Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, (February 21, 2023 primary)

2023 State Judicial Elections
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Janet Protasiewicz and Daniel Kelly advanced from the nonpartisan primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court on February 21, 2023, defeating Jennifer Dorow and Everett Mitchell. The nonpartisan general election was held on April 4, 2023. This page covers the primary election. For coverage of the general election, click here.

Justice Patience Roggensack's term expired on July 31, 2023. Roggensack did not run for re-election.

While supreme court elections are officially nonpartisan, the court was considered to have a 4-3 conservative majorityheading into the election. With Roggensack—a member of the court's conservative majority—retiring, the general election determined the ideological control of the court. According to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's Corrinne Hess, "[Protasiewicz and Mitchell ran] as liberal candidates. Kelly and Dorow [ran] as conservative candidates."

Wisconsin reporters and political commentators identified abortion policy, election administration, and legislative redistricting as some of the legal issues the court could address following the election. The Wisconsin State Journal's Alexander Shur wrote in January 2023, "With the court’s ideological balance up for grabs, the candidate elected in April will play a decisive role in upcoming cases that may include the legality of Wisconsin’s near-complete 1849 abortion ban, fights over legislative redistricting and the power of the executive branch in administering laws." As of 2023, Wisconsin had a divided government where neither party held a trifecta. The governor was Democrat Tony Evers, while the Republican Party controlled both chambers of the state legislature.

Protasiewicz was first elected to the Milwaukee County Circuit Court in 2014. Protasiewicz said, "We must restore confidence that judges aren’t just trying to reach their favored outcomes, but actually applying the law and the constitution. I’m running to restore integrity to the Wisconsin Supreme Court, and get politics out of the courtroom." Justice Rebecca Dallet endorsed Protasiewicz in May 2022, and Justice Ann Walsh Bradley endorsed Protasiewicz in February 2023.

Kelly previously served on the supreme court from 2016—when Gov. Scott Walker (R) appointed him to fill a vacancy—to 2020. Kelly said, "If an activist were to win next April, Wisconsin's public policy would be imposed by four lawyers sitting in Madison instead of being adopted through our constitutional processes. I won’t let that happen on my watch." Justice Rebecca Bradley endorsed Kelly in November 2022.

Dorow joined the Waukesha County Circuit Court in 2012 after being appointed by Walker. Dorow said, "We must replace Justice Roggensack with a judicial conservative who will fairly and faithfully apply the law as written to the facts of the cases that come before the court." Roggensack endorsed Dorow in January 2023.

Mitchell, who was first elected to the Dane County Circuit Court in 2016, said, "[P]reserving the integrity and independence of the court has never been more important. ... Wisconsinites deserve a justice who has the highest respect for the Wisconsin Constitution and is committed to ensuring that the Wisconsin Supreme Court is an instrument of balance and justice rather than partisan divide." Former Justice Louis Butler endorsed Mitchell in June 2022.

University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse political analyst Anthony Chergosky said in November 2022 that the entrance of a fourth candidate "injected [the race] with a lot of unpredictability," noting the possibility of two conservative or two liberal candidates advancing to the general election. WKOW TV Capitol Bureau Chief A.J. Bayatpour and Cap Times Capitol Bureau Chief Jessie Opoien each said in January 2023 that they did not think it was likely that two conservative or two liberal candidates would advance.

Heading into the 2020 election, the court had a 5-2 conservative majority. In that election, liberal Jill Karofsky defeated Kelly 55.2% to 44.7%. Click here for more information about past supreme court elections.

Wisconsin was one of two states that held elections for state supreme court in 2023. To view Ballotpedia's study of the partisan affiliation of state supreme court justices, click here. For an overview of state supreme court elections in 2023, click here.

Election news

This section includes a timeline of events leading up to the election.

• Election news (May 2022-February 2023)
  • February 21, 2023: Protasiewicz and Kelly advanced to the April 4 general election.

  • February 14, 2023: Women Speak Out PAC, an affiliate of Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America, announced it would spend six figures on mailers, phone calls, and text messages supporting Kelly.

  • February 13, 2023: Campaign finance reports covering January 1, 2023, through February 6, 2023, were due.

  • February 10, 2023: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported that Conservative Action for America was spending $246,000 on ads supporting Dorow, and Protect our Families was spending $195,000 on ads opposing Dorow.

  • February 8, 2023: WisPolitics reported that the Wisconsin Alliance for Reform and the Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce Issues Mobilization Council were together spending $770,000 to run an ad opposing Protasiewicz in Milwaukee and Green Bay.

  • February 7, 2023: Justice Ann Walsh Bradley endorsed Protasiewicz.

  • February 3, 2023: A Better Wisconsin Together, an affiliate of the group ProgressNow, reported that the group was spending $829,000 on ads opposing Dorow. As of February 21, the group's spending had increased to almost $2.2 million.

  • February 2, 2023: Fair Courts America announced that it would begin airing a 30-second television ad supporting Kelly on February 3, spending at least $500,000. As of February 21, the group's spending had increased to almost $2.4 million.

  • January 25, 2023: Fair Courts America announced that it would begin running a 60-second, statewide radio ad supporting Kelly on January 26. The group said it would spend at least $240,000 to run the ad.

  • January 19, 2023: The Wisconsin State Legislature referred three ballot questions to the April 4 general election ballot.

  • January 17, 2023: Campaign finance reports covering July 1, 2022, through December 31, 2022, were due.

  • January 9, 2023:
    • Dorow, Kelly, Mitchell, and Protasiewicz participated in a forum hosted by WisPolitics.
    • Justice Patience Roggensack endorsed Dorow.

