Oklahoma elections, 2014
2015 →
← 2013
|
The state of Oklahoma held elections in 2014. Below are the dates of note:
2014 elections and events in Oklahoma | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
School board elections (13) | February 11, 2014 | |||
Filing deadline for all candidates | April 11, 2014 | |||
Voter registration deadline for primary election | May 30, 2014 | |||
Primary election date | June 24, 2014 | |||
U.S. Senate special election (primary) | June 24, 2014 | |||
State Senate special election (primary) | June 24, 2014 | |||
State primary runoff election | August 26, 2014 | |||
Petition drive deadline for ballot measures | September 5, 2014 | |||
Voter registration deadline for general election | October 10, 2014 | |||
General election date | November 4, 2014 | |||
Statewide ballot measures | November 4, 2014 | |||
State Senate special election (general) | November 4, 2014 | |||
U.S. Senate special election (general) | November 4, 2014 |
Below are the types of elections that were scheduled in Oklahoma in 2014:
2014 elections
Races to watch in Oklahoma
Oklahoma State Legislature
Elections for the Oklahoma State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 24, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was April 11, 2014. Heading into the election, the Republican Party controlled the chamber. The following table details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6, 2012, general election.
2012 Margin of Victory, Oklahoma State Senate | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
District | Winner | Margin of Victory | Total Votes | Top Opponent |
District 7 | 7.7% | 26,388 | J. Paul Lane | |
District 3 | 8.5% | 24,715 | Jim Bynum | |
District 39 | 13.8% | 33,416 | Julie Hall | |
District 15 | 23.1% | 30,530 | Claudia Griffith | |
District 5 | 33.1% | 23,930 | Howard Houchen | |
District 31 | 35.6% | 23,313 | Tony Terrill | |
District 9 | 39.4% | 24,667 | Barney S Taylor | |
District 43 | 41.4% | 29,731 | Mike Fullerton | |
District 13 | 51.7% | 26,161 | Fred E Smith | |
District 41 | 58.8% | 34,529 | Richard Prawdzienski |
Elections for the Oklahoma House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 24, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was April 11, 2014. Heading into the election, the Republican Party controlled the chamber. The following table details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6, 2012, general election.
2012 Margin of Victory, Oklahoma House of Representatives | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
District | Winner | Margin of Victory | Total Votes | Top Opponent |
District 45 | 0.1% | 13,590 | Paula Roberts | |
District 56 | 1.1% | 12,064 | Chuck Utsler | |
District 22 | 1.8% | 13,219 | Doris Anne Row | |
District 71 | 6.5% | 13,835 | Dan Arthrell | |
District 2 | 7.5% | 11,753 | Rick Agent | |
District 12 | 7.9% | 13,616 | David Tackett | |
District 14 | 9.7% | 12,550 | Jerry Rains | |
District 87 | 10.7% | 12,744 | Nick Singer | |
District 32 | 14.1% | 13,720 | Keith Kinnamon | |
District 23 | 16.9% | 10,614 | Shawna Keller |
Elections by type
U.S. Senate
U.S. Senate elections in Oklahoma
There were both regular elections and special elections scheduled for the United States congressional delegations from Oklahoma in 2014.
Regularly scheduled elections
Voters in Oklahoma elected one member to the U.S. Senate in the regularly scheduled election on November 4, 2014. Oklahoma also held a special election on November 4, 2014.
Candidate Filing Deadline | Primary Election | General Election |
---|---|---|
Primary: A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. In Oklahoma, the Republican Party conducts a closed primary, in which only registered party members may participate. The Democratic Party holds a semi-closed primary, in which unaffiliated voters may participate.[1]
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
Voter registration: To vote in the primary, voters had to register by May 30, 2014. For the general election, the voter registration deadline was October 10, 2014 (25 days prior to the election).[2]
- See also: Oklahoma elections, 2014
Incumbent: The election filled the Senate seat held by Jim Inhofe (R). Inhofe was first elected in 1994.
