:p:7-42
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    File URL: https://www.bankofgreece.gr/Publications/econbull202007.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Citations

    RePEc Biblio mentions

    As found on the RePEc Biblio, the curated bibliography for Economics:
    1. > Economics of Welfare > Health Economics > Economics of Pandemics

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    Cited by:

    1. Nikos Ventouris & Georgios Palaiodimos, 2022. "Proposals for the reform of EU fiscal rules," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 55, pages 67-81, July.
    2. Nikos Vettas & Konstantinos Peppas & Sophia Stavraki & Michail Vasileiadis, 2020. "The contribution of Industry to the Greek economy: facts and prospects," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 52, pages 29-67, December.
    3. Ioanna C. Bardakas, 2022. "Energy consumption by energy type and exports of goods in Greece: a comparative analysis in relation to the euro area," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 56, pages 75-92, December.
    4. Christos Catiforis, 2022. "Post-pandemic inflation: Phillips Curve, trends, drivers and lessons," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 55, pages 43-65, July.
    5. Sofia Anyfantaki & Petros Migiakis & Katerina Paisiou, 2022. "Green finance in Europe: actors and challenges," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 55, pages 83-105, July.
    6. Sofia Anyfantaki & Yannis Caloghirou & Konstantinos Dellis & Aikaterini Karadimitropoulou & Filippos Petroulakis, 2022. "Skills, management practices and technology adoption in Greek manufacturing firms," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 55, pages 7-42, July.
    7. Theodora Kosma & Pavlos Petroulas & Evangelia Vourvachaki, 2020. "What drives wage differentials in Greece: workplaces or workers?," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 52, pages 69-72, December.
    8. Ali Keshavarzi & Shokooh Mahmoodi & Hamid Reza Horry, 2024. "Investigating the economic and environmental effects of a pandemic and its policy responses: a Bayesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(11), pages 29269-29292, November.
    9. Ioannis Asimakopoulos & Athanasios P. Fassas & Dimitris Malliaropulos, 2020. "Does earnings quality matter? Evidence from the Athens Exchange," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 52, pages 93-112, December.
    10. Christos Antonopoulos & Sofia Anyfantaki & Theodora Kosma & Evangelia Papapetrou & Filippos Petroulakis & Pavlos Petroulas & Pinelopi Zioutou, 2022. "The Greek Labour market before and after the pandemic: slack tightness and skills mismatch," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 56, pages 45-74, December.
    11. Constantina Backinezos & Stelios Panagiotou & Evangelia Vourvachaki, 2020. "Multiplier effects by sector: an input-output analysis of the Greek economy," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 52, pages 7-28, December.
    12. Valentin Burcă & Oana Bogdan & Ovidiu-Constantin Bunget & Alin-Constantin Dumitrescu, 2024. "Corporate Financial Performance vs. Corporate Sustainability Performance, between Earnings Management and Process Improvement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-43, September.
    13. Nikolaos Vettas & Alexandros Louka & Konstantinos Peppas & Yakinthi Pountouraki & Michael Vasileiadis, 2022. "Trends in total factor productivity in Greece and its determinants during the period 2005-2019," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 56, pages 7-43, December.
    14. Umut Akovali & Kamil Yilmaz, 2020. "Polarized Politics of Pandemic Response and the Covid-19 Connectedness Across the U.S. States," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 2019, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.

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    JEL classification:

    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • E3 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets

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