Alabama's 1st Congressional District special election, 2013
The 1st Congressional District of Alabama held a special election for the U.S. House in 2013. The primary took place on September 24, 2013. A runoff Republican primary election took place on November 5, 2013, and the general election was held December 17, 2013.[1]
The special election was held to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of Rep. Jo Bonner (R). Bonner resigned to take a job as vice chancellor of government and economic development at the University of Alabama.[2]
Bonner said on July 23, 2013, that he would resign August 2, 2013, instead of August 15, 2013, as originally announced.[3] Gov. Robert Bentley could not call a special election to fill the seat until Bonner vacated the seat. Moving up the date allowed the governor to schedule the special election so that a replacement was elected and seated before the new session of Congress in January 2014.[3]
A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Alabama uses an open primary system, in which registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.[4][5][6]
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
Voters who wished to register and vote in the September 24, 2013, primary elections needed to do so no later than 4:30 p.m. on September 13, 2013.[7]
The 1st District was considered a safe Republican seat and had been represented by a Republican since 1964 at the time of the election.[8][9] Bradley Byrne (R), the winner of the special election, faced re-election in 2014.[10]
| Candidate Filing Deadline | Primary Election | Runoff Primary Election | General Election (If runoff primary) |
|---|---|---|---|
Candidates
General Election
Did not qualify
Failed to file
Republican primary
The following candidates all qualified and filed to run for the seat.[15][16]
Bradley Byrne: Former state senator and two-year college chancellor[17][18]
Nov. 5 Republican runoff
- Note: No candidate secured more than 50 percent of the vote in the September 24, 2013, primary election. A runoff primary election was held on November 5, 2013. Byrne advanced to the general election on December 17, 2013.
Democratic primary
The following candidates qualified and filed to run for the seat.[30][16]
Lula Albert-Kaigler: Small business consultant[16]
Withdrawn prior to primary
Rumored candidates
Other rumored candidates included:
Declined to run
Election results
General election
| U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Special Election, 2013 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican |  Bradley Byrne |
70.7% | 36,042 | |
| Democratic | Burton LeFlore | 29.3% | 14,968 | |
| Total Votes | 51,010 | |||
| Source: Results via Associated Press | ||||
Primary elections
Democratic primary
| U.S. House, Alabama District 1 Special Democratic Primary, 2013 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
|
Burton LeFlore |
70.2% | 3,129 | ||
| Lula Albert-Kaigler | 29.8% | 1,328 | ||
| Total Votes | 4,457 | |||
| Source: Unofficial results via Associated Press[37] | ||||
Republican primary
| U.S. House, Alabama District 1 Republican Primary, 2013 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
|
Bradley Byrne |
34.6% | 18,090 | ||
| Dean Young |
23% | 12,011 | ||
| Chad Fincher | 15.6% | 8,177 | ||
| Qyin Hillyer | 13.9% | 7,260 | ||
| Wells Griffith | 11% | 5,758 | ||
| Daniel Dyas | 0.7% | 391 | ||
| Jessica James | 0.7% | 391 | ||
| Sharon Powe | 0.4% | 184 | ||
| David Thornton | 0.1% | 72 | ||
| Total Votes | 52,334 | |||
| Source: Unofficial results via Associated Press[38] | ||||
Republican primary runoff
| U.S. House, Alabama District 1 Special Runoff Republican Primary, 2013 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes | ||
|
Bradley Byrne |
52.5% | 38,150 | ||
| Dean Young | 47.5% | 34,534 | ||
| Total Votes | 72,684 | |||
| Source: Unofficial results via Associated Press[39] | ||||
Race background
Alabama Democratic Party misses deadline
The Alabama Democratic Party missed a filing deadline for candidates, but the secretary of state’s office said those candidates who met a qualifying deadline will still appear on the ballot in September 2013.[8]
In a statement on August 7, 2013, Secretary of State Jim Bennett said the Democratic Party was an hour late in submitting the names of two candidates to run in the south Alabama district.[8] However, Bennett said they would “err on the side of caution” and allow the qualified candidates -- Lula Albert-Kaigler and Burton LeFlore — on the ballot.[8]
Lawsuit to gain access to ballot
On September 16, 2013, Independent candidate James Hall filed a federal lawsuit against the state of Alabama seeking easier access to the general election ballot.[40][41]
Under Alabama law, Independent candidates must gather signatures from at least 3 percent of the registered voters who participated in the last gubernatorial election.[40] For Hall, a first-time candidate, that meant he needed to collect 5,394 signatures by September 24, 2013, and certified by the Alabama Secretary of State’s office.[40] Hall said the shortened time frame for the special election made it impossible to meet that requirement. His lawsuit sought to lower the total number of signatures needed for ballot access.[40]
On November 13, 2013, a U.S. Circuit Court denied Hall's appeal to appear on the ballot.[42][43]
Polls
| Republican runoff primary | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Bradley Byrne | Dean Young | Undecided | Margin of Error | Sample Size | ||||||||||||||
| Cygnal Polling October 30, 2013 | 43% | 40% | 17% | +/-3.03 | 1,027 | ||||||||||||||
| Wenzel Strategies October 6-8, 2013 | 44% | 37% | 19% | +/-0 | 412 | ||||||||||||||
| Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org | |||||||||||||||||||
- Note: The margin of error in the October 6-8 poll by Wenzel Strategies was not published with the results of the poll.