  • November 30, 2022: Waukesha County Circuit Court Judge Jennifer Dorow announced her candidacy.

  • November 14, 2022: Justice Rebecca Bradley endorsed Kelly.

  • September 8, 2022: Former Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Daniel Kelly announced his candidacy.

  • June 30, 2022: Former Justice Louis Butler endorsed Mitchell.

  • June 1, 2022: Dane County Circuit Court Judge Everett Mitchell announced his candidacy.

  • May 31, 2022: Justice Rebecca Dallet endorsed Protasiewicz.

  • May 25, 2022: Milwaukee County Circuit Court Judge Janet Protasiewicz announced her candidacy.

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for Wisconsin Supreme Court

Janet Claire Protasiewicz defeated Daniel Kelly in the general election for Wisconsin Supreme Court on April 4, 2023.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Janet Claire Protasiewicz (Nonpartisan)	55.4	1,021,822
		Daniel Kelly (Nonpartisan)	44.4	818,391
		Other/Write-in votes	0.2	3,267

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,843,480
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court

Janet Claire Protasiewicz and Daniel Kelly defeated Jennifer Dorow and Everett Mitchell in the primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court on February 21, 2023.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Janet Claire Protasiewicz (Nonpartisan)	46.4	446,403
✔		Daniel Kelly (Nonpartisan)	24.2	232,751
		Jennifer Dorow (Nonpartisan)	21.9	210,100
		Everett Mitchell (Nonpartisan)	7.5	71,895

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 961,149
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Voting information

See also: Voting in Wisconsin

Election information in Wisconsin: Feb. 21, 2023, election.

What was the voter registration deadline?

• In-person: Feb. 17, 2023
• By mail: Postmarked by Feb. 1, 2023
• Online: Feb. 1, 2023

Was absentee/mail-in voting available to all voters?

N/A

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot request deadline?

• In-person: Feb. 19, 2023
• By mail: Received by Feb. 16, 2023
• Online: Feb. 16, 2023

What was the absentee/mail-in ballot return deadline?

• In-person: Feb. 21, 2023
• By mail: Received by Feb. 21, 2023

Was early voting available to all voters?

Yes

What were the early voting start and end dates?

Feb. 7, 2023 to Feb. 19, 2023

Were all voters required to present ID at the polls? If so, was a photo or non-photo ID required?

Photo ID

When were polls open on Election Day?

7:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m. (CST)

Candidate comparison

Candidate profiles

This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.

Jennifer Dorow

Incumbent: No

Political Office: 

• Waukesha County Circuit Court Branch 2 (Assumed office: 2012) 
  

Biography:  Dorow received a bachelor's degree in broadcast communication from Marquette University in 1992 and a J.D. from Regent University School of Law in 1996. Dorow previously worked as a Waukesha County assistant district attorney and as a private practice attorney at Huppertz & Dorow, S.C.

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Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

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In her campaign announcement, Dorow said, "I am a judicial conservative who believes it is the job of a judge to apply the law as it is written, to the facts of a case, and not try and bend the Constitution and statutes to what I would like them to say."  

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Dorow's campaign website said, "Throughout my career in the law, in whatever capacity I have served, I have consistently been committed to honoring our laws and ensuring that they work fairly for everyone. I love my state and want to bring the skillset and experiences that I have developed for more than two decades in Waukesha County[.]"

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Dorow said, "Serving as a Waukesha County circuit court judge for more than 10 years, I have been elected to multiple terms by constituents who depend on me and look to me to uphold constitutional enforcement of our laws[.] ... In addition, the Justices of the Supreme Court have acknowledged my abilities by naming me Chief Judge of Third Judicial District and my peers have selected me as the Chairperson of our state’s Chief Judges."

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Show sources

Sources: Spectrum News 1, "Wisconsin's race for state Supreme Court heats up as the field of candidates grows," November 30, 2022; Jennifer Dorow 2023 campaign website, "Why I am Running," accessed December 15, 2022; Facebook, "Judge Jennifer Dorow For Supreme Court on December 5, 2022," accessed December 15, 2022; Martindale, "Judge Profile: Hon. Jennifer R. Dorow," accessed December 8, 2022; Wisconsin Law Journal, "Dorow puts family first in courtroom and out," June 25, 2013; Wisconsin Court System, "Supreme Court appoints new chief judges from Waukesha, Winnebago counties," May 19, 2017; Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "What to know about Jennifer Dorow, the judge in the Darrell Brooks Waukesha Christmas Parade attack trial," updated November 29, 2022

This information was current as of the candidate's run for Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2023.

Daniel Kelly

Incumbent: No

Political Office: 

• Wisconsin Supreme Court (2016-2020)

Biography:  Kelly received a bachelor's degree in political science and Spanish from Carroll University in 1986 and a J.D. from Regent University School of Law in 1991. Kelly previously worked as a shareholder at Reinhart Boerner Van Deuren, vice president and general counsel for the Kern Family Foundation, and a founding partner at Rogahn Kelly LLC. In 2020, he founded Daniel Kelly Consulting and became a senior fellow at the Institute for Reforming Government.

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Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

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Kelly said in his campaign announcement, "If an activist were to win next April, Wisconsin's public policy would be imposed by four lawyers sitting in Madison instead of being adopted through our constitutional processes. I won’t let that happen on my watch." 

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Kelly's campaign website said, "Justice Daniel Kelly will preserve constitutional rights, uphold the rule of law, and prevent judicial activism. He’s an experienced and trustworthy judicial conservative who will apply the law as it is written, rather than legislate from the bench. His opponent, Janet Protasiewicz, is a liberal activist who seeks to put her thumb on the scale by ruling based on her political beliefs, rather than the rule of law." 

