Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2022

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State legislative term limits analysis
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2022 state legislative elections

Of the 88 state legislative chambers that held elections in 2022, 25 of them—14 senate chambers and 11 house chambers—included incumbents who were unable to run for re-election due to term limits.[1] In those 25 chambers, term limits affected 1,449 seats up for election.[1] There are 99 chambers nationwide.

Term limits affect the members of 29 legislative chambers in 15 states. There are 1,972 state senate seats and 5,411 state house seats in the United States. Of the 1,972 senate seats, 562 seats (29%) are subject to term limits. Of the 5,411 house seats, 1,368 seats (25%) are subject to term limits.

HIGHLIGHTS
  • 252 state legislators—86 state senators and 166 state representatives—were term-limited in 2022. This represented 4.0% of the 6,278 total seats up for election in November 2022.[2]
  • There were more term-limited legislators in 2022 than in 2020. In 2020, there were 211 term-limited state legislators. Ballotpedia tracked the most term-limited legislators in 2010 when 375 legislators were termed out.
  • 155 Republicans were term-limited, while 86 Democrats and 11 independents were term-limited. In even-numbered election years between 2010 and 2020, Democrats averaged 113 term-limited legislators, while Republicans averaged 142 term-limited legislators.
  • The Montana State Senate and Michigan House of Representatives had the highest percentage of term-limited legislators in 2022. In the Montana Senate, 48% of the incumbents up for election were term-limited, while 35% of the Michigan House were term-limited.
    • See also: State legislative elections, 2022

    Term-limited legislators by state

    The map below shows the 15 states that use term limits for state legislators. All 15 states held elections in 2022 except Louisiana.[3] Click on a state below to see the total number of term-limited state legislators in 2022 as well as a breakdown of the totals for each legislative chamber.

    States where term limits had the greatest impact

    • The Montana State Senate had the highest percentage of state senators term-limited in 2022. Of the 25 seats up for election, 12 Montana senators, or 48% of the chamber, were term-limited in 2022.
    • Michigan's House had the highest percentage of term-limited state representatives in 2022. 38 of the 110 seats up for election in 2022 (35%) had term-limited incumbents. The second-highest number of term-limited representatives was in Maine. The Maine House of Representatives had 36 state representatives term-limited out of the 151 seats up for election in 2022, or 24% of the chamber.

    States where term limits had the least impact

    • Arizona's Senate had the lowest percentage of term-limited state senators in 2022. Two of the 30 senate seats up for election in 2022 (7%) had term-limited incumbents.
    • The Arkansas House of Representatives and California State Assembly were tied with the lowest impact by term limits in the 2022 elections. Neither state had representatives impacted by term limits in 2022. The second-lowest number of term-limited representatives was in Oklahoma. The Oklahoma House of Representatives had six state representatives term-limited out of the 101 seats up for election in 2022, or 6% of the chamber.

    Democratic and Republican term-limited incumbents

    Term limits can often affect the competitiveness of a state legislative election because term limits create open seats. Open seats are believed to be more electorally competitive than seats in which an incumbent is running for re-election because incumbents tend to win re-election. A 2015 study by Ballotpedia found that in state legislative elections between 1972 and 2014, the incumbency win rate never fell below 90 percent, except for 1974 when 88 percent of incumbents won re-election.

    241 state legislators associated with either the Democratic or Republican parties—86 Democratic and 155 Republican—were term-limited in 2022. Eleven independent incumbents were also term-limited.

    Senate

    86 state senators—28 Democrats, 47 Republicans, and 11 nonpartisan—were term-limited in 2022. Going into the November elections, Democrats had majorities in four of the 14 term-limited state senates. Republicans had majorities in nine of the 14 state senates. Nebraska's state Senate is term-limited and officially nonpartisan.

    Five state senates—Arizona, Arkansas, California, Maine, and Ohio—had more term-limited Democrats than Republicans. Eight state senates—Colorado, Florida, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, Oklahoma, and South Dakota—had more term-limited Republicans than Democrats.