| Republican primary | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poll | Bradley Byrne | Chad Fincher | Dean Young | Quin Hillyer | Wells Griffith | Daniel Dyas | Sharon Powe | Jessica James | David Thornton | Undecided | Margin of Error | Sample Size | |||||||
| Cygnal Polling September 17-18, 2013 | 34% | 14.9% | 12.1% | 9.1% | 8.3% | 2% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 17.5% | +/-3.6 | 716 | |||||||
| Note: A "0%" finding means the candidate was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org | |||||||||||||||||||
Campaign donors
September 2013
Bradley Byrne raised $241,363 between July 1, 2013, and September 4, 2013, and had $183,629 cash on hand going into the primary.[44] That is almost $80,000 more than Wells Griffith, who raised the second-highest amount during the same period.[44] Griffith raised $162,250 and had $87,730 in cash on hand going into the primary.[44]
Quin Hillyer raised the third-highest with $150,927 and had $49,729 cash-on-hand going into the primary.[44] State representative Chad Fincher is fourth in fundraising, raising $56,145 and with $64,120 cash on hand going into the primary.[44] Dean Young raised $34,260 — including a $10,000 personal loan to his campaign – and had $23,335 in cash on hand going into the primary.[44]
July 2013
Republican candidate Dean Young collected the most cash of any of the candidates, according to initial campaign finance reports from July 2013.[45] Young's total of $133,087 was by far the most of any of the five candidates who submitted paperwork to the Federal Election Commission.[45] Nearly all of that money, approximately $129,500, came via a personal loan from Young.[45] Fellow Republican Bradley Byrne led the field in terms of total outside contributions with $75,882.[45] Quin Hillyer reported raising $62,779 as of July 2013, with Chad Fincher reported raising $45,890, including a $10,000 loan, and Jessica James reported raising $2,750.[45]
Republican candidates Randy Davis, Daniel Dyas, and Wells Griffith, as well as Independent candidate James Hall, did not file finance reports as of the FEC's quarterly in July 2013.[45] Candidates are not required to register with the FEC until they receive contributions or expenditures in excess of $5,000.[45]
Media
General election
| Bradley Byrne's December 2013 ad, "Byrne Matters." |
A week before the general election between Bradley Byrne and Burton LeFlore, Byrne launched an ad reminding voters of the election.[46]
The ad did not mention LeFlore, and instead focused on the health care overhaul.[46]
“When it comes to America’s future, I won’t back down,” Bryne said in the ad.[46]
Republican runoff primary
Bradley Byrne
On October 10, 2013, Bradley Byrne released his first ad since the September 24, 2013, Republican primary.[47]The new ad, titled "Blessed," highlights his Mobile roots as the son of a truck salesman and a bookkeeper.[47]
| Bradley Byrne's October 2013 ad, "Blessed." |
"Alabama is full of hard-working people like my folks who deserve a government that spends less," Byrne says in the ad.[47]
Dean Young
Young's wife, Jan, released an ad for her husband on October 20, 2013, in which she proclaimed that if elected he would be one of the most conservative members of Congress.[48]
Quin Hillyer
Republican candidate Quin Hillyer released the first televised campaign ads in the race for Alabama's 1st Congressional District in early June 2013.[49]
A campaign spokesman for Hillyer said the 30-second ad appeared on network and cable channels across the district.[49]
| Quin Hillyer's ad featuring Fred Barnes, "Trusted." |
| Citizens United Political Victory Fund and Rick Santorum's ad, "True Conservative." |
| Quin Hillyer's first ad of the campaign, "It's Time." |
The ad, entitled "It's Time," accuses the Obama administration of betraying the public trust and says Hillyer will bring Alabama values to Washington, D.C.[49]
Hillyer also said he will never work as a paid lobbyist after leaving Congress and repeated an earlier pledge not to run negative campaign ads.[50]
On September 13, 2013, Rick Santorum recorded a radio ad, paid for by the Citizens United Political Victory Fund, for Quin Hillyer.[51]
In the ad, Santorum said he is “proud to support a true conservative — Quin Hillyer for Congress — because he shares my values. Quin Hillyer supports defunding Obamacare and opposes raising the debt ceiling for Obama’s reckless spending.”[51]
Less than a week before the primary election, Hillyer picked up an endorsement in an ad from Fred Barnes, the Weekly Standard editor and Fox News commentator.[52]
| GOPAC's August 2013 ad, "Chad Fincher: He Wins the Tough Ones." |
The ad, released September 18, 2013, begins, “Hi. I’m Fred Barnes. I watch Alabama closely. My son went to school there and my daughter married an Alabama boy.”