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Kelly's campaign Twitter said, "Wisconsin needs the Rule of Law, not the Rule of Janet. Politician Protasiewicz has said she will put her thumb on the scale when deciding cases. That is an outrage, and it is entirely unacceptable." 

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Show sources

Sources:  WisPolitics, "Kelly campaign: Daniel Kelly launches his campaign to serve on the Wisconsin Supreme Court," September 8, 2022; Daniel Kelly 2023 campaign website, "Meet Daniel," accessed December 15, 2022; YouTube, "WISN 12 News: Crowded race for Wisconsin's highest court," November 30, 2022; Twitter, "Justice Daniel Kelly," February 27, 2023; LinkedIn, "Daniel Kelly," accessed December 15, 2022; State Bar of Wisconsin, "Gov. Walker Picks Dan Kelly to Replace Justice Prosser on Supreme Court," July 25, 2016

This information was current as of the candidate's run for Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2023.

Everett Mitchell

Incumbent: No

Political Office: 

• Dane County Circuit Court Branch 4 (Assumed office: 2016) 
  

Biography:  Mitchell received a bachelor's degree in mathematics and religious studies from Morehouse College in 2000, master's degrees from Princeton Theological Seminary in 2003 and 2004, and a J.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School in 2010. Mitchell previously worked as a Dane County assistant district attorney and as the director of community relations at UW-Madison. As of 2022, Mitchell was an adjunct professor at the UW-Madison Law School and had been a pastor since 2011.

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Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

---

In his campaign announcement, Mitchell said, "I’m running for the Wisconsin Supreme Court because preserving the integrity and independence of the court has never been more important. ... Wisconsinites deserve a justice who has the highest respect for the Wisconsin Constitution and is committed to ensuring that the Wisconsin Supreme Court is an instrument of balance and justice rather than partisan divide."

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When asked what set him apart from other candidates, Mitchell said, "Justice is not what you say, it's what you do. And my commitment to justice has been about working with men and women in our community to protect our community by bringing people together. A judge need not be separate from the community." 

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Mitchell's campaign manager said, "Judge Mitchell knows the people of Wisconsin deserve a Supreme Court that reflects the diversity of thought and experience that our state has. Judge Mitchell will be a Supreme Court Justice who is thoughtful, tough, and fair. Walker-appointees like Dorow and Kelly will be conservative activists determined to take our state backwards."

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Show sources

Sources: WisPolitics, "Mitchell campaign: Dane County Judge Everett Mitchell announces candidacy for Wisconsin Supreme Court," June 1, 2022; YouTube, "WISN 12 News: Crowded race for Wisconsin's highest court," November 30, 2022; WisPolitics, "Mitchell campaign: Statement on Judge Dorow entrance to WI Supreme Court race," November 29, 2022; Everett Mitchell 2023 campaign website, "About Judge Mitchell," accessed December 15, 2022; LinkedIn, "Honorable Everett Mitchell," accessed December 15, 2022

This information was current as of the candidate's run for Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2023.

Janet Claire Protasiewicz

Incumbent: No

Political Office: 

• Milwaukee County Circuit Court, Branch 24 (Assumed office: 2014)

Biography:  Protasiewicz received a bachelor's degree in history from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in 1985 and a J.D. from Marquette University Law School in 1988. Protasiewicz was a Milwaukee County assistant district attorney for 26 years. She also served as an adjunct law professor at Marquette Law School.

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Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

---

Protasiewicz's campaign manager said Protasiewicz would "vigorously defend our constitutional freedoms and women’s right to make her own decision when it comes to abortion."

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Protasiewicz said in her campaign announcement, "We know that it’s not up to the government to decide who we can or can’t love. We know the 2020 election resulted in Joe Biden’s election. We must restore confidence that judges aren’t just trying to reach their favored outcomes, but actually applying the law and the constitution. I’m running to restore integrity to the Wisconsin Supreme Court, and get politics out of the courtroom."

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On redistricting, Protasiewicz's campaign Twitter said, "It is no secret that Wisconsin’s maps are gerrymandered, and it is also no secret that Janet’s extreme opponent and the big-money special interests backing him prefer for them to stay that way."

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Show sources

Sources: WisPolitics, "Protasiewicz Campaign: Judge Janet Protasiewicz announces campaign for state Supreme Court," May 25, 2022; Wisconsin Public Radio, "Wisconsin's next partisan battle will be over the balance of power on its Supreme Court," December 1, 2022; Janet Protasiewicz 2023 campaign website, "Why I’m running," accessed December 15, 2022; Twitter, ''Judge Janet Protasiewicz,'' March 3, 2023; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee: The College of Letters & Science, "The view from the bench: History alum lays down law," March 20, 2017; Janet Protasiewicz 2023 campaign website, "Meet Janet," accessed December 15, 2022

This information was current as of the candidate's run for Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2023.

Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey responses

Ballotpedia asks all federal, state, and local candidates to complete a survey and share what motivates them on political and personal levels. Candidates are asked three required questions for this survey, but they may answer additional optional questions as well.

No candidate in this race completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey.

Campaign advertisements

This section includes a selection of up to three campaign advertisements per candidate released in this race, as well as links to candidates' YouTube, Vimeo, and/or Facebook video pages. If you are aware of other links that should be included, please email us.

Jennifer Dorow

February 2, 2023

View more ads here:

• YouTube

Daniel Kelly

Ballotpedia did not come across any campaign ads for Daniel Kelly while conducting research on this election. If you are aware of any ads that should be included, please email us.