Candidates
General election candidates
June 24, 2014, primary results
Special elections by date
* November 4, 2014 *
Oklahoma held a special election for the U.S. Senate in 2014. The general election date was November 4, 2014, where a six-year term was also up for election for the seat held by Jim Inhofe (R).[5][6]
The special election was held to fill the vacancy left by the retirement of Sen. Tom Coburn (R).[5][7]
In November 2013, Coburn's office announced that he was diagnosed with a recurrence of prostate cancer and was undergoing treatment.[8] Coburn announced that he would retire at the end of the 113th Congress, two years before his term was set to end. The governor was not allowed to appoint a replacement, requiring a special election.[9] Coburn said that he would stay in office until the session ended so that his successor could be sworn in with the rest of the new members.[10]
Candidate Filing Deadline | Primary Election | General Election |
---|---|---|
Candidates
General election candidates
August 26, 2014 Democratic runoff primary
- Note: No candidate secured more than 50 percent of the vote in the June 24, 2014, primary election. A runoff primary election was held between the top two candidates.[11]
June 24, 2014, primary results
Failed to file
Kenneth Corn - Former state Senator[19]
Declined to run
Jim Bridenstine - Representative from District 1[14]
Frank Keating - Former Governor of Oklahoma[20][21]
Dan Boren - Former Representative[19]
Jari Askins - Former Lt. Gov.[19]
U.S. House
U.S. House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma
The 2014 U.S. House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma took place on November 4, 2014. Voters elected five candidates to serve in the U.S. House, one from each of the state's five congressional districts.
Candidate Filing Deadline | Primary Election | General Election |
---|---|---|
Primary: A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. In Oklahoma, the Republican Party conducts a closed primary, in which only registered party members may participate. The Democratic Party holds a semi-closed primary, in which unaffiliated voters may participate.[22]
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
Voter registration: To vote in the primary, voters had to register by May 30, 2014. For the general election, the voter registration deadline was October 10, 2014 (25 days prior to the election).[23]
- See also: Oklahoma elections, 2014
Partisan breakdown
Heading into the November 4 election, the Republican Party held all five of the congressional seats from Oklahoma.
Members of the U.S. House from Oklahoma -- Partisan Breakdown | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | As of November 2014 | After the 2014 Election | |
Democratic Party | 0 | 0 | |
Republican Party | 5 | 5 | |
Total | 5 | 5 |
Incumbents
Heading into the 2014 election, the incumbents for the five congressional districts were:
Name | Party | District |
---|---|---|
Jim Bridenstine | 1 | |
Markwayne Mullin | 2 | |
Frank D. Lucas | 3 | |
Tom Cole | 4 | |
James Lankford | 5 |
List of candidates by district
1st Congressional District
General election candidates
Jim Bridenstine - Incumbent
2nd Congressional District
General election candidates
Markwayne Mullin - Incumbent[3]
Earl Everett[3]
Jon Douthitt[4]
June 24, 2014, primary results
|
3rd Congressional District
General election candidates
Frank D. Lucas - Incumbent[3]
Frankie Robbins[4]
June 24, 2014, primary results
|
4th Congressional District
General election candidates
Tom Cole - Incumbent[3]
Bert Smith[3]
Dennis B. Johnson[4]
June 24, 2014, primary results
|
5th Congressional District
General election candidates
Steve Russell - Former state senator
Al McAffrey - State senator
Buddy Ray[4]
Tom Boggs[4]
Robert Murphy[4]
August 26, 2014, Republican runoff primary
- Note: No candidate secured more than 50 percent of the vote in the June 24, 2014, primary election. A runoff primary election was held between the top two candidates.[3]
Steve Russell - Former state senator
[24]
Patrice Douglas - Commissioner of the Oklahoma Corporation Commission
August 26, 2014, Democratic runoff primary
- Note: No candidate secured more than 50 percent of the vote in the June 24, 2014, primary election. A runoff primary election was held between the top two candidates.[3]
Tom Guild
Al McAffrey - State senator
[24]
June 24, 2014, primary results
|
|
State Executives
State executive official elections in Oklahoma
Nine state executive positions were up for election in 2014 in the state of Oklahoma.
