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Donald Trump presidential administration, 2025

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Trump Administration
(second term)
Donald Trump • J.D. Vance
Administration: Donald Trump's Cabinet • Confirmation process for Cabinet nominees • Confirmation votes by senator • Executive orders and actions • Key legislation • Vetoes • White House staff • Ambassadors • Special envoys • Multistate lawsuits • Supreme Court emergency orders
Transition: Transition • What happens during a presidential transition? • Certification of electoral votes • 2024 presidential election
First term: Transition • Confirmation process for Cabinet nominees • Cabinet • Administration

President Donald Trump (R) was inaugurated for his second term as the 47th president of the United States on January 20, 2025. He serves with Vice President J.D. Vance (R), a former senator from Ohio.

This page provides an overview of Trump's second presidential administration, including top officials and personnel and key executive and legislative actions.

It features the following sections:

Donald Trump's Cabinet

See also: Donald Trump's Cabinet, 2025 and Confirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2025

President Donald Trump (R) identified candidates for 15 executive agency positions that comprise the president's Cabinet. This tradition is rooted in Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution, which states that the president "may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices."[1]

The vice president and several other administrators, directors, and representatives are also part of the Cabinet. Click here for an overview of Trump's Cabinet members.

The following individuals are members of Trump's Cabinet. They have either been confirmed by the U.S. Senate or hold a position that does not require Senate confirmation.


J.D. Vance
Vice President
Marco Rubio
Secretary of State
Scott Bessent
Secretary of the Treasury
Pete Hegseth
Secretary of Defense

Pam Bondi
Attorney General
Doug Burgum
Secretary of the Interior
Brooke Rollins
Secretary of Agriculture
Howard Lutnick
Secretary of Commerce

Lori Chavez-DeRemer
Secretary of Labor
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Secretary of Health and Human Services
Scott Turner
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Sean Duffy
Secretary of Transportation

Chris Wright
Secretary of Energy
Linda McMahon
Secretary of Education
Doug Collins
Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Kristi Noem
Secretary of Homeland Security

Tulsi Gabbard
Director of National Intelligence
Jamieson Greer
U.S. Trade Representative
Kelly Loeffler
Administrator of the Small Business Administration
Lee Zeldin
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency

Russell Vought
Director of the Office of Management and Budget
John Ratcliffe
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
Susie Wiles
White House Chief of Staff

Nominees awaiting confirmation


Key legislation

This section provides overviews of key federal legislation considered during the second Trump administration. To be included, the bill must have met several of the following qualifying factors:

  • Collaboration between the president and congressional leadership on the bill
  • Use of the reconciliation process to pass the bill
  • Changes to the congressional procedure to pass the bill
  • Estimated cost of the bill as evaluated by the Congressional Budget Office
  • Extent of public relations campaign to promote the bill
  • Domestic and international policy ramifications

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

See also: One Big Beautiful Bill Act

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act was a federal budget reconciliation bill signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 4, 2025, addressing tax policy, border security and immigration, defense, energy production, the debt limit, and adjustments to SNAP and Medicaid. The Senate passed the bill in a 51-50 vote on July 1, with Vice President J.D. Vance (R) casting the tie-breaking vote in favor of the bill. It cleared the United States House of Representatives on July 3, 2025, in a 218-214 vote.[2][3]

Features of the bill included:[4][5][6][7][8]

  • Extending tax reductions enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018 and repealing Inflation Reduction Act tax credits for electric vehicles and renewable energy
  • Establishing a private school choice tax credit policy, new temporary tax reductions on tips and overtime, increasing the standard deduction, and establishing a temporary child tax credit
  • Reducing federal funding for Medicaid by about $930 billion
  • Around $150 billion in border security and immigration funding
  • Reducing federal funding for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) by around $285 billion
  • Around $150 billion increase in funding for the Defense Department and national security
  • Raising the debt ceiling by $5 trillion

The bill's official title became An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14. on July 1, ahead of the Senate vote. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) invoked the Byrd Rule to remove the original bill title, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, since giving the bill a title did not directly pertain to budgetary matters.[9] This last occurred in 2022, when Senate Republicans removed the bill title of the Inflation Reduction Act.[10]

Before this bill was proposed, the House and the Senate voted to approve the budget resolution framework for this bill in April 2025. The Senate voted 51-48 to adopt the resolution on April 5, 2025.[11] On April 10, the House voted 216-214 in favor of the resolution. To read more about budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 U.S. Congress reconciliation process, click here.