Everett Mitchell

View more ads here:

• Facebook

Janet Protasiewicz

February 10, 2023

January 26, 2023

January 26, 2023

View more ads here:

• Facebook
• YouTube

Satellite ads

This section includes a selection of campaign advertisements released by satellite groups. If you are aware of other satellite ads that should be included, please email us.

• Click here to view ads released by satellite groups.

  A Better Wisconsin Together

  A Better Wisconsin Together, an affiliate of the group ProgressNow, began running the following ad opposing Jennifer Dorow in February 2023:

  February 6, 2023

  Fair Courts America

  Fair Courts America began running the following ad supporting Daniel Kelly on February 3, 2023.

  February 2, 2023

  Wisconsin Alliance for Reform/Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce Issues Mobilization Council

  Wisconsin Alliance for Reform and the Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce Issues Mobilization Council began running identical ads opposing Protasiewicz in Milwaukee and Green Bay, respectively, in February 2023.

Debates and forums

This section includes links to debates, forums, and other similar events where multiple candidates in this race participated. If you are aware of any debates or forums that should be included, please email us.

January 9 forum

On January 9, 2023, Dorow, Kelly, Mitchell, and Protasiewicz participated in a forum hosted by WisPolitics. The State Bar of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty sponsored the forum.

• Click here to watch a recording of the event

Click on the links below for summaries of the event:

• AP News
• The Capital Times
• Channel 3000
• Fox6 News Milwaukee
• Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
• PBS Wisconsin
• Spectrum News 1
• State Bar of Wisconsin
• TMJ4 News
• Wisconsin Examiner
• Wisconsin Public Radio
• Wisconsin State Journal
• WISN 12 News
• WisPolitics
• WUWM

Noteworthy endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section lists noteworthy endorsements issued in this election, including those made by high-profile individuals and organizations, cross-party endorsements, and endorsements made by newspaper editorial boards. It also includes a bulleted list of links to official lists of endorsements for any candidates who published that information on their campaign websites. Please note that this list is not exhaustive. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please click here.

• Jennifer Dorow
• Daniel Kelly
• Everett Mitchell
• Janet Protasiewicz

Wisconsin Supreme Court election, 2023: Primary endorsements
Endorser	Jennifer Dorow	Daniel Kelly	Everett Mitchell	Janet Claire Protasiewicz
Government officials
U.S. Rep. Glenn Grothman (R)  source	✔
U.S. Rep. Derrick Van Orden (R)  source	✔
Judge Brian Blanchard  source				✔
Justice Ann Walsh Bradley  source				✔
Justice Rebecca Bradley  source		✔
Justice Rebecca Dallet  source				✔
Judge Martin Joseph Donald  source			✔
Judge Shelley Grogan  source		✔
Judge Lisa Neubauer  source				✔
Justice Patience Drake Roggensack  source	✔
Judge Maxine A. White  source			✔
Sen. Janet Bewley (D)  source				✔
Sen. Tim Carpenter (D)  source				✔
Sen. Majority Leader Devin LeMahieu (R)  source	✔
Sen. Kelda Roys (D)  source				✔
Sen. Lena Taylor (D)  source 1 source 2			✔	✔
Sen. Robert Wirch (D)  source				✔
Rep. Deb Andraca (D)  source				✔
Rep. Samba Baldeh (D)  source			✔
Rep. David Bowen (D)  source			✔
Rep. Jonathan Brostoff (D)  source				✔
Rep. Marisabel Cabrera  source				✔
Rep. Dora Drake (D)  source			✔
Rep. Gary Hebl (D)  source				✔
Rep. Francesca Hong (D)  source			✔
Rep. Tip McGuire (D)  source				✔
Rep. LaKeshia Myers (D)  source			✔
Rep. Todd Novak (R)  source	✔
Rep. Tod Ohnstad (D)  source				✔
Rep. Sylvia Ortiz-Velez (D)  source				✔
Rep. Sondy Pope (D)  source				✔
Rep. Christine Sinicki (D)  source				✔
Rep. Ken Skowronski (R)  source				✔
Rep. Mark Spreitzer (D)  source				✔
Rep. Shelia Stubbs (D)  source			✔
Rep. Lisa Subeck (D)  source			✔
Rep. Don Vruwink (D)  source				✔
Individuals
Frmr. Justice Louis Butler  source			✔
Frmr. Justice Jon Wilcox  source	✔
Newspapers and editorials
Daily Kos  source				✔
Organizations
AFSCME Wisconsin  source				✔
AFT-Wisconsin  source				✔
Black Leaders Organizing for Communities  source			✔
Bricklayers & Allied Craftworkers District Council of Wisconsin  source				✔
Citizen Action of Wisconsin  source 1 source 2			✔	✔
Communications Workers of America  source 1 source 2			✔	✔
EMILY's List  source				✔
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Wisconsin State Conference  source				✔
North Central States Regional Council of Carpenters  source				✔
Pro-Life Wisconsin Victory Fund PAC  source		✔
United Auto Workers Wisconsin State CAP Council  source				✔
Wisconsin Family Action PAC  source		✔
Wisconsin Laborers' District Council  source				✔
Wisconsin Right to Life PAC  source 1 source 2	✔	✔

Election competitiveness

Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls

We provide results for polls that are included in polling aggregation from FiveThirtyEight and RealClearPolitics, when available. No polls were available for this election. To notify us of polls published in this election, please email us.

Election spending

Campaign finance

This section contains campaign finance figures from reports submitted to the Wisconsin Ethics Commission in this election. It does not include information on spending by satellite groups. Click here to access the reports.