The following offices were elected in 2014 in Oklahoma:
- Governor of Oklahoma
- Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma
- Oklahoma Attorney General
- Oklahoma Treasurer
- Oklahoma Auditor
- Oklahoma Superintendent
- Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner
- Oklahoma Labor Commissioner
- Corporation Commission (1 seat)
List of candidates by office
Governor
Mary Fallin - Incumbent[29][30]
Joe Dorman - State representative[31]
Richard Prawdzienski - Former chair of the Oklahoma Libertarian Party[32]
Kimberly Willis[33]
Lost in primary
Removed from ballot
Withdrawn
Randy Brogdon - Former state senator[35][36]
RJ Harris - Businessman, 2012 Independent candidate for Congress[37][38]
Lieutenant Governor
Todd Lamb - Incumbent[39]
Cathy Cummings[40]
Attorney General
Scott Pruitt - Incumbent[41]
Down ballot offices
Office | Incumbent | Assumed Office | Incumbent running? | General Election Candidates | 2015 Winner | Partisan Switch? |
Treasurer | Ken Miller |
2011 | Yes[33] | No | ||
State Auditor and Inspector | Gary Jones |
2011 | Yes[33] | No | ||
Superintendent of Public Instruction | Janet Barresi |
2011 | Defeated in primary[42] | No | ||
Commissioner of Insurance | John Doak |
2007 | Yes[43] | No | ||
Commissioner of Labor | Mark Costello |
2011 | Yes[33] | No | ||
Corporation Commission | Patrice Douglas |
2011 | No[44] | No |
State Senate
State Senate election in Oklahoma
Elections for the Oklahoma State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 24, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was April 11, 2014.
Majority control
- See also: Partisan composition of state senates
Heading into the November 4 election, the Republican Party held the majority in the Oklahoma State Senate:
Oklahoma State Senate | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | As of November 3, 2014 | After November 4, 2014 | |
Democratic Party | 12 | 8 | |
Republican Party | 36 | 40 | |
Total | 48 | 48 |
List of candidates by district
District 2 • District 4 • District 6 • District 8 • District 10 • District 12 • District 14 • District 16 • District 18 • District 20 • District 22 • District 24 • District 26 • District 28 • District 30 • District 32 • District 34 • District 36 • District 38 • District 40 • District 42 • District 44• District 46 • District 48
State House
State House elections in Oklahoma
Elections for the Oklahoma House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 24, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was April 11, 2014.
Majority control
- See also: Partisan composition of state senates
Heading into the November 4 election, the Republican Party held the majority in the Oklahoma House of Representatives:
Oklahoma House of Representatives | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | As of November 3, 2014 | After November 4, 2014 | |
Democratic Party | 29 | 29 | |
Republican Party | 72 | 72 | |
Total | 101 | 101 |
List of candidates by district
District 1 • District 2 • District 3 • District 4 • District 5 • District 6 • District 7 • District 8 • District 9 • District 10 • District 11 • District 12 • District 13 • District 14 • District 15 • District 16 • District 17 • District 18 • District 19 • District 20 • District 21 • District 22 • District 23 • District 24 • District 25 • District 26 • District 27 • District 28 • District 29 • District 30 • District 31 • District 32 • District 33 • District 34 • District 35 • District 36 • District 37 • District 38 • District 39 • District 40 • District 41 • District 42 • District 43 • District 44 • District 45 • District 46 • District 47 • District 48 • District 49 • District 50 • District 51 • District 52 • District 53 • District 54 • District 55 • District 56 • District 57 • District 58 • District 59 • District 60 • District 61 • District 62 • District 63 • District 64 • District 65 • District 66 • District 67 • District 68 • District 69 • District 70 • District 71 • District 72 • District 73 • District 74 • District 75 • District 76 • District 77 • District 78 • District 79 • District 80 • District 81 • District 82 • District 83 • District 84 • District 85 • District 86 • District 87 • District 88 • District 89 • District 90 • District 91 • District 92 • District 93 • District 94 • District 95 • District 96 • District 97 • District 98 • District 99 • District 100 • District 101
Statewide ballot measures
Statewide ballot measure elections in Oklahoma
- See also: Oklahoma 2014 ballot measures and 2014 ballot measures
Three ballot measures were certified for the 2014 ballot in the state of Oklahoma.
On the ballot
November 4:
Type | Title | Subject | Description | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
LRCA | State Question 769 | Admin of Gov't | Guarantees that public officials can also serve as officers and members of the National Guard, Oklahoma State Guard and Officers Reserve Corps | |
LRCA | State Question 770 | Veterans | Permits a disabled veteran to sell his or her homestead and acquire another homestead property while keeping the homestead tax exemption | |
LRCA | State Question 771 | Veterans | Establishes a homestead exemption for the surviving spouse of military personnel who die in the line of duty |
School boards
School board elections in Oklahoma
In 2014, 670 of America's largest school districts held elections for 2,188 seats. These elections took place in 37 states.
State elections
A total of 13 Oklahoma school districts among America's largest school districts by enrollment held elections in 2014 for 16 seats. Each district held elections on February 11, 2014.