The bill was passed through the budget reconciliation process, which provides a procedural path around the supermajority requirement in the Senate. It was created by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 to facilitate a quicker process for reviewing and passing certain bills related to spending, revenues, and debt. This process is not subject to the filibuster and only requires a simple majority vote.[12]

Budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 U.S. Congress reconciliation process

See also: Budget resolutions proposed during the 2025 U.S. Congress reconciliation process

Budget resolutions are resolutions that broadly outline spending priorities for a reconciliation bill. The Senate and the House adopting identical budget resolutions is the first step in the reconciliation process.[13] Budget reconciliation is a legislative process that can be used to override the filibuster and expedite the approval of a package of legislation in Congress that changes spending, revenues, or the debt limit.

The House voted 217-215 on February 25, 2025, to adopt the initial version of the budget resolution (H.Con.Res.14) that included border, defense, and energy spending, along with tax reductions to replace the expiring tax policy from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018.[14] There were 217 Republicans who voted in favor of the resolution, while Rep. Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) and 214 Democrats voted against the resolution.[15]

The Senate voted 51-48 to adopt an amended version of H.Con.Res.14 on April 5, 2025. The amended version also included a debt ceiling increase.[16] On April 10, the House voted to adopt the Senate-amended version of HCon.Res.14, completing the budget resolution process. The House voted 216-214 in favor of the resolution, with Reps. Victoria Spartz (R-Ind.) and Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) joining 212 Democrats in voting against the resolution.

The Senate had previously voted 52-48 to approve a version of the fiscal year 2025 budget resolution (S.Con.Res.7) focused primarily on border, defense, and energy spending in February.[17]

Trump's executive orders and actions

See also: Donald Trump's executive orders and actions, 2025

As of September 9, 2025, President Donald Trump (R) had signed 202 executive orders, 49 memoranda, and 83 proclamations in his second presidential term, which began on January 20, 2025.

Each type of presidential document is different in authority and implementation. Executive orders are directives the president writes to officials within the executive branch requiring them to take or stop some action related to policy or management. They are numbered, published in the Federal Register, cite the authority by which the president is making the order, and the Office of Management and Budget issues budgetary impact analyses for each order.[18][19]

Presidential memoranda and notices also include instructions directed at executive officials, but they are neither numbered nor have the same publication requirements. The Office of Management and Budget is also not required to issue a budgetary impact statement on the subject of the memoranda or notices.[20][21]

In his 2014 book, By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action, Phillip J. Cooper, a professor of public administration at Portland State University, wrote, "As a practical matter, the memorandum is now being used as the equivalent of an executive order, but without meeting the legal requirements for an executive order."[22]

Proclamations are a third type of executive directive that typically relate to private individuals or ceremonial events, such as holidays and commemorations.[20][23]

HIGHLIGHTS
  • Trump has issued 202 executive orders so far during his year in office, which is the highest first-year executive order total since Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D), who issued 568 executive orders in 1933.
  • Looking at his second term executive orders by topic, Trump has issued the most executive orders on foreign policy (52).
  • Across his first and second terms, Trump has issued a total of 422 executive orders. This is the tenth-most executive orders issued by any president in U.S. history.


    • Click here for a complete list of Trump's executive actions.

    Federal judges nominated by Donald Trump

    See also: Federal judges nominated by Donald Trump

    Since taking office for his second term, President Donald Trump (R) has nominated 24 individuals to federal judgeships on Article III courts. As of August 4, 2025, five of the nominees were confirmed.

    During his first term in office, President Donald Trump (R) nominated 274 individuals to federal judgeships. Trump made 245 judicial appointments.[24] Of those appointments, 234 were Article III judges.[25] Trump withdrew eight nominees and 143 received no vote from the Senate.[26]

    Ballotpedia publishes the federal vacancy count report tracking vacancies, nominations, and confirmations to all United States Article III federal courts each month. In the most recent report covering activity in September 2025, there were 50 Article III vacancies in the federal judiciary. To learn more about current vacancies in the federal judiciary, click here.

    The sections below group Trump's Article III judicial nominees by which step of the process they are on: confirmed by the U.S. Senate, awaiting a vote by the full Senate, awaiting a vote in committee, and awaiting a hearing before the committee. Click the arrows at the top of each table to sort by name, court, or the date of an individual's formal nomination. For a list of non-Article III nominees, click here.

    Confirmed to their positions

    Nominees in this table have been confirmed by the full United States Senate. So far, 5 Trump nominees have been confirmed by the Senate.

