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Rhétorique émotionnelle et montée du populisme au Parlement européen

Author

Listed:
  • Hugo Subtil

    (UZH - Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich)

  • Vincent Verger

    (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - GENES - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - GENES - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques)

Abstract
Les progrès vraisemblables des partis dits populistes a lors des élections européennes du 9 juin prochain sont susceptibles de transformer en profondeur les dynamiques politiques au sein du Parlement européen b. Cette transformation ne se limitera pas aux seuls équilibres numériques entre groupes politiques : elle affectera aussi la forme des débats et les comportements de communication des parlementaires européens, notamment par une adaptation des partis non populistes à la rhétorique populiste, qui mobilise largement les émotions. Cette note s'appuie sur les transcriptions des débats tenus lors des séances plénières du Parlement européen entre 1999 et 2022. Des méthodes de traitement automatique du langage naturel y sont utilisées pour étudier la tonalité des interventions des députés européens. Il apparaît que la tonalité des débats au Parlement européen évolue. Leur niveau d'émotion a en effet nettement augmenté depuis 1999. Les députés européens s'expriment de façons différentes selon les sujets discutés, leur État membre d'origine et leur positionnement idéologique. Ceux des partis dits populistes se distinguent par davantage d'émotion dans leurs prises de parole. Toutefois, en réponse à la progression de ces partis, les autres élus du Parlement européen adaptent leur rhétorique en intensifiant la tonalité de leurs discours dans le même sens. Si cette étude ne permet pas d'identifier les conséquences d'une telle évolution sur la qualité des travaux parlementaires et la perception du Parlement européen par les citoyens européens, elle invite à y réfléchir davantage.

Suggested Citation

  • Hugo Subtil & Vincent Verger, 2024. "Rhétorique émotionnelle et montée du populisme au Parlement européen," Institut des Politiques Publiques halshs-04748267, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:ipppap:halshs-04748267
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04748267v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Margaret Canovan, 1999. "Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of Democracy," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 47(1), pages 2-16, March.
    2. Rheault, Ludovic & Cochrane, Christopher, 2020. "Word Embeddings for the Analysis of Ideological Placement in Parliamentary Corpora," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(1), pages 112-133, January.
    3. Gloria Gennaro & Elliott Ash, 2022. "Emotion and Reason in Political Language," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(643), pages 1037-1059.
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