Here are several quick facts about Oklahoma's school board elections in 2014:
- An average of 1.31 candidates ran for each board seat up for election in 2014 in Oklahoma’s largest school districts by enrollment, which was lower than the national average of 1.89 candidates per seat.
- 62.50 percent of the school board seats on the ballot in 2014 were unopposed. This was a higher percentage than the 32.57 percent of school board seats that were unopposed nationally.
- 62.50 percent of the incumbents whose seats were on the ballot ran for re-election in 2014, and they retained half of the total seats up for election.
- Seven newcomers were elected to school boards in Oklahoma. They took 43.75 percent of the total seats in 2014, which was higher than the 38.19 percent of school board seats that went to newcomers nationally.
- One school board seat in Oklahoma was not filled in the 2014 elections as no one filed to run for it.
- The largest school district by enrollment with an election in 2014 was Oklahoma City Public Schools with 42,989 K-12 students.
- The smallest school district by enrollment with an election in 2014 was Owasso Public Schools with 9,143 K-12 students.
- Mustang Public Schools, Oklahoma City Public Schools and Tulsa Public Schools had the most seats on the ballot in 2014 with two seats up for election in each district.
- Ten districts were tied for the fewest seats on the ballot in 2014 with one seat up for election in each district.
The districts listed below served 253,114 K-12 students during the 2010-2011 school year, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.[45] Click on the district names for more information on the district and its school board elections.
2014 Oklahoma School Board Elections | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
District | Date | Seats up for election | Total board seats | Student enrollment |
Broken Arrow Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 16,732 |
Edmond Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 21,344 |
Jenks Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 10,371 |
Lawton Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 16,199 |
Midwest City-Del City Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 14,753 |
Moore Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 22,226 |
Mustang Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 2 | 5 | 9,213 |
Norman Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 14,644 |
Oklahoma City Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 2 | 8 | 42,989 |
Owasso Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 9,143 |
Putnam City Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 19,068 |
Tulsa Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 2 | 7 | 41,501 |
Union Public Schools | 2/11/2014 | 1 | 5 | 14,931 |
Voting in Oklahoma
- See also: Voting in Oklahoma
Important voting information
- A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. In Oklahoma, the Republican Party conducts a closed primary, in which only registered party members may participate. The Democratic Party holds a semi-closed primary, in which unaffiliated voters may participate.[46]
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
- In April 2015, Oklahoma passed legislation authorizing an online voter registration system. The law took effect on November 1, 2015.[47][48]
Voting absentee
- See also: Absentee voting by state
For information about eligibility, deadlines, military and overseas voting and updates to the voting laws in Oklahoma, please visit our absentee voting by state page.
Voting early
- See also: Early voting
Oklahoma is one of 34 states that have early voting with no specific requirements as to who can vote early. Early voting is held on the Thursday and Friday (and Saturday for state and federal elections only) immediately preceding Election Day.The average number of days prior to an election that voters can cast an early ballot is 21 days in states with a definitive starting date.[49]
Elections Performance Index
Oklahoma ranked 46th out of the 50 states and District of Columbia in the Pew Charitable Trusts' Elections Performance Index (EPI), based on the 2012 elections. The EPI examined election administration performance and assigned an average percentage score based on 17 indicators of election performance. These indicators were chosen in order to determine both the convenience and integrity of these three phases of an election: registration, voting and counting. Oklahoma received an overall score of 52 percent.[50]
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ Oklahoma State Election Board Website, "Voter Registration in Oklahoma," accessed April 27, 2023
- ↑ Oklahoma State Election Board Website, "Voter Registration in Oklahoma," accessed January 3, 2014
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Associated Press, "Oklahoma - Summary Vote Results," accessed June 24, 2014
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 Ok.gov, "Candidates for Federal, State and Legislative Offices," accessed June 13, 2014 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "ok" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "ok" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "ok" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Roll Call, "Special Election Dates Set to Replace Coburn," accessed January 18, 2014