    NomineeCourtFirst nomination
    Cristian M. StevensUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of MissouriMay 12, 2025
    Zachary BluestoneUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of MissouriMay 12, 2025
    Whitney HermandorferUnited States Court of Appeals for the Sixth CircuitMay 12, 2025
    Joshua Divine (Missouri)United States District Court for the Eastern District of MissouriMay 12, 2025
    Emil BoveUnited States Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitJune 16, 2025

    Waiting for vote in Senate

    Nominees in this table are awaiting a vote in the full United States Senate following committee consideration. Number of nominees awaiting a Senate vote: 5

    NomineeCourtFirst nomination
    Maria LanahanUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of MissouriMay 12, 2025
    Jordan PrattUnited States District Court for the Middle District of FloridaJune 16, 2025
    Edward ArtauUnited States District Court for the Southern District of FloridaJune 16, 2025
    Anne-Leigh Gaylord MoeUnited States District Court for the Middle District of FloridaJune 16, 2025
    Kyle DudekUnited States District Court for the Middle District of FloridaJune 16, 2025

    Waiting for committee vote

    The nominees in this table are awaiting a vote in the appropriate U.S. Senate committee following the hearing. Number of nominees awaiting a vote: 4

    NomineeCourtFirst nomination
    Chad MeredithUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of KentuckyJune 23, 2025
    Joshua D. DunlapUnited States Court of Appeals for the First CircuitJuly 15, 2025
    Bill MercerUnited States District Court for the District of MontanaJuly 15, 2025
    Eric TungUnited States Court of Appeals for the Ninth CircuitJuly 15, 2025

    Waiting for committee hearing

    Note: Individuals without a date in the "first nomination" column have been announced as nominees by Trump but not yet formally nominated.

    The nominees in this table are awaiting hearing in a U.S. Senate committee. Number of nominees awaiting hearing: 12

    NomineeCourtFirst nomination
    John GuardUnited States District Court for the Middle District of FloridaJune 16, 2025
    Rebecca TaiblesonUnited States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
    Lindsey FreemanUnited States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina
    David BragdonUnited States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina
    Matthew OrsoUnited States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina
    Susan RodriguezUnited States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina
    Jimmy MaxwellUnited States District Court for the Northern District of MississippiSeptember 2, 2025
    Robert ChamberlinUnited States District Court for the Northern District of MississippiSeptember 2, 2025
    Edmund LaCourUnited States District Court for the Northern District of AlabamaSeptember 2, 2025
    Jennifer MascottUnited States Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitSeptember 2, 2025
    Harold MootyUnited States District Court for the Northern District of AlabamaSeptember 2, 2025
    Bill LewisUnited States District Court for the Middle District of AlabamaSeptember 2, 2025

    Presidential and congressional approval ratings

    See also: Ballotpedia's Polling Indexes

    April 2025 (click to expand)





    • December 25, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Kevin Marino Cabrera as U.S. ambassador to Panama.[103]
    • December 24, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Somers Farkas as U.S. ambassador to Malta and John Arrigo as U.S. ambassador to Portugal.[104][105]
    • December 22, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Stephen Miran to chair the Council of Economic Advisers, Mauricio Claver-Carone as special envoy to Latin America, Callista Gingrich as U.S. ambassador to Switzerland, Ken Howery as U.S. ambassador to Denmark, Michael J.K. Kratsios as the director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Trump announced he would appoint Bo Hines as executive director of the Presidential Council of Advisers for Digital Assets, Scott Kupor as director of the Office of Personnel Management.[106][107][108][109][110][111]
    • December 21, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Mark Burnett as special envoy to the United Kingdom and Tilman Fertitta as U.S. ambassador to Italy.[112][113]
    • December 20, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Brian Burch as U.S. ambassador to the Vatican.[114]
    • December 17, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Nicole McGraw as U.S. ambassador to Croatia and Herschel Walker as U.S. ambassador to the Bahamas.[115][116]
    • December 16, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Lou Rinaldi as U.S. ambassador to Uruguay, George Glass as U.S. ambassador to Japan, Stacey Feinberg as U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg, Arthur Fisher as U.S. ambassador to Austria, and Leah Campos as U.S. ambassador to the Dominican Republic.[117][118][119][120][121]
    • December 14, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Edward Walsh to serve as U.S. ambassador to Ireland and Bill White as U.S. ambassador to Belgium, .[122][123]
    • December 11, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Daniel Newlin to serve as U.S. ambassador to Colombia, Peter Lamelas as U.S. ambassador to Argentina, and Leandro Rizzuto as U.S. ambassador to the OAS.[124][125][126]
    • December 10, 2024: Trump announced he would appoint Andrew Ferguson to serve as the chairman of the Federal Trade Commission and nominate outgoing U.S. Rep. Dan Bishop (R-N.C.) as deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget.[127][128]
    • December 8, 2024: Trump announced he would appoint Alina Habba to serve as a counselor to the president.[129]
    • December 5, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate former U.S. Sen. David Perdue (R-Ga.) as U.S. ambassador to China and Rodney Scott as commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Trump also announced he would appoint David Sacks as White House Artificial Intelligence and Crypto Czar.[130][131][132]
    • December 4, 2024:
      • Trump announced he would nominate former U.S. Sen. Kelly Loeffler (R-Ga.) as administrator of the Small Business Administration.[133]
      • Trump announced he would appoint Peter Navarro as a senior counselor for trade and manufacturing, Adam Boehler as special envoy for hostage affairs, David A. Warrington as leader of the Office of the White House Counsel, and Billy Long as commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service. Trump also announced he would nominate Daniel Driscoll for secretary of the Army, Jared Isaacman for National Aeronautics and Space Administration administrator, and Paul Atkins for chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission.[134][135][136][137][138][139]
    • December 3, 2024:
      • The Trump transition team announced it had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the U.S. Department of Justice.[140]
      • Chad Chronister withdrew from consideration as administrator of the Drug Enforcement Agency.[141]
    • December 1, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Warren Stephens as U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom and appoint Massad Boulous as senior advisor on Arab and Middle Eastern Affairs.[142]

