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Vermont gubernatorial election, 2024
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Governor of Vermont |
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Democratic primary Republican primary General election |
Election details |
Filing deadline: May 30, 2024 |
Primary: August 13, 2024 General: November 5, 2024 Pre-election incumbent(s): Phil Scott |
How to vote |
Poll times: Open between 5 a.m. to 10 a.m.; close at 7 p.m. Voting in Vermont |
Race ratings |
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Republican Inside Elections: Solid Republican |
Ballotpedia analysis |
Federal and state primary competitiveness State executive elections in 2024 Impact of term limits in 2024 State government trifectas State government triplexes Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024 |
Vermont executive elections |
Governor Lieutenant Governor |
Incumbent Gov. Phil Scott (R) defeated Esther Charlestin (D) and three other candidates in the Vermont gubernatorial election.[1] Scott was first elected in 2016 and won re-election in 2018, 2020, and 2022. In 2022, he won with 71% of the vote in a field of five candidates. Heading into the 2024 general elections, Vermont had a divided government. Republicans controlled the governorship, and Democrats controlled both legislative chambers.
The primary was August 13, 2024. The filing deadline was May 30, 2024.
Incumbent Phil Scott won election in the general election for Governor of Vermont.
This was one of 11 gubernatorial elections that took place in 2024. The governor serves as a state's top executive official and is the only executive office elected in all 50 states. At the time of the 2024 elections, there were 27 Republican governors and 23 Democratic governors. Click here for an overview of all 11 gubernatorial elections that took place in 2024.
Heading into the 2024 elections, there were 23 Republican trifectas, 17 Democratic trifectas, and 10 divided governments where neither party held trifecta control. There were 25 Republican triplexes, 20 Democratic triplexes, and five divided governments where neither party held triplex control.
A state government trifecta refers to a situation where one party controls a state's governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. A state government triplex refers to a situation where the governor, attorney general, and secretary of state are all members of the same political party.
For more information about the primaries in this election, click on the links below:
- Vermont gubernatorial election, 2024 (August 13 Democratic primary)
- Vermont gubernatorial election, 2024 (August 13 Republican primary)
Candidates and election results
General election
General election for Governor of Vermont
Incumbent Phil Scott defeated Esther Charlestin, Kevin Hoyt, June Goodband, and Poa Mutino in the general election for Governor of Vermont on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Phil Scott (R) | 73.4 | 266,439 | |
Esther Charlestin (D / Vermont Progressive Party) | 21.8 | 79,217 | ||
Kevin Hoyt (Independent) | 2.6 | 9,368 | ||
June Goodband (Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party) | 1.2 | 4,512 | ||
Poa Mutino (Independent) | 0.7 | 2,414 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 0.2 | 891 |
Total votes: 362,841 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Marielle Blais (Vermont Progressive Party)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Governor of Vermont
Esther Charlestin defeated Peter Duval in the Democratic primary for Governor of Vermont on August 13, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Esther Charlestin | 62.3 | 24,007 | |
Peter Duval | 24.3 | 9,377 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 13.4 | 5,159 |
Total votes: 38,543 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Republican primary election
Republican primary for Governor of Vermont
Incumbent Phil Scott advanced from the Republican primary for Governor of Vermont on August 13, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Phil Scott | 98.1 | 23,173 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 1.9 | 448 |
Total votes: 23,621 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Vermont Progressive Party primary election
Vermont Progressive Party primary for Governor of Vermont
Marielle Blais advanced from the Vermont Progressive Party primary for Governor of Vermont on August 13, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Marielle Blais | 78.1 | 268 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 21.9 | 75 |
Total votes: 343 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Candidate profiles
This section includes candidate profiles that may be created in one of two ways: either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey, or Ballotpedia staff may compile a profile based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements after identifying the candidate as noteworthy. For more on how we select candidates to include, click here.