Barnes then adds: “More and more top conservative reformers are joining me in supporting Mobile’s Quin Hillyer for Congress. He is a man with integrity and strong conservative principles. He also brings real know how and experience, and has a proven record of reforming Washington.”[52]
GOPAC for Chad Fincher
“Rep. Fincher has a long record of fighting for conservative policies and sound economic principles,” GOPAC Chairman Frank Donatelli said in a news release. “We know that he is a tested leader and does not back down from a fight against liberal special interests. We need his continued leadership in Washington.”[53]
Bradley Byrne
Bradley Byrne released his first ad of the campaign on August 29, 2013, titled "Courage."[54]
| Bradley Byrne's second ad, released in September 2013, "Waste." |
| Bradley Byrne's first ad of the campaign, "Courage." |
A week before the September 24, 2013, primary, Byrne released his second ad.[55]
“Obama’s wasted billions of dollars on boondoggles,” Byrne said in the ad.[55]
Wells Griffith
Wells Griffith, a former deputy chief of staff for the Republican National Committee, aired a radio ad released August 22, 2013, that highlights his Mobile roots and his opposition to the policies of President Barack Obama.[50]
Griffith also pledged to refuse congressional healthcare until the Affordable Care Act is defeated.[50]
“Wells will refuse to take a taxpayer funded health insurance plan,” the ad says.[50]
Griffith released his first television ad on September 5, 2013, titled “The Right Road.”[56]
| Wells Griffith's September 2013 television ad, "The Right Road." |
| Wells Griffith's second ad, "Fighting for Our Values." |
| Wells Griffith's August 2013 radio ad, "Meet Wells." |
“I know that I can teach the folks in Washington a few things about customer service – things I learned right here in my family’s gas station,” Griffith says in the ad.[56]
Griffith released his second television ad of the campaign on September 17, 2013.[57]
“This document, Obamacare, is why I’m running for Congress. Because we won’t get back to creating jobs until these thousands of pages of economic destruction are relegated to the trash pile of history,” Griffith said in the ad.[57]
Issues
John Boehner as speaker
Dean Young said on November 2, 2013, that he would not support another term for John Boehner as Speaker of the U.S. House.[58]
"I wouldn't vote for him," said Young. He did not specify who he would like to see become speaker, but he said the House GOP needs "somebody up there that will get the country moving back in the right direction," not someone who will "keep giving in with the same old, same old establishment Republicans."[58]
Death of Byrne's brother
On October 23, 2013, Bradley Byrne's brother, Dale, who had been ill for some time, suffered a heart attack and was transferred from Providence Hospital to USA Medical Center, where he was placed on a ventilator.[59] According to campaign manager Alex Schriver, the Byrne family was at Dale's bedside, and canceled all campaign events scheduled for October 24, 2013.[59][60]
"A few minutes ago, the doctors called the family to come to his bedside. He is expected to pass this morning," Schriver said in an email on October 24, 2013.[59]
Government shutdown
- See also: United States budget debate, 2013
Bradley Byrne and Dean Young both blamed President Barack Obama for a shutdown of the federal government in October 2013.[61]
“American people do not want a shutdown and they do not want Obamacare. They want their government to work for them and not against them. We must stop kicking the can down the road as a country and solve these problems by cutting spending and balancing the budget...The President’s failed leadership on this is exactly why we must send a qualified problem solver to Washington who will get things done,” said Byrne.[61]
“I do not think a government shutdown is the end of the world. In 1995 and 1996 we saw shutdowns over the funding of Medicare which helped bring about the 1997 balanced budget deal followed by the first four consecutive balanced budgets since the 1920’s. My, how we could use some of that wisdom today,” Young said.[61]
Young said his greater concern was the broken system of government in Washington, D.C., and said his background in business made him better prepared to fix problems in Congress than Byrne's background in elected office.[61]
“Here we are playing games over serious issues like cutting spending, reforming healthcare and funding government. We need regular citizens who care about solving problems leading our country and not career politicians who are interested in fighting over headlines,” Young said.[61]
Byrne's daughter