    • November 30, 2024: Trump announced he would appoint Kash Patel as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and nominate Chad Chronister as administrator of the Drug Enforcement Agency.[143][144]
    • November 27, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Keith Kellogg as special envoy for Ukraine and Russia.[145]
    • November 26, 2024:
      • Trump's transition team announced it had signed a memorandum of understanding with the Joe Biden White House. In a statement, Trump's upcoming chief of staff Susie Wiles said, "This engagement allows our intended Cabinet nominees to begin critical preparations, including the deployment of landing teams to every department and agency, and complete the orderly transition of power."[146]
      • Trump announced he would nominate Jamieson Greer as U.S. trade representative.[147]
      • Trump announced he would appoint Vince Haley as the director of the Domestic Policy Council, Kevin Hassett as director of the White House National Economic Council and John Phelan as Secretary of the Navy.[148][149][150][151]
    • November 25, 2024: Trump announced he would appoint James Braid as director of the Office of Legislative Affairs, Matt Brasseaux as director of the Office of Political Affairs, and Alex Latcham as director of the Office of Public Liason.[152]
    • November 23, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate Brooke Rollins for secretary of Agriculture.[153]
    • November 22, 2024:
      • Trump announced he would nominate Scott Bessent for secretary of the Treasury, Russell Vought as director of the Office of Management and Budget, and Lori Chavez-DeRemer for secretary of Labor.[154][155][156]
      • Trump announced he would appoint Alex Wong as principal deputy national security advisor, Sebastian Gorka as senior director for counterterrorism, and Janette Nesheiwat as surgeon general. He announced he would nominate Dave Weldon for director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Marty Makary for Food and Drug Administration Commissioner.[157][158][159][160]
    • November 21, 2024
      • Matt Gaetz, Trump's first announced nominee for attorney general, withdrew from consideration for the position.[161]
      • Trump announced former Florida Attorney General Pam Bondi (R) as his nominee for U.S. attorney general.[162]
    • November 20, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate former acting Attorney General Matt Whitaker for U.S. ambassador to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and former U.S. Rep. Pete Hoekstra as U.S. ambassador to Canada.[163][164]
    • November 19, 2024:
    • November 18, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate former U.S. Rep. Sean Duffy (R-Wis.) as secretary of Transportation.[168]
    • November 17, 2024: Trump announced that he would select Brendan Carr as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission.[169]
    • November 16, 2024:
      • Trump announced he would nominate Chris Wright as secretary of Energy.[170]
      • Trump announced he would appoint Owen Scharf as White House Staff Secretary.[171]
    • November 15, 2024:
      • Trump announced he would nominate North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum (R) for secretary of the Interior, .[172]
      • Trump announced Steven Cheung would be appointed as director of communications, Sergio Gor would be appointed as director of the Presidential Personnel Office, Karoline Leavitt would be appointed as press secretary.[173][174]
    • November 14, 2024:
      • Trump announced he would nominate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as secretary of Health and Human Services and former U.S. Rep. Doug Collins (R-Ga.) as secretary of Veterans Affairs.[175][176]
      • Trump announced he would nominate Jay Clayton to serve as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, Todd Blanche to serve as deputy attorney general, and Dean Sauer as solicitor general.[177][178][179]
    • November 13, 2024:
      • Trump met with President Joe Biden (D) at the White House, and spoke to the House Republican Conference at a meeting in Washington, D.C..[180]
      • Trump announced he would nominate U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) as secretary of State, former U.S. Rep. Tulsi Gabbard as Director of National Intelligence, and U.S. Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.) as attorney general.[181][182][183]
      • Trump announced he would appoint Dan Scavino as assistant to the president and deputy chief of staff, Stephen Miller as assistant to the president, deputy chief of staff for policy, and homeland security advisor, James Blair as assistant to the president and deputy chief of staff for legislative, political, and public affairs, and Taylor Budowich as assistant to the president and deputy chief of staff for communications and personnel.[184]
    • November 12, 2024:
    • November 11, 2024: Trump announced he would nominate former U.S. Rep. Lee Zeldin (R-N.Y.) to serve as administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Rep. Elise Stefanik (R-N.Y.) to serve as Ambassador to the United Nations.[193][194]
    • November 7, 2024: Trump announced he would appoint his 2024 co-campaign manager Susie Wiles to serve as White House chief of staff.[195]