Satellite spending

See also: Satellite spending

Satellite spending describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.

If available, satellite spending reports by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and OpenSecrets.org are linked below. FEC links include totals from monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual reports. OpenSecrets.org compiles data from those reports as well as 24- and 48-hour reports from the FEC.

Details about satellite spending of significant amounts and/or reported by media are included below those links. The amounts listed may not represent the total satellite spending in the election. To notify us of additional satellite spending, email us.

Click here to search independent expenditures reported to the Wisconsin Ethics Commission.

Spending news

• On February 14, 2023, Women Speak Out PAC, an affiliate of Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America, announced it would spend six figures on mailers, phone calls, and text messages supporting Kelly.

• On February 10, 2023, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported that Conservative Action for America was spending $246,000 on ads supporting Dorow, and Protect our Families was spending $195,000 on ads opposing Dorow.

• On February 8, 2023, WisPolitics reported that the Wisconsin Alliance for Reform and the Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce Issues Mobilization Council were together spending $770,000 to run an ad opposing Protasiewicz in Milwaukee and Green Bay.

• On February 3, 2023, A Better Wisconsin Together, an affiliate of the group ProgressNow, reported that the group was spending $829,000 on ads opposing Dorow. As of February 21, the group's spending had increased to almost $2.2 million.

• On February 2, 2023, Fair Courts America announced that it would begin airing a 30-second television ad supporting Kelly on February 3, spending at least $500,000. As of February 21, the group's spending had increased to almost $2.4 million.

• On January 25, 2023, Fair Courts America announced that it would begin running a 60-second, statewide radio ad supporting Kelly on January 26. The group said it would spend at least $240,000 to run the ad.

• On November 17, 2022, Fair Courts America spokesman Dan Curry stated, "Fair Courts America is committed to spending millions of dollars to help educate voters in support of Justice Dan Kelly."

Election analysis

Click the tabs below to view information about demographics, past elections, and partisan control of the state.

• Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the state.
• Statewide elections - Information about recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections in the state.
• State partisanship - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
• Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.

Presidential elections

See also: Presidential voting trends in Wisconsin and The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index

Cook PVI by congressional district

Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index for Wisconsin, 2022
District	Incumbent	Party	PVI
Wisconsin's 1st	Bryan Steil	Republican	R+3
Wisconsin's 2nd	Mark Pocan	Democratic	D+19
Wisconsin's 3rd	Open	Democratic	R+4
Wisconsin's 4th	Gwen Moore	Democratic	D+25
Wisconsin's 5th	Scott Fitzgerald	Republican	R+14
Wisconsin's 6th	Glenn Grothman	Republican	R+10
Wisconsin's 7th	Tom Tiffany	Republican	R+12
Wisconsin's 8th	Mike Gallagher	Republican	R+10

2020 presidential results by 2022 congressional district lines

2020 presidential results in congressional districts based on 2022 district lines, Wisconsin
District	Joe Biden	Donald Trump
Wisconsin's 1st	48.3%	50.3%
Wisconsin's 2nd	70.2%	28.4%
Wisconsin's 3rd	46.8%	51.5%
Wisconsin's 4th	75.9%	22.8%
Wisconsin's 5th	37.9%	60.8%
Wisconsin's 6th	41.4%	57.0%
Wisconsin's 7th	39.3%	59.2%
Wisconsin's 8th	41.5%	57.0%

2012-2020

How a state's counties vote in a presidential election and the size of those counties can provide additional insights into election outcomes at other levels of government including statewide and congressional races. Below, four categories are used to describe each county's voting pattern over the 2012, 2016, and 2020 presidential elections: Solid, Trending, Battleground, and New. Click [show] on the table below for examples:

County-level voting pattern categories
Democratic
Status	2012	2016	2020
Solid Democratic	D	D	D
Trending Democratic	R	D	D
Battleground Democratic	D	R	D
New Democratic	R	R	D
Republican
Status	2012	2016	2020
Solid Republican	R	R	R
Trending Republican	D	R	R
Battleground Republican	R	D	R
New Republican	D	D	R

Following the 2020 presidential election, 46.1% of Wisconsinites lived in one of the state's 37 Solid Republican counties, which voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election from 2012 to 2020, and 35.7% lived in one of 12 Solid Democratic counties. Overall, Wisconsin was Battleground Democratic, having voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2012, Donald Trump (R) in 2016, and Joe Biden (D) in 2020. Use the table below to view the total number of each type of county in Wisconsin following the 2020 election as well as the overall percentage of the state population located in each county type.

Wisconsin county-level statistics, 2020
Solid Republican	37	46.1%
Solid Democratic	12	35.7%
Trending Republican	21	16.6%
Battleground Democratic	2	1.6%
Total voted Democratic	14	37.3%
Total voted Republican	58	62.7%

Historical voting trends

Wisconsin presidential election results (1900-2020)

• 15 Democratic wins
• 15 Republican wins
• 1 other win

Year	1900	1904	1908	1912	1916	1920	1924	1928	1932	1936	1940	1944	1948	1952	1956	1960	1964	1968	1972	1976	1980	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	2008	2012	2016	2020
Winning Party	R	R	R	D	R	R	P	R	D	D	D	R	D	R	R	R	D	R	R	D	R	R	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	R	D

Statewide elections

This section details the results of the five most recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections held in the state.

U.S. Senate elections

See also: List of United States Senators from Wisconsin

The table below details the vote in the five most recent U.S. Senate races in Wisconsin.

