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Physical activity mediates age differences in cognition among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists

Author

Listed:
  • Phoebe E. Imms

    (USC - University of Southern California)

  • Nikhil Chaudhari

    (USC - University of Southern California)

  • Daniel Cummings

    (The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque] - NMC - New Mexico Consortium, Chapman University)

  • Daniel Eid Rodriguez

    (UMSS - Universidad Mayor de San Simón [Cochabamba, Bolivie])

  • Giuseppe Barisano

    (Stanford University)

  • Paul L. Hooper

    (The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque] - NMC - New Mexico Consortium)

  • Katherine Sayre

    (UC - University of California)

  • Edmond Seabright

    (The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque] - NMC - New Mexico Consortium)

  • Randall C. Thompson

    (University of Central Missouri)

  • Linda Sutherland

    (MemorialCare Health Systems, Fountain Valley, California)

  • James Sutherland

    (MemorialCare Health Systems, Fountain Valley, California)

  • Benjamin C. Trumble

    (ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe])

  • Michael Gurven

    (UC - University of California)

  • Jonathan Stieglitz

    (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Caleb Finch

    (USC - University of Southern California)

  • Hillard Kaplan

    (IAST - Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse)

  • Wendy Mack

    (USC - University of Southern California)

  • Margaret Gatz

    (USC - University of Southern California)

  • Andrei Irimia

    (USC - University of Southern California)

Abstract
Background: The Tsimane and Moseten of the Bolivian Amazon are highly physically active and exhibit low rates of cognitive impairment and brain atrophy. Methods: We use structural equation modelling to examine how their physical activity levels mediate the relationship between (1) age and cognition, and (2) age and cognition via brain volume (BV). Results: Tsimane males (n = 305, mean +/- SD age = 59.94 +/- 9.68) and Tsimane females (n = 265, mean +/- SD age = 59.28 +/- 9.79) exhibit significantly higher levels of physical activity than Moseten males (n = 106, mean +/- SD age = 58.15 +/- 9.93) and Moseten females (n = 96, mean +/- SD age = 56.63 +/- 9.69). Physical activity significantly mediates the relationship between age and cognition in Tsimane males (indirect effect estimate beta=0.01, P < .01) and Tsimane females (indirect effect estimate beta= -0.04, P = .01), but not in Moseten males or females. Conclusions: Among Tsimane males, who are more physically active than Tsimane females, the association between age and cognition via BV is significantly mediated by physical activity. Among Tsimane females, mediation occurs directly via physical activity, bypassing BV. These results suggest that mechanisms of cognitive differences across ages differ by sex and population. Studying the relationship between brain atrophy and lifestyle in nonindustrialized populations elucidates biological and environmental correlates of brain health.

Suggested Citation

  • Phoebe E. Imms & Nikhil Chaudhari & Daniel Cummings & Daniel Eid Rodriguez & Giuseppe Barisano & Paul L. Hooper & Katherine Sayre & Edmond Seabright & Randall C. Thompson & Linda Sutherland & James Su, 2025. "Physical activity mediates age differences in cognition among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists," Post-Print hal-05218955, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05218955
    DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaf163
    as

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