On October 10, 2013, Bradley Byrne posted on his Facebook account, accusing his opponent, Dean Young, of attacking his daughter.[62]
“They’ve attacked my faith and religion repeatedly, and have even stooped so low to attack my youngest daughter, Laura, and her employer. They’ve lied about my record and my positions on numerous issues – but worst of all they’ve attacked my family and my faith. These types of personal attacks show how desperate Dean Young and his campaign are,” Byrne wrote.[62]
Young disputed Byrne’s accusation, saying he’d made no mention of Byrne’s family and that he cautioned his campaign supporters not to make any personal comments about Byrne.[62]
“I’ve never said a word about his family. I don't even know who his daughter is,” Young said in an interview. "That's not what I'm about."[62]
Endorsements
Republican candidates
Republican runoff
Immediately following the Republican primary on September 24, 2013, Quin Hillyer endorsed Bradley Byrne.[63]
"His whole family has been a friend of mine for 15 years," Hillyer said after meeting with Byrne's supporters following the primary election. "I think the world of them."[63]
"I think this is one of the best things that happened to us tonight," Byrne said in response to the endorsement from Hillyer.[63]
Former Rep. Jo Bonner endorsed Byrne on October 18, 2013.[64] Byrne also received an endorsement from State Rep. Chad Fincher.[65]
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce endorsed former State Sen. Bradley Byrne on October 29, 2013.[66]
Young picked up endorsements from the Christian Coalition of Alabama and the Eagle Forum.[67]
Pro Cruz super PAC
Young promised while campaigning to be a “Ted Cruz congressman,” but the Ending Spending PAC, one of Ted Cruz's biggest backers in 2012, announced its support for Young's opponent, Bradley Byrne.[68]
Chad Fincher
GOPAC, a national political group that works to promote young Republican leaders announced it would step up its efforts on behalf of state Representative Chad Fincher.[53] GOPAC, which describes itself as "the premier training organization for Republican candidates,” endorsed Fincher as a candidate and began distributing campaign cards touting Fincher to voters across the district in southwest Alabama.[53]
GOPAC said in a news release in August 2013 that Fincher is the first candidate to be highlighted in its new “Called Up” program, which promotes promising state and local leaders to higher office.[53]“Much like in Major League Baseball, we have diligently worked to foster the talents of young leaders and build a deep bench of battle-tested candidates,” GOPAC Chairman Frank Donatelli said in a news release. "These rising conservative stars have proven themselves on the state and local levels, and it is now time to call them up to higher office.”
Donatelli said GOPAC chose Fincher because of his longtime involvement in the organization’s training programs.[53] “Throughout his career in the Alabama Legislature, Fincher has proven his stalwart dedication to free-market conservatism and smaller, more effective government,” Donatelli said. “That commitment, as well as his effectiveness and experience as a legislator, truly separates Fincher from the rest of the field and has prepared him to serve as a capable and skilled Congressman.”[53]
GOPAC has not released how much it is spending on the campaign or how many cards it is mailing on behalf of Fincher.[53]
Quin Hillyer
In May 2013, Quin Hillyer received an endorsement from former U.S. Senator and Republican presidential candidate Rick Santorum.[51][69] Santorum announced the endorsement through his Patriot Voices political action committee.[51]
“I’ve gotten to know Quin over the last few years and have been enormously impressed with his willingness to fearlessly and without hesitation advance the conservative cause,” Santorum said in a written statement. “As a critic of Washington business-as-usual, Quin will bring that same courageous approach as an advocate for free markets, limited government and reform of the welfare and tax system to Congress.”[51]
Hillyer picked up an endorsement from the American Conservative Union’s political action committee in August 2013.[70]
“Quin Hillyer stands out among the candidates for Alabama’s First District as a principled conservative who will bring Alabama’s values to Washington rather than the other way around,” said ACU Chairman Al Cardenas.[70] “As a commentator and author, Quin Hillyer has dedicated his career to advancing conservative principles of limited government and traditional values through the written word. We urge conservatives in Alabama’s First District to give Quin Hillyer the opportunity to put those words into action by voting for him in the special election on September 24.”