U.S. Senate election results in Wisconsin
Race	Winner	Runner up
2022	50.4%	49.4%
2018	55.4%	44.6%
2016	50.2%	46.8%
2012	51.4%	45.9%
2010	51.9%	47.0%
Average	51.9	46.7

Gubernatorial elections

See also: Governor of Wisconsin

The table below details the vote in the five most recent gubernatorial elections in Wisconsin.

Gubernatorial election results in Wisconsin
Race	Winner	Runner up
2022	51.1%	47.8%
2018	49.5%	48.4%
2014	52.3%	46.6%
2010	52.2%	46.5%
2006	52.8%	45.4%
Average	51.6	46.9

State partisanship

Congressional delegation

The table below displays the partisan composition of Wisconsin's congressional delegation as of January 2023.

Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Wisconsin, January 2023
Party	U.S. Senate	U.S. House	Total
Democratic	1	2	3
Republican	1	6	7
Independent	0	0	0
Vacancies	0	0	0
Total	2	8	10

State executive

The table below displays the officeholders in Wisconsin's top four state executive offices as of January 2023.

State executive officials in Wisconsin, January 2023
Office	Officeholder
Governor	Tony Evers
Lieutenant Governor	Sara Rodriguez
Secretary of State	Dogulas J. La Follette
Attorney General	Josh Kaul

State legislature

The tables below highlight the partisan composition of the Wisconsin State Legislature as of January 2023.

Wisconsin State Senate

Party		As of January 2023
	Democratic Party	11
	Republican Party	21
	Vacancies	1
Total		33

Wisconsin State Assembly

Party		As of January 2023
	Democratic Party	35
	Republican Party	64
	Vacancies	0
Total		99

Trifecta control

As of January 2023, Wisconsin was a divided government, with Democrats controlling the governorship and Republican majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. The table below displays the historical trifecta status of the state.

Wisconsin Party Control: 1992-2023
Two years of Democratic trifectas  •  Ten years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99	00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07	08	09	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23
Governor	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	D	D	D	D	D
Senate	D	R	R	R	D	D	R	D	D	D	D	R	R	R	R	D	D	D	D	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R
House	D	D	D	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	D	D	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R

Demographics

The table below details demographic data in Wisconsin and compares it to the broader United States as of 2019.

Demographic Data for Wisconsin
	Wisconsin	United States
Population	5,686,986	308,745,538
Land area (sq mi)	54,167	3,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White	85.4%	72.5%
Black/African American	6.4%	12.7%
Asian	2.8%	5.5%
Native American	0.9%	0.8%
Pacific Islander	0%	0.2%
Two or more	2.4%	3.3%
Hispanic/Latino	6.8%	18%
Education
High school graduation rate	92.2%	88%
College graduation rate	30.1%	32.1%
Income
Median household income	$61,747	$62,843
Persons below poverty level	11.3%	13.4%
Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2010). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2014-2019).
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

Election context

April 4 ballot measures

See also: Wisconsin 2023 ballot measures

The April 4, 2023, general election ballot included three ballot questions—two constitutional measures and one advisory question. On January 19, 2023, the Wisconsin State Legislature passed Senate Joint Resolution 2, sending to the ballot two ballot questions related to conditions for the release of an accused person before conviction and cash bail. Also on January 19, the legislature voted to refer an advisory question to the April ballot asking voters whether able-bodied childless adults should have to apply for work before receiving welfare benefits.

Wisconsin Question 1, Conditions of Release Before Conviction Amendment (April 2023)

The ballot question for the amendment was as follows:

“ Question 1: Conditions of release before conviction. Shall section 8 (2) of article I of the constitution be amended to allow a court to impose on an accused person being released before conviction conditions that are designed to protect the community from serious harm? ”

Wisconsin Question 2, Conditions for Cash Bail Amendment (April 2023)

The ballot question for the amendment was as follows:

“ Question 2: Cash bail before conviction. Shall section 8 (2) of article I of the constitution be amended to allow a court to impose cash bail on a person accused of a violent crime based on the totality of the circumstances, including the accused's previous convictions for a violent crime, the probability that the accused will fail to appear, the need to protect the community from serious harm and prevent witness intimidation, and potential affirmative defenses? ”

Wisconsin Question 3, Work Requirement for Welfare Benefits Advisory Question (April 2023)

The full text of the measure was as follows:

“ Resolved by the senate, the assembly concurring, That the following question be submitted, for advisory purposes only, to the voters of this state at the spring election to be held in April 2023: “Shall able-bodied, childless adults be required to look for work in order to receive taxpayer-funded welfare benefits?" ”

Ballot access requirements

The table below details filing requirements for supreme court candidates in Wisconsin in the 2023 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Wisconsin, click here.

Filing requirements for supreme court candidates, 2023
State	Office	Party	Signatures required	Filing fee	Filing deadline	Source	Notes
Wisconsin	Justice of the Supreme Court	All candidates	2,000	N/A	January 3, 2023	Source