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Constitution Center, "Presidential Advisors," accessed November 18, 2020
    2. ↑ Politico, "Inside Congress Live," July 3, 2025
    3. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1 - One Big Beautiful Bill Act," accessed July 3, 2025
    4. ↑ The New York Times, "A List of Nearly Everything in the Senate G.O.P. Bill, and How Much It Would Cost or Save," July 1, 2025
    5. ↑ The Hill, "What made the cut in Senate’s nearly 1,000-page policy megabill?" July 1, 2025
    6. ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "What’s in the Trump Tax Bill Passed by the Senate?" July 1, 2025
    7. ↑ CBS News, "Here's what's in Trump's "big, beautiful bill" that passed the Senate," July 1, 2025
    8. ↑ NBC News, "Here's what's in the Senate's version of the 'big, beautiful bill,'" July 1, 2025
    9. ↑ Politico, "Dems delete the ‘Big Beautiful Bill,’" July 1, 2025
    10. ↑ Politico, "GOP megabill may not be ‘One Big Beautiful Bill’ for long," June 24, 2025
    11. ↑ NPR, "Senate GOP passes budget plan, setting up a critical next phase for Trump agenda," April 7, 2025
    12. ↑ Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, "Introduction to Budget Reconciliation," November 19, 2016
    13. ↑ Congress Research Service Reports at Congress.gov, "The Budget Reconciliation Process: Timing of Legislative Action," December 9, 2024
    14. ↑ Politico, "House Republicans advance their budget after appeasing hard-liners," February 13, 2025
    15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 House.gov, "Roll Call 50," February 26, 2025
    16. ↑ NPR, "Senate GOP passes budget plan, setting up a critical next phase for Trump agenda," April 7, 2025
    17. ↑ Politico, "Capitol agenda: The Senate vote-a-rama is on," February 20, 2025
    18. ↑ Cooper, Phillip. (2014). By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. (pgs. 21-22)
    19. ↑ USA Today, "Presidential memoranda vs. executive orders. What's the difference?" January 24, 2017
    20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Executive Order, "Executive Order, Proclamation, or Executive Memorandum?" accessed January 28, 2021
    21. ↑ National Archives, "Presidential Documents Guide," accessed December 16, 2024
    22. ↑ Cooper, Phillip. (2014). By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. (pg. 120)
    23. ↑ American Bar Association, "What Is an Executive Order?" January 25, 2021
    24. ↑ United States Courts, "Judgeship Appointments by President," accessed January 20, 2021
    25. ↑ Article III judges are appointed by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution. They serve for life.
    26. ↑ Federal Judicial Center, "Unsuccessful Nominations and Recess Appointments," accessed March 23, 2021
    27. ↑ State Litigation and AG Activity Database, "Searchable List of Multistate Lawsuits," accessed July 31, 2025
    28. ↑ Senate.gov, "Occasions When Vice Presidents Have Voted to Break Tie Votes in the Senate," accessed March 30, 2017
    29. ↑ NPR, "House approves budget framework, kickstarting work on Trump's domestic agenda," April 10, 2025
    30. ↑ NPR, "Senate GOP passes budget plan, setting up a critical next phase for Trump agenda," April 7, 2025
    31. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on March 27, 2025," accessed March 27, 2025
    32. ↑ Politico, "Senate confirms Lori Chavez-DeRemer as Labor secretary," March 10, 2025
    33. ↑ The Associated Press, “‘Senate confirms McMahon to lead Education Department as Trump pushes to shut it down" accessed March 3, 2025
    34. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed February 21, 2025
    35. ↑ United States Senate, "Roll Call vote 94," accessed February 26, 2025
    36. ↑ Politico, "Capitol agenda: The Senate vote-a-rama is on," February 20, 2025
    37. ↑ Politico, "Capitol agenda: What you missed in the overnight vote-a-rama," February 21, 2025
    38. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed February 5, 2025
    39. ↑ Senate Press Gallery, "Wednesday, February 19, 2025," February 19, 2025
    40. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed February 5, 2025
    41. ↑ Senate Press Gallery, "Friday, February 14, 2025," accessed February 18, 2025
    42. ↑ NY Times, "Senate Confirms Howard Lutnick as Commerce Secretary," February 18, 2025
    43. ↑ Senate Press Gallery, "Thursday, February 13, 2025," accessed February 13, 2025
    44. ↑ Senate Press Gallery, "Thursday, February 13, 2025," accessed February 13, 2025
    45. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed February 5, 2025
    46. ↑ The New York Times, "How Each Senator Voted to Confirm Tulsi Gabbard as Director of National Intelligence," February 12, 2025
    47. ↑ AP News, "Senate confirms Project 2025 architect Russell Vought to lead powerful White House budget office," February 6, 2025
    48. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 30, 2025
    49. ↑ Politico, "Senate confirms Scott Turner for HUD post," February 5, 2025
    50. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 30, 2025
    51. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 30, 2025
    52. ↑ Politico, "Senate confirms VA Secretary," February 4, 2025
    53. ↑ Axios, "Tulsi Gabbard survives Senate committee vote for intel chief nomination," February 4, 2025
    54. ↑ X, "Senate Press Gallery on February 3, 2025," accessed February 3, 2025
    55. ↑ Senate Press Gallery, "Thursday, January 30, 2025," January 30, 2025
    56. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call Vote 119th Congress - 1st Session," January 31, 2025
    57. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 27, 2025
    58. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 27, 2025
    59. ↑ Roll Call, "Senate panel backs Stefanik as Democrats protest foreign aid pause," January 30, 2025
    60. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 27, 2025
    61. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 27, 2025
    62. ↑ Senate Press Gallery, "Wednesday, January 29, 2025," accessed January 29, 2025