    2022 term-limited state senate elections
    State Majority party Democratic Party Democratic
    term-limited         		Republican Party Republican
    term-limited         		Independent Nonpartisan
    term-limited         		Seats up in 2022 % of seats
    Arizona Republican 2 0 0 30 6.7%
    Arkansas Republican 2 1 0 35 8.6%
    California Democratic 4 3 0 20 35.0%
    Colorado Democratic 1 5 0 17 35.3%
    Florida Republican 1 4 0 40 12.5%
    Maine Democratic 6 4 0 35 28.6%
    Michigan Republican 2 5 0 38 18.4%
    Missouri Republican 1 5 0 17 35.3%
    Montana Republican 4 8 0 25 48.0%
    Nebraska Nonpartisan[4] 0 0 11 24 45.8%
    Nevada Democratic 1 2 0 11 27.3%
    Ohio Republican 3 2 0 17 29.4%
    Oklahoma Republican 0 4 0 24 16.7%
    South Dakota Republican 1 4 0 35 14.3%
    Total --- 28 47 11 368 23.4%

    House

    166 state representatives—58 Democrats and 108 Republicans—were term-limited in 2022. Going into the November elections, Democrats had majorities in three of the 11 term-limited state houses. Republicans had majorities in eight of the 11 state house of representatives.[5]

    Two state houses—Nevada and Ohio had more term-limited Democrats than Republicans. Eight state houses—Arizona, Florida, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Oklahoma, and South Dakota—had more term-limited Republicans than Democrats. One state—Colorado—had an equal number of term-limited Democrats and Republicans.

    2022 term-limited state house elections
    State Majority party Democratic Party Democratic
    term-limited         		Republican Party Republican
    term-limited         		Independent Nonpartisan
    term-limited         		Seats up in 2022 % of seats
    Arizona Republican 3 4 0 60 11.7%
    Arkansas Republican 0 0 0 100 0.0%
    California Democratic 0 0 0 80 0.0%
    Colorado Democratic 4 4 0 65 12.3%
    Florida Republican 2 9 0 120 9.2%
    Maine Democratic 16 20 0 151 23.8%
    Michigan Republican 14 24 0 110 34.5%
    Missouri Republican 1 17 0 163 11.0%
    Montana Republican 7 11 0 100 18.0%
    Nevada Democratic 2 1 0 42 7.1%
    Ohio Republican 7 6 0 99 13.1%
    Oklahoma Republican 1 5 0 101 5.9%
    South Dakota Republican 1 7 0 70 11.4%
    Total --- 58 108 0 1,261 13.2%

    State senators

    See also: Impact of term limits on state senate elections in 2022

    There were 43 state senates that held general elections in 2022. In 14 of these states, state senators were term-limited. Louisiana was the only state with state senate term limits that did not have a general election in 2022.

    86 state senators were term-limited. This represented 23% of the 368 seats up for election in the 14 term-limited state senates with elections on Nov. 8. This included:

    • 28 incumbent Democratic state senators
    • 47 incumbent Republican state senators
    • 11 nonpartisan state senators

    Some of the 86 state senators listed below may have resigned before their term ended. These officials were still counted in the total number of term-limited state senators in 2022.