The Washington-based ACU was founded in 1964 by the late William F. Buckley, Jr. The group is known for its annual ranking of members of Congress, based on their votes on conservative issues.[70] ACU said the PAC, which serves as its political arm, supports candidates “who reflect the conservative principles on which ACU was founded.”[70]
Dean Young
Alabama Supreme Court Justice Roy Moore wrote a letter praising Dean Young on June 4, 2013.[71]
“I know you to be a man of great ability as well as one of the highest moral and ethical standards. I know you will do an outstanding job representing the people of our great state,” Moore wrote.[71]
Wells Griffith
- Republican candidate Wells Griffith picked up a high-profile endorsement from Rep. Paul Ryan on August 7, 2013.[72]
- "I've known Wells Griffith for a long time and consider him a true friend. Wells is committed to moving our country and our party forward. His dedication to advancing conservative principles is admirable and he will be a strong conservative voice for South Alabama," said Ryan.[72]
- Griffith picked up an endorsement on September 19, 2013, from former Miss Alabama USA 2012 Katherine Webb.[73] Webb, the girlfriend of Alabama quarterback AJ McCarron, announced her support of Griffith in a message posted to her Twitter account.[73]
Forums
A forum for congressional candidates in the 1st District took place on August 6, 2013. Seven candidates participated including: Bradley Byrne (R), Daniel Dyas (R), Chad Fincher (R), James Hall (I), Quin Hillyer (R), Jessica James (R) and Dean Young (R).[74]
Notably, Republican candidate Wells Griffith was absent from the forum, instead choosing to attend a baseball game at Hank Aaron Stadium.[75]
Griffith campaign spokesman Rob Lockwood said, “We were considering this debate because it was designed as an opportunity to promote an agenda and vision, not insert the campaign into a format that champions Republicans fighting against each other on stage. The 2012 elections proved that debates designed to pit candidates against each other – like this new format does – caters to too much negativity.”[75]
Another forum took place on September 16, 2013, sponsored by the North Baldwin County chapter of the Common Sense Campaign, an arm of the Tea Party.[76] There are approximately 10 Common Sense chapters in the south Alabama region with an active membership around 1,400 people.[76]The forum began with a "meet the candidates" event. Voters were given an opportunity to ask each candidate a question about their policies, goals and objectives.[76]
The final in a series of three debates in three days took place on September 18, 2013.[77]
The debate was sponsored by the Eastern Shore Republican Women, one of the largest GOP clubs in south Alabama.[77]
District history
| Candidate ballot access |
|---|
 |
| Find detailed information on ballot access requirements in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. |
2012
Jo Bonner won re-election to the 1st Congressional District in 2012. He defeated Peter Gounares, Pete Riehm and Dean Young in the March 13 Republican primary election and was unopposed in the November 6 general election.[78]
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Jo Bonner Incumbent |
97.9% | 196,374 | |
| N/A | Write-In | 2.1% | 4,302 | |
| Total Votes | 200,676 | |||
| Source: Alabama Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" | ||||
2010
On November 2, 2010, Jo Bonner won re-election to the United States House. He defeated David Walter (Constitution) in the general election.[79]
| U.S. House, Alabama District 1 General Election, 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
| Republican | Jo Bonner incumbent |
83% | 129,063 | |
| Constitution | David Walter | 17% | 26,357 | |
| Total Votes | 155,420 | |||
See also
- Special elections to the 113th United States Congress (2013-2014)
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2012
- United States congressional delegations from Alabama
- United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, 2014
- Jo Bonner (R)
- BP News: Byrne defeats tea party challenger to win nomination in Alabama
- BP News: Byrne and Young advance to runoff election in Alabama special election
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Governor of Alabama, "Governor Bentley Announces Court-Approved Timeline for Special Election in 1st Congressional District" accessed July 30, 2013
- ↑ blog.al.com, "BREAKING: Rep. Jo Bonner resigning from Congress," May 23, 2013
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tuscaloosa News, "Jo Bonner to resign two weeks earlier than planned" accessed July 25, 2013
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Types," accessed July 22, 2024