Party: Democratic Party, Vermont Progressive Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "I am a Mother, an Educator, a Small Business owner, and a Public Servant. There are many reasons why I am running to be the next Governor of Vermont, but the biggest reason is to create a better, more livable state for my two children. After years of working in education, I ran and won a seat on the Middlebury Select board, and in 2023 received a Leahy award for exceptional leadership in the community. I was overwhelmingly re-elected to my seat, ranking as the top vote getter in the race. One of my great strengths as a prospective Governor is my lived experience. The empathy I have for those in our communities that often are with out voices or seats at the table I believe is an imperative in our leader. I have dealt with the struggles of a lack of affordable housing. I have seen first hand the damage of climate change disasters. I have spent years in education witnessing the issues of a system that is underfunded and yet still disproportionately expensive for working families. The other key strength I bring to this race is a passionate proactivity. We live in a world where the issues of tomorrow are not far in the distance. They are here. We need a governor who will proactively work with others to find comprehensive solutions, and fast. That is what I promise to do. Inaction is not a luxury we can afford."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Governor of Vermont in 2024.
Party: Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party
Incumbent: No
Political Office: None
Submitted Biography: "June Goodband has worked for over 30 years as a counselor, supporting people’s efforts to experience emotional wellbeing and live meaningful lives without addictive substances. She has seen how public policy affects people’s lives and witnessed how the strong influence of corporations on government has led to more and more people struggling to survive. She is not interested in helping people adjust to a system that treats people like commodities to be used and thrown away. She is seeking election as Governor of the state of Vermont because she believes that in this small state we can make substantial changes that will send ripples around the nation. June wants to shift the focus of state government toward investing in people and communities and protecting our natural environment. We can do this by abandoning expensive strategies that don’t work, and creating vibrant and resilient communities together."
This information was current as of the candidate's run for Governor of Vermont in 2024.
Voting information
- See also: Voting in Vermont
Republican-held governorship in state Biden won
- See also: Gubernatorial elections, 2024
This is one of two governorships Republicans were defending in states President Joe Biden (D) won in 2020: New Hampshire and Vermont.
Democrats were defending one governorship in a state that Donald Trump (R) won in 2020: North Carolina.
Past elections
The section below details election results for this office in elections dating back to 2018.
2022
- See also: Vermont gubernatorial election, 2022
General election
General election for Governor of Vermont
Incumbent Phil Scott defeated Brenda Siegel, Kevin Hoyt, Peter Duval, and Bernard Peters in the general election for Governor of Vermont on November 8, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Phil Scott (R) | 71.0 | 202,147 | |
Brenda Siegel (D / Vermont Progressive Party) | 24.0 | 68,248 | ||
Kevin Hoyt (Independent) | 2.1 | 6,022 | ||
Peter Duval (Independent) | 1.7 | 4,723 | ||
Bernard Peters (Independent) | 0.8 | 2,315 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 0.5 | 1,346 |
Total votes: 284,801 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Susan Hatch Davis (Vermont Progressive Party)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Governor of Vermont
Brenda Siegel advanced from the Democratic primary for Governor of Vermont on August 9, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Brenda Siegel | 85.9 | 56,288 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 14.1 | 9,235 |
Total votes: 65,523 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Republican primary election
Republican primary for Governor of Vermont
Incumbent Phil Scott defeated Stephen Bellows and Peter Duval in the Republican primary for Governor of Vermont on August 9, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Phil Scott | 68.6 | 20,319 | |
Stephen Bellows | 18.2 | 5,402 | ||
Peter Duval | 12.2 | 3,627 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 1.0 | 290 |
Total votes: 29,638 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Vermont Progressive Party primary election
Vermont Progressive Party primary for Governor of Vermont
Susan Hatch Davis advanced from the Vermont Progressive Party primary for Governor of Vermont on August 9, 2022.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Susan Hatch Davis | 87.4 | 470 | |
Other/Write-in votes | 12.6 | 68 |
Total votes: 538 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
2020
- See also: Vermont gubernatorial election, 2020
General election
General election for Governor of Vermont
The following candidates ran in the general election for Governor of Vermont on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Phil Scott (R) | 68.5 | 248,412 | |
David Zuckerman (Vermont Progressive Party / D) | 27.4 | 99,214 | ||
Kevin Hoyt (Independent) | 1.3 | 4,576 | ||
Emily Peyton (Truth Matters Party) | 1.0 | 3,505 | ||
Erynn Whitney (Independent) | 0.5 | 1,777 | ||
Wayne Billado III (Independent) | 0.4 | 1,431 | ||
Michael Devost (Independent) | 0.3 | 1,160 | ||
Charly Dickerson (Independent) | 0.3 | 1,037 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 0.4 | 1,599 |
Total votes: 362,711 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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Watch the Candidate Conversation for this race!