    1. Lupe Contreras (D), Arizona State Senate, District 19.
    2. Martin Quezada (D), Arizona State Senate, District 29.
    3. Cecile Bledsoe (R), Arkansas State Senate, District 3.
    4. Larry Teague (D), Arkansas State Senate, District 10.
    5. Joyce Elliott (D), Arkansas State Senate, District 31.
    6. Jim Nielsen (R), California State Senate, District 4.
    7. Richard Pan (D), California State Senate, District 6.
    8. Bob Wieckowski (D), California State Senate, District 10.
    9. Robert Hertzberg (D), California State Senate, District 18.
    10. Melissa Melendez (R), California State Senate, District 28.
    11. Patricia C. Bates (R), California State Senate, District 36.
    12. Ben Hueso (D), California State Senate, District 40.
    13. Jerry Sonnenberg (R), Colorado State Senate, District 1.
    14. Kerry Donovan (D), Colorado State Senate, District 5.
    15. Don Coram (R), Colorado State Senate, District 6.
    16. Ray Scott (R), Colorado State Senate, District 7.
    17. John Cooke (R), Colorado State Senate, District 13.
    18. Chris Holbert (R), Colorado State Senate, District 30.
    19. Aaron Bean (R), Florida State Senate, District 4.
    20. Audrey Gibson (D), Florida State Senate, District 6.
    21. Wilton Simpson (R), Florida State Senate, District 10.
    22. Kelli Stargel (R), Florida State Senate, District 22.
    23. Jeff Brandes (R), Florida State Senate, District 24.
    24. Paul T. Davis (R), Maine State Senate, District 4.
    25. James Dill (D), Maine State Senate, District 5.
    26. Kimberley Rosen (R), Maine State Senate, District 8.
    27. David Miramant (D), Maine State Senate, District 12.
    28. Scott Cyrway (R), Maine State Senate, District 16.
    29. Nathan Libby (D), Maine State Senate, District 21.
    30. Catherine Breen (D), Maine State Senate, District 25.
    31. Bill Diamond (D), Maine State Senate, District 26.
    32. Susan Deschambault (D), Maine State Senate, District 32.
    33. David Woodsome (R), Maine State Senate, District 33.
    34. Mike Shirkey (R), Michigan State Senate, District 16.
    35. Dale Zorn (R), Michigan State Senate, District 17.
    36. Curtis Hertel (D), Michigan State Senate, District 23.
    37. Jim Ananich (D), Michigan State Senate, District 27.
    38. Ken Horn (R), Michigan State Senate, District 32.
    39. Jim Stamas (R), Michigan State Senate, District 36.
    40. Wayne Schmidt (R), Michigan State Senate, District 37.
    41. Bob Onder (R), Missouri State Senate, District 2.
    42. Jeanie Riddle (R), Missouri State Senate, District 10.
    43. Dan Hegeman (R), Missouri State Senate, District 12.
    44. Paul Wieland (R), Missouri State Senate, District 22.
    45. Jill Schupp (D), Missouri State Senate, District 24.
    46. Dave Schatz (R), Missouri State Senate, District 26.
    47. Mark Blasdel (R), Montana State Senate, District 4.
    48. Bob Keenan (R), Montana State Senate, District 5.
    49. Brian Hoven (R), Montana State Senate, District 13.
    50. Duane Ankney (R), Montana State Senate, District 20.
    51. Douglas Kary (R), Montana State Senate, District 22.
    52. Mary McNally (D), Montana State Senate, District 24.
    53. Cary Smith (R), Montana State Senate, District 27.
    54. David Howard (R), Montana State Senate, District 29.
    55. Jennifer Pomnichowski (D), Montana State Senate, District 33.
    56. Gordon Vance (R), Montana State Senate, District 34.
    57. Jill Cohenour (D), Montana State Senate, District 42.
    58. Diane Sands (D), Montana State Senate, District 49.
    59. Bob Hilkemann (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 4.
    60. Brett Lindstrom (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 18.
    61. John McCollister (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 20.
    62. Mark Kolterman (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 24.
    63. Matt Hansen (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 26.
    64. Patty Pansing Brooks (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 28.
    65. Curt Friesen (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 34.
    66. Matt Williams (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 36.
    67. Dan Hughes (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 44.
    68. Adam Morfeld (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 46.
    69. John Stinner Sr. (Nonpartisan), Nebraska State Senate, District 48.
    70. Moises Denis (D), Nevada State Senate, District 2.
    71. Joseph Hardy (R), Nevada State Senate, District 12.
    72. James Settelmeyer (R), Nevada State Senate, District 17.
    73. Cecil Thomas (D), Ohio State Senate, District 9.
    74. Bob Peterson (R), Ohio State Senate, District 17.
    75. Sandra Williams (D), Ohio State Senate, District 21.
    76. Kenny Yuko (D), Ohio State Senate, District 25.
    77. Jay Hottinger (R), Ohio State Senate, District 31.
    78. Marty Quinn (R), Oklahoma State Senate, District 2.
    79. Mark Allen (R), Oklahoma State Senate, District 4.
    80. Frank Simpson (R), Oklahoma State Senate, District 14.
    81. Kim David (R), Oklahoma State Senate, District 18.
    82. Brock Greenfield (R), South Dakota State Senate, District 2.
    83. R. Blake Curd (R), South Dakota State Senate, District 12.
    84. Arthur Rusch (R), South Dakota State Senate, District 17.
    85. Troy Heinert (D), South Dakota State Senate, District 26.
    86. Gary Cammack (R), South Dakota State Senate, District 29.