- ↑ Kfor.com, "Oklahoma will hold special election to fill Coburn’s U.S. Senate seat after retirement," accessed January 18, 2014
- ↑ The City Wire, "Oklahoma Sen. Coburn announces resignation, special election set," accessed January 18, 2014
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Coburn diagnosed with prostate cancer," accessed November 8, 2013
- ↑ The Hill, "Okla. Sen. Coburn to retire at end of 2014," accessed January 17, 2014
- ↑ News OK.com, "Oklahoma Gov. Mary Fallin sets special election to replace Sen. Tom Coburn," accessed January 18, 2014
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Associated Press, "Oklahoma - Summary Vote Results," accessed June 24, 2014
- ↑ Associated Press, "Oklahoma - Summary Vote Results," accessed August 26, 2014
- ↑ Politico, "James Lankford announces Senate bid," accessed January 20, 2014
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Politico, "Jim Bridenstine says no to Senate run," accessed January 29, 2014
- ↑ The Hill, "Oklahoma House Speaker moving toward Senate bid," accessed January 22, 2014
- ↑ Jason Weger for Senate, "Intro," accessed January 30, 2014
- ↑ News on 6, "Oklahoma Professor Announces Plans To Run For Senate," accessed March 13, 2014
- ↑ Randy Brogdon for Senate, "Brogdon Seeks Senate Seat, McConnell’s Removal," accessed March 19, 2014
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Sun Herald, "Dems say 'no' to run for Okla's US Senate seat," accessed January 22, 2014
- ↑ Politico, "Frank Keating won’t seek Tom Coburn’s seat," accessed January 27, 2014
- ↑ Politico, "Frank Keating considers running for Tom Coburn’s seat," accessed January 24, 2014
- ↑ Oklahoma State Election Board Website, "Voter Registration in Oklahoma," accessed April 27, 2023
- ↑ Oklahoma State Election Board Website, "Voter Registration in Oklahoma," accessed January 3, 2014
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Associated Press, "Oklahoma - Summary Vote Results," accessed August 26, 2014
- ↑ News 9, "OK Corporation Commission Chairman To Enter US House Race," accessed January 23, 2014
- ↑ Harvey Sparks for Congress, "Home," accessed March 19, 2014
- ↑ Steve Russell for Congress, "Home," accessed May 5, 2014
- ↑ Campaign website, "Home," accessed February 20, 2014
- ↑ Oklahomans for Ballot Access Reform, "Governor Mary Fallin Has Made Moves Toward A Re-election Bid; Who Will Oppose Her?" July 10, 2013
- ↑ Tulsa World, "Oklahoma Gov. Mary Fallin kicks off re-election campaign," October 18, 2013
- ↑ KFOR, "Rep. Joe Dorman to explore run for governor," December 17, 2013
- ↑ Oklahomans For Ballot Access Reform, "Richard Prawdzienski Announces Independent Bid For Governor’s Seat," February 25, 2014
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 Oklahoma State Election Board, "Candidates for Federal, State, Legislative and Judicial Offices," April 14, 2014 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "filing" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ KJRH Tulsa, "Guilty plea disqualifies independent candidate Joe Sills from Oklahoma governor race," April 21, 2014
- ↑ Tulsa World, "Randy Brogdon to make another run for governor," December 30, 2013
- ↑ NewsOK, "Randy Brogdon dissolves Oklahoma gubernatorial race corporation," February 20, 2014
- ↑ RJ Harris, "RJ Harris for Oklahoma Governor," August 8, 2013
- ↑ NewsOK, "R.J. Harris, Democratic candidate for Oklahoma governor, drops out of race," January 23, 2014
- ↑ The Oklahoman, "Slow election year shaping up for 2014 in Oklahoma," August 8, 2013
- ↑ DemoOkie, "Cathy Cummings to run for Lieutenant Governor with a video," December 2, 2012
- ↑ Tulsa World, "Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt to seek re-election," July 29, 2013 (dead link)
- ↑ Janet Barresi, "Campaign website," accessed January 16, 2013
- ↑ NewsOK, "Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner John Doak seeks re-election," November 7, 2013
- ↑ News9, "OK Corporation Commission Chairman To Enter US House Race," January 23, 2014
- ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, "Elementary/Secondary Information System," accessed March 21, 2014
- ↑ Oklahoma State Election Board Website, "Voter Registration in Oklahoma," accessed April 27, 2023
- ↑ NewsOK, "Oklahoma voter registration soon will be available online," June 16, 2015
- ↑ News 9, "Oklahoma Will Soon Allow Online Voter Registration," October 5, 2015
- ↑ Oklahoma State Election Board, "Early Voting," accessed December 16, 2013
- ↑ Pew Charitable Trusts, "Election Performance Index Report," accessed April 23, 2014
State of Oklahoma Oklahoma City (capital) | |
---|---|
Elections |
What's on my ballot? | Elections in 2025 | How to vote | How to run for office | Ballot measures |
Government |
Who represents me? | U.S. President | U.S. Congress | Federal courts | State executives | State legislature | State and local courts | Counties | Cities | School districts | Public policy |