Overview

Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2005-2020
Year	Winning candidate	Ideological lean	Percent share of vote	Losing candidate	Ideological lean	Percent share of vote	Margin of victory	Majority on court	Turnout	Other statewide elections on ballot
2020	Jill Karofsky	Liberal	55.2%	Daniel Kelly	Conservative	44.7%	10.5%	4-3	45.8%	Primary election - U.S. President
2019	Brian Hagedorn	Conservative	50.2%	Lisa Neubauer	Liberal	49.7%	0.5%	5-2	26.6%	None
2018	Rebecca Dallet	Liberal	55.8%	Michael Screnock	Conservative	44.2%	11.5%	4-3	22.2%	None
2017	Annette Ziegler (incumbent)	Conservative	97.2%	Write-in	--	2.8%	94.4%	5-2	~16%	State Superintendent of Public Instruction
2016	Rebecca Bradley (incumbent)	Conservative	52.4%	JoAnne Kloppenburg	Liberal	47.5%	4.9%	5-2	47.4%	Primary election - U.S. President
2015	Ann Walsh Bradley (incumbent)	Liberal	58.1%	James Daley	Conservative	41.9%	16.2%	4-3	18.3%	None
2013	Patience Roggensack (incumbent)	Conservative	57.5%	Ed Fallone	Liberal	42.5%	15%	4-3	20.5%	State Superintendent of Public Instruction
2011	David T. Prosser (incumbent)	Conservative	50.2%	JoAnne Kloppenburg	Liberal	49.7%	0.5%	4-3	34.3%	None
2009	Shirley Abrahamson (incumbent)	Liberal	59.6%	Randy Koschnick	Conservative	40.2%	19.4%	4-3	18.2%	None
2008	Michael Gableman	Conservative	51.1%	Louis Butler (incumbent)	Liberal	48.5%	2.6%	4-3	19.3%	None
2007	Annette Ziegler	Conservative	58.6%	Linda M. Clifford	Liberal	41.1%	17.5%	4-3	19.4%	None
2006	N. Patrick Crooks (incumbent)	Liberal	99.4%	Write-in	--	0.6%	98.8%	4-3	11.8%	None
2005	Ann Walsh Bradley (incumbent)	Liberal	99.6%	Write-in	--	0.4%	99.2%	4-3	17.1%	State Superintendent of Public Instruction

2020

Main article: Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2020

General election

General election for Wisconsin Supreme Court

Jill Karofsky defeated incumbent Daniel Kelly in the general election for Wisconsin Supreme Court on April 7, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Jill Karofsky (Nonpartisan)	55.2	855,573
		Daniel Kelly (Nonpartisan)	44.7	693,134
		Other/Write-in votes	0.1	990

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	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,549,697
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court

Incumbent Daniel Kelly and Jill Karofsky defeated Edward A. Fallone in the primary for Wisconsin Supreme Court on February 18, 2020.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Daniel Kelly (Nonpartisan)	50.1	352,876
✔		Jill Karofsky (Nonpartisan)	37.2	261,783
		Edward A. Fallone (Nonpartisan)	12.7	89,184

---

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 703,843
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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2019

See also: Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2019

Wisconsin Court of Appeals Judge Brian Hagedorn defeated Wisconsin Court of Appeals Judge Lisa Neubauer in the nonpartisan election for a 10-year term on the Wisconsin Supreme Court on April 2, 2019. Hagedorn won with 50% support. The seat was previously held by Justice Shirley Abrahamson, a member of the court's 4-3 liberal minority at the time of the election. Abrahamson did not run for re-election.

Although the election was officially nonpartisan, groups associated with the Democratic Party tended to support Neubauer while groups associated with the Republican Party tended to support Hagedorn.

General election

General election for Wisconsin Supreme Court

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Brian Hagedorn (Nonpartisan)	50.2	606,414
		Lisa Neubauer (Nonpartisan)	49.7	600,433
		Other/Write-in votes	0.1	722

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	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,207,569
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

2018

See also: Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2018

Milwaukee County Circuit Judge Rebecca Dallet won the nonpartisan election for a 10-year term on the Wisconsin Supreme Court against Sauk County Circuit Judge Michael Screnock on April 3, 2018. Dallet won with 56 percent support. The seat was previously held by Justice Michael Gableman, a member of the court's 5-2 conservative majority at the time of the election, who did not seek re-election.

Although the election was officially nonpartisan, groups associated with the Democratic Party tended to support Dallet while groups associated with the Republican Party tended to support Screnock.

Wisconsin Supreme Court, 2018
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Rebecca Dallet	55.72%	555,848
Michael Screnock	44.19%	440,808
Total Votes (3880/3880 precincts)		996,656
Source: Wisconsin Elections Commission

2017

See also: Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2017

Candidates

■ Annette Ziegler (Incumbent/Unopposed)
One seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court was up for election in 2017. Justice Annette Ziegler was elected to the court in 2007 for a 10-year term and needed to stand for re-election in 2017 in order to serve another term. She ran unopposed. Because she was unopposed, the seat did not appear on the ballot in Wisconsin's February primary election but instead appeared only on the ballot for the April 4 general election.

2016

See also: Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2016

Wisconsin Supreme Court, Rebecca Bradley's Seat, 2016
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Rebecca Bradley Incumbent	52.35%	1,024,892
JoAnne Kloppenburg	47.47%	929,377
Write-in votes	0.19%	3,678
Total Votes (100% Reporting)		1,957,947
Source: Wisconsin Government Accountability Board Official Results

One seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court was up for election in 2016. Following the death of Justice N. Patrick Crooks on September 21, 2015, Rebecca Bradley was appointed to the Wisconsin Supreme Court by Governor Scott Walker (R) on October 9, 2015. Earlier in September, Crooks had announced his plans to retire at the end of his term. Bradley had already announced a run for Crooks' seat before his death.

Bradley and opponent JoAnne Kloppenburg received the highest number of votes for Bradley's seat in the primary on February 16, 2016, knocking Joe Donald out of the race. Bradley and Kloppenburg then faced each other in the sharply contested April general election. Bradley won. The race had the highest voter turnout for a supreme court race in Wisconsin state history, with over 1,900,000 votes cast.