    State representatives

    See also: Impact of term limits on state representative elections in 2022

    There were 45 state houses that held general elections in 2022. In 13 of these states, state representatives were term-limited. Louisiana did not hold state house elections in 2022 and Nebraska does not have a state house. The Arkansas House of Representatives and California State Assembly were up for election in 2022 and have term limits, but no representatives were impacted by term limits in 2022.

    166 state representatives were term-limited in 2022. This represented 15% of the 1,081 seats up for election in the 11 term-limited state houses with elections on Nov. 8.[5] This included:

    • 58 incumbent Democratic state representatives
    • 108 incumbent Republican state representatives

    Some of the 166 state representatives listed below may have resigned before their term ended. These officials were still counted in the total number of term-limited state representatives in 2022.

    1. Regina Cobb (R), Arizona House of Representatives, District 5.
    2. Mark Finchem (R), Arizona House of Representatives, District 11.
    3. Jeff Weninger (R), Arizona House of Representatives, District 17.
    4. Diego Espinoza (D), Arizona House of Representatives, District 19.
    5. Russell Bowers (R), Arizona House of Representatives, District 25.
    6. Reginald Bolding (D), Arizona House of Representatives, District 27.
    7. Richard Andrade (D), Arizona House of Representatives, District 29.
    8. Susan Lontine (D), Colorado House of Representatives, District 1.
    9. Alec Garnett (D), Colorado House of Representatives, District 2.
    10. Thomas Exum Sr. (D), Colorado House of Representatives, District 17.
    11. Terri Carver (R), Colorado House of Representatives, District 20.
    12. Kevin Van Winkle (R), Colorado House of Representatives, District 43.
    13. Kim Ransom (R), Colorado House of Representatives, District 44.
    14. Patrick Neville (R), Colorado House of Representatives, District 45.
    15. Daneya Esgar (D), Colorado House of Representatives, District 46.
    16. Brad Drake (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 5.
    17. Jay Trumbull (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 6.
    18. Scott Plakon (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 29.
    19. Blaise Ingoglia (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 35.
    20. Colleen Burton (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 40.
    21. Rene Plasencia (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 50.
    22. Chris Sprowls (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 65.
    23. Christopher Latvala (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 67.
    24. Evan Jenne (D), Florida House of Representatives, District 99.
    25. Joseph S. Geller (D), Florida House of Representatives, District 100.
    26. Bryan Avila (R), Florida House of Representatives, District 111.
    27. Lydia Blume (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 3.
    28. Patricia Hymanson (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 4.
    29. Beth O'Connor (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 5.
    30. Christopher Babbidge (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 8.
    31. Ryan Fecteau (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 11.
    32. Dwayne Prescott (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 17.
    33. Matthew Harrington (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 19.
    34. Lester Ordway (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 23.
    35. Mark Bryant (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 24.
    36. Patrick Corey (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 25.
    37. Teresa Pierce (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 44.
    38. Ralph Tucker (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 50.
    39. Joyce "Jay" McCreight (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 51.
    40. Denise Tepler (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 54.
    41. Heidi Brooks (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 61.
    42. Gina Melaragno (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 62.
    43. Bruce Bickford (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 63.
    44. Susan Austin (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 67.
    45. Nathan Wadsworth (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 70.
    46. Kathleen Jackson Dillingham (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 72.
    47. Timothy Theriault (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 79.
    48. Charlotte Warren (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 84.
    49. Jeffery Hanley (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 87.
    50. MaryAnne Kinney (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 99.
    51. Joel Stetkis (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 105.
    52. Thomas Skolfield (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 112.
    53. Richard Pickett (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 116.
    54. Frances Head (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 117.
    55. Paul Stearns (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 119.
    56. Michelle Dunphy (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 122.
    57. Peter Lyford (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 129.
    58. Robert Alley (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 138.
    59. William Tuell (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 139.
    60. Dustin White (R), Maine House of Representatives, District 146.
    61. Roland Martin (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 150.
    62. John L. Martin (D), Maine House of Representatives, District 151.
    63. Tenisha Yancey (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 1.
    64. Jewell Jones (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 11.
    65. Cara Clemente (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 14.
    66. Joseph Bellino (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 17.
    67. Kevin Hertel (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 18.
    68. Darrin Camilleri (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 23.
    69. Steve Marino (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 24.
    70. Jim Ellison (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 26.
    71. Diana Farrington (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 30.
    72. William Sowerby (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 31.
    73. Pamela Hornberger (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 32.
    74. Jeff Yaroch (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 33.
    75. John Reilly (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 46.
    76. Tim Sneller (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 50.
    77. Donna Lasinski (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 52.