    63. ↑ Politico, "Senate committee advances Trump's pick for AG," January 29, 2025
    64. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 29, 2025
    65. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 27, 2025
    66. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 27, 2025
    67. ↑ Senate Press Gallery, "Senate Schedule," accessed January 27, 2025
    68. ↑ Politico, "Sean Duffy confirmed as Transportation secretary, despite Dem protest votes," January 28, 2025
    69. ↑ Senate Press Gallery, "Senate Schedule," accessed January 27, 2025
    70. ↑ The Hill, "Senate confirms Noem to lead Department of Homeland Security," January 25, 2025
    71. ↑ U.S. Senate Press Gallery, "Friday, January 24, 2025," January 24, 2025
    72. ↑ U.S. Senate Press Gallery, "Thursday, January 23, 2025," January 23, 2025
    73. ↑ United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, "Nomination Hearing," accessed January 16, 2025
    74. ↑ E&E News, "One Democrat breaks with party to support Zeldin," January 23, 2025
    75. ↑ The Hill, "Senate panel overwhelmingly advances Trump pick for VA secretary," January 23, 2025
    76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Politico, "Energy committee sends Trump's Interior, Energy cabinet picks to full Senate," January 23, 2025
    77. ↑ Senate.gov, "Hearings & Meetings," accessed January 21, 2025
    78. ↑ United States Senate Committee on the Budget, "The Nomination of the Honorable Russell T. Vought, of Virginia, to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget," accessed January 16, 2025
    79. ↑ U.S. Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs, "Senate Veterans’ Affairs Committee Postpones Nomination Hearing for Congressman Doug Collins to be VA Secretary," January 13, 2025
    80. ↑ Foreign Relations Committee, "NOMINATIONS," January 21, 2025
    81. ↑ Axios, "Senate confirms Marco Rubio to lead Trump's State Department," January 20, 2025
    82. ↑ Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs, "Nomination of Kristi Noem," accessed January 15, 2025
    83. ↑ Senate Finance Committee, "Hearing to Consider the Anticipated Nomination of Scott Bessent, of South Carolina, to be Secretary of the Treasury," January 10, 2025
    84. ↑ Axios, "What to know about the confirmation hearings for Trump's Cabinet picks this week," January 13, 2025
    85. ↑ United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, "Nomination Hearing," accessed January 13, 2025
    86. ↑ U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, "Hearing on the Nomination of the Honorable Lee M. Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency." accessed January 13, 2025
    87. ↑ Senate Committee on Energy & Natural Resources, "Hearing to Consider the Nomination of the Honorable Doug Burgum to be Secretary of the Interior," accessed January 13, 2025
    88. ↑ U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, "The Nomination of the Honorable Pamela Jo Bondi to be Attorney General of the United States," January 15, 2025
    89. ↑ U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, & Transportation, "Nomination Hearing - U.S. Secretary of Transportation," accessed January 9, 2025
    90. ↑ Foreign Relations Committee, "NOMINATIONS," accessed January 13, 2025
    91. ↑ U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, "Hearings," accessed January 13, 2025
    92. ↑ Senate Committee on Energy & Natural Resources, "Hearing to Consider the Nomination of Mr. Chris Wright to be Secretary of Energy," January 15, 2025
    93. ↑ Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs, "Nomination of Russell Vought," accessed January 13, 2025
    94. ↑ U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services, "To conduct a confirmation hearing on the expected nomination of Mr. Peter B. Hegseth to be Secretary of Defense," accessed January 9, 2025
    95. ↑ Politico, "Senate Finance eyes Jan. 16 hearing for Bessent," January 9, 2025
    96. ↑ Politico, "Trump’s pick for Sweden ambassador didn’t clear the Senate when he nominated her the last time," January 9, 2025
    97. ↑ Politico, "Trump's energy team set for confirmation hearings next week," January 7, 2025
    98. ↑ Punchbowl News, "Senate Republicans eye votes on immigration, Israel," January 7, 2025
    99. ↑ Politico, "Bondi, Rollins, Zeldin set for confirmation hearings next week," January 6, 2025
    100. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on January 3, 2025," accessed January 6, 2025
    101. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on January 2, 2025," accessed January 3, 2025
    102. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on January 2, 2025," accessed January 3, 2025
    103. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 24, 2024," accessed January 3, 2024
    104. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 24, 2024," accessed January 2, 2024
    105. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 24, 2024," accessed January 2, 2024
    106. ↑ Politico, "Stephen Miran is Trump’s pick to lead Council of Economic Advisers," December 22, 2024
    107. ↑ Politico, "Trump taps special envoy to Latin America," December 22, 2024
    108. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 22, 2024," accessed December 23, 2024
    109. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 22, 2024," accessed December 23, 2024
    110. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 22, 2024," accessed December 23, 2024
    111. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 22, 2024," accessed December 23, 2024
    112. ↑ Politico, "Trump names ‘Apprentice’ producer Mark Burnett as special envoy to the UK," December 21, 2024
    113. ↑ Politico, "Trump taps billionaire Houston Rockets owner Tilman Fertitta as Italy ambassador," December 21, 2024
    114. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 20, 2024," accessed December 20, 2024