2015

See also: Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2015

See also: Wisconsin judicial elections, 2015

 

General election, 2015
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Ann Walsh Bradley Incumbent	58.1%	471,866
James Daley	41.9%	340,632
Total Votes		813,200

One seat was open for election on the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2015. Incumbent Justice Ann Walsh Bradley defeated Rock County Circuit Court Judge James Daley in the general election on April 7, 2015. Although the election was nonpartisan, Bradley is considered to be part of the liberal minority on the court. If Daley won, conservatives would have held a five-member majority on the seven-member court.

Justice Bradley was elected to the court in 1995 and re-elected in 2005. She previously served as a circuit court judge for 10 years in Marathon County. Judge Daley joined the Rock County Circuit Court since 1989.

2013

See also: Wisconsin judicial elections, 2013

Candidate	Incumbency	Position	Primary Vote	Election Vote
RoggensackPatience Roggensack
FalloneEd Fallone	No		29.8%A	42.47%   A
MegnaVince Megna	No		6.3%

One seat was open for election on the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2013. Incumbent Justice Patience Roggensack defeated law professor Ed Fallone in the general election on April 2, 2013. Although the election was nonpartisan, Roggensack is considered to be a member of the court's conservative majority. If Fallone had won, control of the court would have gone to the liberal wing.

Justice Roggensack was first elected to the court in 2003. She previously served for seven years on the Wisconsin Court of Appeals and for 16 years as an attorney in private practice.

2011

See also: Wisconsin judicial elections, 2011

Candidate	Incumbency	Position	Primary Vote	Election Vote
KloppenburgJoAnne Kloppenburg	No	District IV		49.70%   A
ProsserDavid T. Prosser   A	Yes			50.192%   A
WinnigJoel Winnig	No
StephensMarla J. Stephens	No

One seat was open for election on the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2011. Incumbent Justice David T. Prosser defeated Assistant Attorney General JoAnne Kloppenburg in the general election on April 5, 2011. Although the election was nonpartisan, Prosser is considered to be a member of the court's conservative majority. If Kloppenburg had won, control of the court would have gone to the liberal wing.

Justice Prosser was first appointed to the court in 1998 by Gov. Tommy Thompson (R) and was elected to a full term in 2001. He had previously served on the Wisconsin Tax Appeals Commission and in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

2009

Candidate	Incumbent	Seat	Election votes	Election %
Shirley Abrahamson A	Yes		473,712	59.6%
Randy Koschnick	No		319,706	40.2%

2008

See also: State Supreme Court elections, 2008

Incumbent Louis Butler was defeated by challenger Michael Gableman.

Candidate	Incumbent	Seat	Election votes	Election %
Michael Gableman A	No		425,101	51.1%
Louis Butler	Yes		402,798	48.5%

About the Wisconsin Supreme Court

See also: Wisconsin Supreme Court

The Wisconsin Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in the state of Wisconsin. Seven justices, selected in nonpartisan elections for 10-year terms, sit on the state's court of last resort. The court has jurisdiction over all other Wisconsin courts and can also hear original actions.

Political composition

This is the political composition of the supreme court heading into the 2023 election. Justices are selected in nonpartisan elections. In the case of a mid-term vacancy, the governor appoints a replacement.

■ Brian Hagedorn		Elected in 2019
■ Ann Walsh Bradley		Elected in 1995, 2005, and 2015
■ Patience Roggensack		Elected in 2003 and 2013
■ Annette Ziegler		Elected in 2007 and 2017
■ Rebecca Dallet		Elected in 2018
■ Rebecca Bradley		Appointed by Scott Walker (R) in 2015, elected 2016
■ Jill Karofsky		Elected in 2020

Selection

See also: Nonpartisan election of judges

The seven justices of the Wisconsin Supreme Court are elected in nonpartisan elections. Justices serve 10-year terms. In the event of a midterm vacancy, the governor appoints a replacement. If the vacancy occurs after that year's spring election and on or before December 1 of the same year, the appointee must stand for election in the next succeeding spring election in which no other justice is to be elected. If the vacancy occurs after December 1 but before the following spring's election, the appointee must stand for election in the next spring election—beginning with the second spring election from the time of the appointment—in which no other justice is to be elected.

The governor solicits recommendations from an Advisory Council on Judicial Selection in making his or her appointments, but is not required to choose one of the suggested appointees.

Qualifications

To serve on the supreme court, a justice must be:

• a qualified elector in the state; and
• licensed to practice law in the state for at least five years immediately prior to appointment or election to the court.

Selection of the chief judge

The chief justice of the supreme court is elected by a majority of the justices serving on the Court to serve a two-year term.

2023 battleground elections

See also: Battlegrounds

This election was a battleground race. Other 2023 battleground elections included:

• Mayoral election in Jacksonville, Florida (March 21, 2023, general election)
• Pennsylvania House of Representatives special elections (May 16, 2023)
• Wichita Public Schools, Kansas, elections (2023)

See also

Wisconsin	Judicial Selection	More Courts
Courts in Wisconsin Wisconsin Court of Appeals Wisconsin Supreme Court	Elections: 2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 Gubernatorial appointments Judicial selection in Wisconsin	Federal courts State courts Local courts

External links

• Search Google News for this topic
• Wisconsin Supreme Court

Footnotes

Wisconsin courts

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Federal courts:

Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals • U.S. District Court: Eastern District of Wisconsin, Western District of Wisconsin • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: Eastern District of Wisconsin, Western District of Wisconsin

State courts:

Wisconsin Supreme Court • Wisconsin Court of Appeals • Wisconsin Circuit Courts • Wisconsin Municipal Courts

State resources:

Courts in Wisconsin • Wisconsin judicial elections • Judicial selection in Wisconsin

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