    78. Yousef Rabhi (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 53.
    79. Ronnie Peterson (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 54.
    80. Bronna Kahle (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 57.
    81. Julie Alexander (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 64.
    82. Beth Griffin (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 66.
    83. Steven Johnson (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 72.
    84. David LaGrand (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 75.
    85. Tommy Brann (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 77.
    86. Mary Whiteford (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 80.
    87. Gary Howell (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 82.
    88. Ben Frederick (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 85.
    89. Thomas Albert (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 86.
    90. Julie Calley (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 87.
    91. Jim Lilly (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 89.
    92. Terry Sabo (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 92.
    93. Jason Wentworth (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 97.
    94. Roger Hauck (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 99.
    95. Scott VanSingel (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 100.
    96. Michele Hoitenga (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 102.
    97. Daire Rendon (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 103.
    98. Sue Allor (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 106.
    99. Beau LaFave (R), Michigan House of Representatives, District 108.
    100. Sara Cambensy (D), Michigan House of Representatives, District 109.
    101. Allen Andrews (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 1.
    102. J. Eggleston (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 2.
    103. Bill Kidd (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 20.
    104. Randy Pietzman (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 41.
    105. Chuck Basye (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 47.
    106. Travis Fitzwater (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 49.
    107. Tracy McCreery (D), Missouri House of Representatives, District 88.
    108. Shamed Dogan (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 98.
    109. Ron Hicks (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 102.
    110. John Wiemann (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 103.
    111. Shane Roden (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 111.
    112. Rob Vescovo (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 112.
    113. Dan Shaul (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 113.
    114. Jason Chipman (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 120.
    115. Patricia Pike (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 126.
    116. Jered Taylor (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 139.
    117. Don Rone (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 149.
    118. Andrew McDaniel (R), Missouri House of Representatives, District 150.
    119. Frank Garner (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 7.
    120. Mark Noland (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 10.
    121. Derek Skees (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 11.
    122. Wendy McKamey (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 19.
    123. Wylie Galt (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 30.
    124. Kenneth Holmlund (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 38.
    125. Geraldine Custer (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 39.
    126. Katharin Kelker (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 47.
    127. Jessica Karjala (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 48.
    128. Dennis Lenz (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 53.
    129. Vince Ricci (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 55.
    130. Seth Berglee (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 58.
    131. Denise Hayman (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 66.
    132. Moffie Funk (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 82.
    133. Mary Ann Dunwell (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 84.
    134. Brad Tschida (R), Montana House of Representatives, District 97.
    135. Willis Curdy (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 98.
    136. Andrea Olsen (D), Montana House of Representatives, District 100.
    137. Maggie Carlton (D), Nevada State Assembly, District 14.
    138. Teresa Benitez-Thompson (D), Nevada State Assembly, District 27.
    139. John Ellison (R), Nevada State Assembly, District 33.
    140. Bob Cupp (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 4.
    141. Tim Ginter (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 5.
    142. Kent Smith (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 8.
    143. Janine Boyd (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 9.
    144. David Leland (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 22.
    145. Tom Brinkman Jr. (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 27.
    146. Emilia Sykes (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 34.
    147. Michael Sheehy (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 46.
    148. Paul Zeltwanger (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 54.
    149. Michele Lepore-Hagan (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 58.
    150. Michael O'Brien (D), Ohio House of Representatives, District 64.
    151. Kyle Koehler (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 79.
    152. Nino Vitale (R), Ohio House of Representatives, District 85.
    153. Dustin Roberts (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 21.
    154. Sean Roberts (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 36.
    155. Emily Virgin (D), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 44.
    156. Tommy Hardin (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 49.
    157. Todd Russ (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 55.
    158. Jadine Nollan (R), Oklahoma House of Representatives, District 66.
    159. Lana Greenfield (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 2.
    160. Steven Haugaard (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 10.
    161. Mark Willadsen (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 11.
    162. Arch Beal (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 12.
    163. David Anderson (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 16.
    164. Kent Peterson (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 19.
    165. Shawn Bordeaux (D), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 26A.
    166. J. Sam Marty (R), South Dakota House of Representatives, District 28B.