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- John Klar (Independent)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Governor of Vermont
David Zuckerman defeated Rebecca Holcombe, Patrick Winburn, and Ralph Corbo in the Democratic primary for Governor of Vermont on August 11, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | David Zuckerman | 47.6 | 48,150 | |
Rebecca Holcombe | 37.1 | 37,599 | ||
Patrick Winburn | 7.6 | 7,662 | ||
Ralph Corbo | 1.3 | 1,288 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 6.5 | 6,533 |
Total votes: 101,232 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Republican primary election
Republican primary for Governor of Vermont
Incumbent Phil Scott defeated John Klar, Emily Peyton, Douglas Cavett, and Bernard Peters in the Republican primary for Governor of Vermont on August 11, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Phil Scott | 72.7 | 42,275 | |
John Klar | 21.9 | 12,762 | ||
Emily Peyton | 1.7 | 970 | ||
Douglas Cavett | 1.7 | 966 | ||
Bernard Peters | 1.3 | 772 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 0.7 | 426 |
Total votes: 58,171 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Vermont Progressive Party primary election
Vermont Progressive Party primary for Governor of Vermont
David Zuckerman defeated Cris Ericson and Boots Wardinski in the Vermont Progressive Party primary for Governor of Vermont on August 11, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | David Zuckerman (Write-in) | 32.6 | 273 | |
Cris Ericson | 30.3 | 254 | ||
Boots Wardinski | 28.5 | 239 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 8.6 | 72 |
Total votes: 838 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
2018
- See also: Vermont gubernatorial election, 2018
General election
General election for Governor of Vermont
The following candidates ran in the general election for Governor of Vermont on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Phil Scott (R) | 55.2 | 151,261 | |
Christine Hallquist (D) | 40.3 | 110,335 | ||
Trevor Barlow (Independent) | 1.2 | 3,266 | ||
Charles Laramie (Independent) | 0.8 | 2,287 | ||
Cris Ericson (Independent) | 0.8 | 2,129 | ||
Stephen Marx (Earth Rights Party) | 0.7 | 1,855 | ||
Emily Peyton (Liberty Union Party) | 0.7 | 1,839 | ||
Other/Write-in votes | 0.4 | 1,115 |
Total votes: 274,087 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
- Joseph Barney (Independent)
Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for Governor of Vermont
Christine Hallquist defeated James Ehlers, Brenda Siegel, and Ethan Sonneborn in the Democratic primary for Governor of Vermont on August 14, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Christine Hallquist | 48.2 | 27,622 | |
James Ehlers | 22.1 | 12,668 | ||
Brenda Siegel | 21.4 | 12,262 | ||
Ethan Sonneborn | 8.2 | 4,696 |
Total votes: 57,248 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Republican primary election
Republican primary for Governor of Vermont
Incumbent Phil Scott defeated Keith Stern in the Republican primary for Governor of Vermont on August 14, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
✔ | Phil Scott | 67.4 | 24,142 | |
Keith Stern | 32.6 | 11,669 |
Total votes: 35,811 | ||||
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. |
Ballot access
The table below details filing requirements for gubernatorial candidates in Vermont in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Vermont, click here.
Filing requirements for gubernatorial candidates, 2024 | ||||||
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State | Office | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source | Qualifications |
Vermont | Governor | 500 | N/A | 5/30/2024 | Source | Must be at least 30 years of age, and have been a citizen and resident of Vermont for at least 6 years next preceding his election. |
Election analysis
Click the tabs below to view information about demographics, past elections, and partisan control of the state.
- Presidential elections - Information about presidential elections in the state.
- Statewide elections - Information about recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections in the state.
- State partisanship - The partisan makeup of the state's congressional delegation and state government.
- Demographics - Information about the state's demographics and how they compare to the country as a whole.