    115. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 17, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    116. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 17, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    117. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 16, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    118. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 16, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    119. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 16, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    120. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 16, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    121. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 16, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    122. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 14, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    123. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 14, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    124. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 11, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    125. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 11, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    126. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 11, 2024," accessed December 19, 2024
    127. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Andrew N. Ferguson as the next Chair of the Federal Trade Commission," December 10, 2024
    128. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Congressman Dan Bishop from North Carolina as Deputy Director for Budget at the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)," December 10, 2024
    129. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on December 8, 2024," accessed December 9, 2024
    130. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces the Following New Nominees and Appointments to Expand our Homeland Security team," December 5, 2024
    131. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces David O. Sacks as 'White House A.I. & Crypto Czar,'" December 5, 2024
    132. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Former U.S. Senator, David Perdue, as the Next United States Ambassador to the People's Republic of China," December 5, 2024
    133. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Former U.S. Senator Kelly Loeffler, of Georgia, to serve as Administrator of the Small Business Administration (SBA)," December 4, 2024
    134. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Peter Navarro as Senior Counselor for Trade and Manufacturing," December 4, 2024
    135. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Daniel P. Driscoll, of North Carolina, to serve as the Secretary of the Army." December 4, 2024
    136. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Jared Isaacman as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)," December 4, 2024
    137. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Adam Boehler will be my Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, with the personal rank of Ambassador," December 4, 2024
    138. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces David A. Warrington as Assistant to the President and Counsel to the President," December 4, 2024
    139. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Paul Atkins to be the next Chairman of the Securities & Exchange Commission," December 4, 2024
    140. ↑ 4President, "Statement on Trump-Vance Transition Team Entering Memorandum of Understanding with the U.S. Department of Justice," December 3, 2024
    141. ↑ Fox News, "Florida Sheriff Chad Chronister withdraws as Trump's nominee to lead DEA," December 3, 2024
    142. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Warren A. Stephens as United States Ambassador to the Court of St. James’s, as our Representative to the United Kingdom," December 1, 2024
    143. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Sheriff Chad Chronister for Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)," November 30, 2024
    144. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Kashyap “Kash” Patel as the next Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation," November 30, 2024
    145. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates General Keith Kellogg as Assistant to the President and Special Envoy for Ukraine and Russia," November 27, 2024
    146. ↑ 4President, "Statement on the Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding Between the Trump-Vance Transition Team and Biden White House," November 26, 2024
    147. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Jamieson Greer as United States Trade Representative (USTR)," November 26, 2024
    148. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Vince Haley as Director of the Domestic Policy Council," November 26, 2024
    149. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Dr. Kevin A. Hassett as Director of the White House National Economic Council," November 26, 2024
    150. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces John Phelan as the next United States Secretary of the Navy," November 26, 2024
    151. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Jim O'Neill to serve as the Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services to work alongside Robert F. Kennedy Jr.," November 26, 2024
    152. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Key White House Office Directors," November 25, 2024
    153. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Brooke L. Rollins, of Texas, as the 33rd United States Secretary of Agriculture," November 23, 2024
    154. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Scott Bessent as the 79th Secretary of the Treasury of the United States," November 22, 2024
    155. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Russell Thurlow Vought as the Director of the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB)," November 22, 2024
    156. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Congresswoman Lori Chavez-DeRemer as United States Secretary of Labor," November 22, 2024