    Year-to-year comparisons

    Overview

    The table below shows term-limited state legislators by year from 2010 to 2022. Between those years, 1,924 state legislators were term-limited. Republicans had 250 more term-limited legislators than Democrats.

    • Democratic legislators term-limited: 803
    • Republican legislators term-limited: 1,053
    • Nonpartisan legislators term-limited: 68
    Term-limited state legislators by year
    Year Democratic Party Dem. senators Republican Party Rep. senators Independent Nonpartisan sentators Democratic Party Dem. representatives Republican Party Rep. representatives Independent Nonpartisan representatives Total term-limited
    2022 28 47 11 58 108 0 252
    2021 - - - - - - -
    2020 21 33 6 61 89 1 211
    2019 4 12 0 13 17 1 47
    2018 28 62 6 58 115 2 271
    2017 - - - - - - -
    2016 29 26 12 84 102 0 253
    2015 3 4 0 7 7 0 21
    2014 22 24 17 73 87 0 223
    2013 - - - - - - -
    2012 35 40 8 87 85 0 255
    2011 5 1 0 5 4 1 16
    2010 54 66 1 128 124 2 375
    Total 229 315 61 574 738 7 1,924


    2022

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2022

    In 2022, 252 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. A total of 86 state senators were term-limited in 2022. A total of 166 state representatives were termed out in 2022.

    Incumbents

    The following table shows the number of term-limited state legislators in 2022 broken down by party and chamber.

    2022 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 28 58 86
    Republican 47 108 155
    Independent/Nonpartisan 11 0 11
    Total 86 166 252

    2021

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2021

    No states with term limits held elections in 2021.


    2020

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2020

    In 2020, 211 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. A total of 60 state senators were term-limited in 2020. A total of 151 state representatives were termed out in 2020.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2020 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2020 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 21 61 82
    Republican 33 89 122
    Independent/Nonpartisan 6 1 7
    Total 60 151 211

    2019

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2019

    In 2019, 47 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the only state holding elections for a term-limited legislature in 2019.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2019 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2019 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 4 13 17
    Republican 12 17 29
    Independent 0 1 1
    Total 16 31 47

    2018

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2018

    In 2018, 271 state legislators were termed out in state senates and state houses combined. A total of 96 state senators were term-limited in 2018. A total of 175 state representatives were termed out in 2018.

    As a result of term limits in the 2018 state legislative elections, more Republican legislators were ineligible to run than Democratic legislators.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2018 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2018 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 28 58 86
    Republican 62 115 177
    Minor Party/
    Nonpartisan     		6[6] 2 8
    Total 96 175 271


    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2018.

    2018 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 1 4 5
    Republican 8 8 16
    Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 5 1 6
    Total 14 13 27

    Post-election results

    Thirty-five of the 271 term-limited seats (12.9%) changed partisan control in the 2018 elections. Democrats had a net gain of 15 seats and Republicans had a net loss of 13 seats. Ten seats switched from Democrat to Republican, 23 seats flipped from Republican to Democrat, and two seats changed from independent to Democrat.[7]

    Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2018 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party. The Nebraska senators were counted as major party incumbents in the post-election results.