- ↑ Justia, "Alabama Code § 17-13-1," accessed July 22, 2024
- ↑ Justia, "Alabama Code § 17-3-30," accessed July 22, 2024
- ↑ AL.com, "Sept. 13 is voter registration deadline for AL-01 special election," accessed September 4, 2013
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Montgomery Advertiser, "Democrats who missed filing deadline will still be on ballot," accessed August 8, 2013
- ↑ Roll Call, "Top Republican to Enter Alabama Special Election #AL01" accessed June 10, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "9 Republicans, 2 Democrats qualify for AL-01 congressional race" accessed August 6, 2013
- ↑ Ballot Access, "James Hall, Alabama Independent Candidate, Appeals Ballot Access Case," accessed December 17, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "Federal judge rules against former Marine in ballot access case in 1st Congressional District (updated)," accessed December 17, 2013
- ↑ blog.al.com, "First-time candidate James Hall to run for AL-01 congressional seat," June 6, 2013
- ↑ Railey for Office Facebook Page, "Home," accessed September 24, 2013
- ↑ blog.al.com, "The list: Who's in, who's out of AL-01 congressional race," June 6, 2013
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Miami Herald, "9 Republicans, 2 Democrats to run in US House race" accessed August 6, 2013 (dead link)
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Roll Call, "Jo Bonner to Resign From Congress Soon (Updated) #AL01" accessed June 10, 2013
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 AP Results, "Alabama Special Election Primary," accessed September 24, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "State Rep. Chad Fincher launches bid for AL-01 congressional seat" accessed June 19, 2013
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 National Journal, "Five Names To Know In Alabama 01" accessed June 10,2 013
- ↑ Daily Caller, "Conservative columnist jumping into Alabama congressional race" accessed May 23, 2013
- ↑ Conservative HQ "Conservative Quin Hillyer Announces For Congress" accessed May 24, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "Rep. Jo Bonner resignation stuns constituents, sparks candidates" accessed May 24, 2013
- ↑ The American Spectator, "Laying Down My Pen" accessed May 24, 2013
- ↑ blog.al.com, "Republican Dean Young to run for AL-01 congressional seat," May 29, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "Republican Wells Griffith to run for AL-01 congressional seat" accessed July 10, 2013
- ↑ blog.al.com, "Jessica James launches bid for AL-01 congressional seat," May 30, 2013
- ↑ Atmore News, "James announces candidacy for 1st Congressional District" accessed July 5, 2013
- ↑ Al.com, "Daniel Dyas launches bid for AL-01 congressional seat" accessed July 5, 2013
- ↑ blog.al.com, "The list: Who's in, who's out of AL-01 congressional race," June 6, 2013
- ↑ Atmore Advance, "LeFlore enters U.S. congressional race," accessed August 26, 2013
- ↑ AP Results, "Alabama Special Election Primary," accessed September 24, 2013
- ↑ blog.al.com, "State Rep. Randy Davis launches bid for AL-01 congressional seat," June 4, 2013
- ↑ ABC News, "Rep. Davis out of race in Alabama's 1s District" accessed August 6, 2013
- ↑ The Republic, "9 Republicans, 2 Democrats qualify to run for vacant south Alabama US Congressional seat" accessed August 6, 2013
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 AL.com, "The list: Who's in, who's out of AL-01 congressional race" accessed June 19, 2013
- ↑ Associated Press, "Alabama - Summary Vote Results ," accessed September 24, 2013
- ↑ Associated Press, "Alabama - Summary Vote Results ," accessed September 24, 2013
- ↑ Associated Press, "Republican Runoff Primary," accessed November 5, 2013
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 AL.com, "Independent AL-01 candidate James Hall sues Alabama for ballot access," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Local 15 TV, "Independent candidate sues Ala. over ballot access," accessed September 16, 2013 (dead link)
- ↑ Ballot Access, "James Hall, Alabama Independent Candidate, Appeals Ballot Access Case," accessed December 17, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "Federal judge rules against former Marine in ballot access case in 1st Congressional District (updated)," accessed December 17, 2013
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.5 Roll Call, "Byrne Leads Special Election Fundraising Race | #AL01," accessed September 13, 2013
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 45.5 45.6 AL.com, "Cash contributions in AL-01 congressional race" accessed July 16, 2013