    157. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Alex Wong will be appointed Assistant to the President and Principal Deputy National Security Advisor, and Dr. Sebastian Gorka as Deputy Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Counterterrorism," November 22, 2024
    158. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Dr. Janette Nesheiwat as the United States Surgeon General," November 22, 2024
    159. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Former Congressman, Dr. Dave Weldon, as Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)," November 22, 2024
    160. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Marty Makary MD, MPH, FACS, for FDA Commissioner," November 22, 2024
    161. ↑ X, "Matt Gaetz on November 21, 2024," accessed November 21, 2024
    162. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces former Attorney General of Florida, Pam Bondi, as Attorney General of the United States," November 21, 2024
    163. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Matthew G. Whitaker, from Iowa, as the United States Ambassador to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)," November 20, 2024
    164. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Former Congressman, Pete Hoekstra, as United States Ambassador to Canada," November 20, 2024
    165. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Howard Lutnick as the United States Secretary of Commerce," November 19, 2024
    166. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Linda McMahon will be the United States Secretary of Education," November 19, 2024
    167. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump to Nominate Dr. Mehmet Oz to Serve as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Administrator," November 19, 2024
    168. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Former Congressman Sean Duffy, from Wisconsin, is Nominated to Serve as the Secretary of Transportation," November 18, 2024
    169. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Commissioner Brendan Carr as Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)," November 17, 2024
    170. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Chris Wright as United States Secretary of Energy," November 16, 2024
    171. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces William Owen Scharf will as Assistant to the President and White House Staff Secretary," November 16, 2024
    172. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Doug Burgum, the Governor of North Dakota, as Secretary of the Interior," November 15, 2024
    173. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Additional White House Senior Staff," November 15, 2024
    174. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Karoline Leavitt as White House Press Secretary," November 15, 2024
    175. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as The United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS)," November 14, 2024
    176. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominate Former Congressman Doug Collins, of Georgia, as The United States Secretary for Veterans Affairs (VA)," November 14, 2024
    177. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Jay Clayton, of New York, as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York," November 14, 2024
    178. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Todd Blanche as Deputy Attorney General," November 14, 2024
    179. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Dean John Sauer as Solicitor General of the United States," November 14, 2024
    180. ↑ Politico, "Inside Congress Live: Transition of Power," November 13, 2024
    181. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Senator Marco Rubio, of Florida, as The United States Secretary of State," November 13, 2024
    182. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Former Congressman, Lieutenant Colonel Tulsi Gabbard, as Director of National Intelligence (DNI)," November 13, 2024
    183. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Congressman Matt Gaetz, of Florida, as The Attorney General of the United State," November 13, 2024
    184. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces White House Senior Staff," November 13, 2024
    185. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces John Ratcliffe as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)," November 12, 2024
    186. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Pete Hegseth to serve in Cabinet as The Secretary of Defense," November 12, 2024
    187. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Kristi Noem as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)," November 12, 2024
    188. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces that Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy will lead the Department of Government Efficiency ('DOGE')," November 12, 2024
    189. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Congressman Mike Waltz (R-FL) to Serve as National Security Advisor," November 12, 2024
    190. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Former Governor of Arkansas, Mike Huckabee, to be the United States Ambassador to Israel," November 12, 2024
    191. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Appoints Steven C. Witkoff to be Special Envoy to the Middle East," November 12, 2024
    192. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces William Joseph McGinley as White House Counsel," November 12, 2024
    193. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Former Congressman Lee Zeldin as the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protective Agency (EPA)," November 11, 2024
    194. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Chairwoman Elise Stefanik to Serve in Cabinet as United States Ambassador to the United Nations," November 11, 2024
    195. ↑ 4President, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Susan Summerall Wiles as White House Chief of Staff," November 7, 2024
    v • e
    Trump Administration (second term)
    Overviews
    Cabinet
    Members not requiring Senate confirmation

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