    2018 post-election results
    Party Pre-election Post-election
    Democratic 87 102
    Republican 182 169
    Minor Party/Nonpartisan 2[8] 0


    Post-election partisan change of term-limited seats
    Name Party Office District 2018 election winner Party
    Joseph Schiavoni Democratic Ohio State Senate District 33 Michael Rulli Republican
    Randy Bass Democratic Oklahoma State Senate District 32 John Montgomery Republican
    Billie Sutton Democratic South Dakota State Senate District 21 Rocky Blare Republican
    Anthony Cannella Republican California State Senate District 12 Anna Caballero Democratic
    Brian Langley Republican Maine State Senate District 7 Louis Luchini Democratic
    Michael Thibodeau Republican Maine State Senate District 11 Erin Herbig Democratic
    Dave Hildenbrand Republican Michigan State Senate District 29 Winnie Brinks Democratic
    James Marleau Republican Michigan State Senate District 12 Rosemary Bayer Democratic
    Patrick Colbeck Republican Michigan State Senate District 7 Dayna Polehanki Democratic
    Edward Buttrey Republican Montana State Senate District 11 Tom Jacobson Democratic
    Bob Krist Republican Nebraska State Senate District 10 Wendy DeBoer Democratic
    Kevin Bacon Republican Ohio State Senate District 3 Tina Maharath Democratic
    J.D. Mesnard Republican Arizona House of Representatives District 17 Jennifer Pawlik Democratic
    Wayne Parry Republican Maine House of Representatives District 10 Henry Ingwersen Democratic
    Ralph Chapman Independent Maine House of Representatives District 133 Sarah Pebworth Democratic
    Heather Sirocki Republican Maine House of Representatives District 28 Christopher Caiazzo Democratic
    Denise Harlow Independent Maine House of Representatives District 36 Michael Brennan Democratic
    Deborah Sanderson Republican Maine House of Representatives District 88 Chloe Maxmin Democratic
    James Gillway Republican Maine House of Representatives District 98 Scott Cuddy Democratic
    Michael McCready Republican Michigan House of Representatives District 40 Mari Manoogian Democratic
    Martin Howrylak Republican Michigan House of Representatives District 41 Padma Kuppa Democratic
    Gary Cross Republican Missouri House of Representatives District 35 Keri Ingle Democratic
    Anne Gonzales Republican Ohio House of Representatives District 19 Mary Lightbody Democratic
    Mike Duffey Republican Ohio House of Representatives District 21 Beth Liston Democratic
    Kristina Daley Roegner Republican Ohio House of Representatives District 37 Casey Weinstein Democratic
    Marlene Anielski Republican Ohio House of Representatives District 6 Phil Robinson Democratic
    Weldon Watson Republican Oklahoma House of Representatives District 79 Melissa Provenzano Democratic
    Randy McDaniel Republican Oklahoma House of Representatives District 83 Chelsey Branham Democratic
    Scott Dianda Democratic Michigan House of Representatives District 110 Gregory Markkanen Republican
    Pat Conway Democratic Missouri House of Representatives District 10 Bill Falkner Republican
    Ben Harris Democratic Missouri House of Representatives District 118 Mike McGirl Republican
    Ed Cannaday Democratic Oklahoma House of Representatives District 15 Randy Randleman Republican
    Brian Renegar Democratic Oklahoma House of Representatives District 17 Jim Grego Republican
    Spencer Hawley Democratic South Dakota House of Representatives District 7 Doug Post Republican
    Chuck Hoskin Democratic Oklahoma House of Representatives District 6 Rusty Cornwell Republican

    2017

    No states with term limits held elections in 2017.


    2016

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2016

    In 2016, 253 state legislators were termed out in state senates and state houses combined. A total of 67 state senators were termed out in 2016. This represented 20.2 percent of the 331 total state senate seats up for election in the 13 term-limited state senates with elections in November 2016. A total of 186 state representatives were termed out. This represented 14.8 percent of the 1,261 total seats up for election in the 13 term-limited state houses with elections in November 2016.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2016 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2016 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 29 84 113
    Republican 26 102 128
    Nonpartisan 12 0 12
    Total 67 186 253

    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2016.