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 AL.com, "Bradley Byrne launches TV ad in advance of special congressional election ," accessed December 10, 2013
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 AL.com, "Republican Bradley Byrne hits airwaves in AL-01 runoff," accessed October 11, 2013
- ↑ National Journal, "The Next Tea Party Upset?" accessed November 3, 2013
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 AL.com, "Republican Quin Hillyer airs TV ad in AL-01 congressional race," accessed August 19, 2013
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 AL.com, "Check out the campaign ads in AL-01 congressional race," accessed August 29, 2013
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 Politico, "Rick Santorum offers help in Alabama race," accessed September 13, 2013 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "santorum" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 52.0 52.1 Daily Caller, "Fred Barnes cuts campaign ad for Republican candidate," accessed September 19, 2013
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.5 53.6 AL.com, "GOPAC backs Chad Fincher in AL-01 congressional race," accessed August 12, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "Bradley Byrne hits the airwaves in AL-01 congressional race," accessed August 29, 2013
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 Roll Call, "Republican Blasts Spending ‘Boondoggles’ in Special Election Spot | #AL01," accessed September 18, 2013
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 Al.com, "Wells Griffith hits the airwaves in AL-01 congressional campaign," accessed September 5, 2013
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Roll Call, "Special-Election Candidate Trashes Obamacare in New TV Ad | #AL01," accessed September 18, 2013
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Washington Post, "Alabama runoff: Young won’t back Boehner for speaker, Byrne noncommittal," accessed November 4, 2013
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 Al.com, "Bradley Byrne cancels Thursday's campaign events amid family tragedy," accessed October 28, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "Dale Byrne, brother of Congressional hopeful Bradley Byrne, dies after lengthy illness," accessed October 28, 2013
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.4 AL.com, "Alabama congressional candidates spar over government shutdown," accessed October 4, 2013
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 AL.com, "Bradley Byrne accuses Dean Young of attacking his daughter," accessed October 15, 2013
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 AL.com, "Bradley Byrne on Quin Hillyer endorsement: 'One of the best things that happened to us tonight'," accessed September 26, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "Jo Bonner backs Bradley Byrne in AL-01 runoff election," accessed October 21, 2013
- ↑ WHLT, "Fincher backs Byrne in Alabama 1st District runoff," accessed October 21, 2013
- ↑ Roll Call, "Chamber of Commerce Battles Tea Party in Alabama Special Election," accessed October 29, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "Dean Young vows to be 'Ted Cruz congressman,' but pro-Cruz PAC backs Byrne," accessed November 5, 2013
- ↑ AL.com, "Dean Young vows to be 'Ted Cruz congressman,' but pro-Cruz PAC backs Byrne," accessed November 5, 2013
- ↑ The American Spectator, "Rick Santorum endorses Quin Hillyer," accessed August 19, 2013
- ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 AL.com, "American Conservative Union backs Quin Hillyer for Congress," accessed August 19, 2013
- ↑ 71.0 71.1 AL.com, "Chief Justice Roy Moore backs Dean Young in AL-01 congressional campaign," accessed September 20, 2013
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 Al.com, "Rep. Paul Ryan backs Wells Griffith in AL-01 congressional race" accessed August 7, 2013
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 AL.com, "Katherine Webb vs. Rick Santorum: Which endorsement matters most?" accessed September 20, 2013
- ↑ Yellow Hammer News, "9 takeaways from last night’s AL-01 congressional candidates forum" accessed August 6, 2013
- ↑ 75.0 75.1 WWNT Radio, "Griffith a ‘no show’ at candidate forum, blows prime opportunity from Yellowhammer.com" accessed August 7, 2013
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 AL.com, "Congressional candidates face Tea Party voters in Bay Minette tonight," accessed September 17, 2013
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 AL.com, "LIVE CHAT at 11:30 a.m.: AL-01 congressional debate in Fairhope," accessed September 18, 2013
- ↑ ABC News, "2012 General Election Results," accessed November 6, 2012
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