    2016 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 5 4 9
    Republican 5 8 13
    Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 3 1 4
    Total 13 13 26

    2015

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2015

    In 2015, 21 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the only state holding elections for a term-limited legislature in 2015.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2015 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2015 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 3 7 10
    Republican 4 7 11
    Total 7 14 21

    2014

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2014

    In 2014, a total of 223 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. This was 14 percent of the 1,592 state legislative seats up for election in the 14 term-limited states with 2014 elections, and 3.7 percent of the 6,047 state legislative seats that were up for election altogether in 2014, including the non-term-limited states.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2014 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2014 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 22 73 95
    Republican 24 87 111
    Nonpartisan 17 0 17
    Total 63 160 223

    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2014.

    2014 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 6 4 10
    Republican 5 9 14
    Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 2 0 2
    Total 13 13 26


    2013

    No states with term limits held elections in 2013.

    2012

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2012

    In 2012, 255 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. This was 14.3 percent of the 1,786 state legislative seats up for election in the 14 term-limited states with 2012 elections, and about 4 percent of the 6,015 state legislative seats that were up for election altogether in 2012, including the non-term-limited states.

    In 2012, the last election cycle in which the same seats were up for election as 2016, Republicans had a marginal disadvantage in terms of the number incumbents lost to term limits as well as the number of chambers in which each party saw more members lost to term limits. However, Democrats lost one more state representative than Republicans did during this cycle.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2012 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2012 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 35 87 122
    Republican 40 85 125
    Nonpartisan 8 0 8
    Total 83 172 255

    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2012.

    2012 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 4 6 10
    Republican 5 7 12
    Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 4 0 4
    Total 13 13 26

    2011

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2011

    In 2011, 16 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the only state with term limits that held an election in 2011. The 16 state legislators termed-out in 2011 made up 10.4 percent of the total legislative seats up for election in Louisiana.

    There were six state senators termed-out in 2011, making up 15.4 percent of the 39 state senate seats up for election in 2011. There were ten state representatives termed-out in 2011, making up 9.5 percent of the 105 state representative seats up for election in 2011.

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2011 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2011 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 5 5 10
    Republican 1 4 5
    Minor Party/
    Nonpartisan     		0 1 1
    Total 6 10 16

    2010

    See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2010

    In 2010, 375 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. This was 23 percent of the 1,600 state legislative seats up for election in the 14 term-limited states with 2010 elections.

    The Republican Party had more members impacted by term limits in the 2010 state legislative elections than the Democratic Party, both in terms of how many individual incumbent legislators the Republican Party lost (190, versus 182 for the Democratic Party) and in terms of how many state legislative chambers lost more Republicans (13, versus 10 for the Democratic Party).

    Incumbents

    The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2010 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

    2010 term-limited incumbents
    Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
    Democratic 54 128 182
    Republican 66 124 190
    Nonpartisan 1 2 3
    Total 121 254 375

    Chambers

    The following table detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2010.

    2010 chambers with the most losses
    Party Senates with most losses Houses with most losses Total
    Democratic 4 6 10
    Republican 7 6 13
    Equal D/R losses 2 1 3
    Total 13 13 26

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Arkansas House and California Assembly were up for election in 2022 and have term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2022. In the two chambers, a total of 180 seats were up for election in 2022.
    2. ↑ Some of the 252 term-limited state legislators in 2022 may have resigned before their term ends. These legislators were still counted in the total number of term-limited legislators in 2022.
    3. ↑ Louisiana holds state legislative elections every four years in odd-numbered years.
    4. ↑ The Nebraska Senate is officially nonpartisan, but is held by the Republican Party. One Republican, four Democrats, and one independent were term-limited in 2022. For more information on how Ballotpedia determined the partisan affiliation for Nebraska senators, please click here.
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 The Arkansas House of Representatives and California State Assembly were both up for election in 2022 and have term limits, but no representatives were impacted by term limits in 2022.
    6. ↑ Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2018 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party.
    7. ↑ Google Spreadsheet, "Post-election term limits results, 2018," accessed April 25, 2019
    8. ↑ Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2018 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party. The Nebraska senators were counted as major party incumbents in the post-election results.
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