Cook PVI by congressional district
Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index for Vermont, 2024 | |||
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District | Incumbent | Party | PVI |
Vermont's At-Large | Becca Balint | D+16 |
2020 presidential results by 2024 congressional district lines
2020 presidential results in congressional districts based on 2024 district lines, Vermont[8] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
District | Joe Biden |
Donald Trump | ||
Vermont's At-Large | 66.4% | 30.8% |
2012-2020
How a state's counties vote in a presidential election and the size of those counties can provide additional insights into election outcomes at other levels of government including statewide and congressional races. Below, four categories are used to describe each county's voting pattern over the 2012, 2016, and 2020 presidential elections: Solid, Trending, Battleground, and New. Click [show] on the table below for examples:
County-level voting pattern categories | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | |||||||
Status | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | ||||
Solid Democratic | D | D | D | ||||
Trending Democratic | R | D | D | ||||
Battleground Democratic | D | R | D | ||||
New Democratic | R | R | D | ||||
Republican | |||||||
Status | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | ||||
Solid Republican | R | R | R | ||||
Trending Republican | D | R | R | ||||
Battleground Republican | R | D | R | ||||
New Republican | D | D | R |
Following the 2020 presidential election, 99.1% of Vermonters lived in one of the state's 13 Solid Democratic counties, which voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election from 2012 to 2020, and 0.9% lived Essex County, the state's one Trending Republican county. Overall, Vermont was Solid Democratic, having voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2012, Hillary Clinton (D) in 2016, and Joe Biden (D) in 2020. Use the table below to view the total number of each type of county in Vermont following the 2020 election as well as the overall percentage of the state population located in each county type.
Vermont county-level statistics, 2020 | |||||||
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Solid Democratic | 13 | 99.1% | |||||
Trending Republican | 1 | 0.9% | |||||
Total voted Democratic | 13 | 99.1% | |||||
Total voted Republican | 1 | 0.9% |
Historical voting trends
Vermont presidential election results (1900-2020)
- 9 Democratic wins
- 22 Republican wins
Year | 1900 | 1904 | 1908 | 1912 | 1916 | 1920 | 1924 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1940 | 1944 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winning Party | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
This section details the results of the five most recent U.S. Senate and gubernatorial elections held in the state.
U.S. Senate elections
The table below details the vote in the five most recent U.S. Senate races in Vermont.
U.S. Senate election results in Vermont | ||
---|---|---|
Race | Winner | Runner up |
2022 | 68.5% |
28.0% |
2018 | 67.4% |
27.5% |
2016 | 61.3% |
33.0% |
2012 | 71.0% |
24.9% |
2010 | 64.4% |
30.9% |
Average | 65.9 | 29.7 |
Gubernatorial elections
- See also: Governor of Vermont
The table below details the vote in the five most recent gubernatorial elections in Vermont.
Gubernatorial election results in Vermont | ||
---|---|---|
Race | Winner | Runner up |
2022 | 71.0% |
24.0% |
2020 | 68.5% |
27.3% |
2018 | 55.2% |
40.2% |
2016 | 52.9% |
44.2% |
2014 | 46.4% |
45.1% |
Average | 56.2 | 38.9 |
Congressional delegation
The table below displays the partisan composition of Vermont's congressional delegation as of May 2024.
Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Vermont | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | U.S. Senate | U.S. House | Total |
Democratic | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Republican | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Independent | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Vacancies | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2 | 1 | 3 |
State executive
The table below displays the officeholders in Vermont's top four state executive offices as of May 2024.
State executive officials in Vermont, May 2024 | |
---|---|
Office | Officeholder |
Governor | |
Lieutenant Governor | |
Secretary of State | |
Attorney General |
State legislature
Vermont State Senate
Party | As of February 2024 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 22 | |
Republican Party | 7 | |
Vermont Progressive Party | 1 | |
Other | 0 | |
Vacancies | 0 | |
Total | 30 |
Vermont House of Representatives
Party | As of February 2024 | |
---|---|---|
Democratic Party | 106 | |
Republican Party | 37 | |
Vermont Progressive Party | 3 | |
Independent | 3 | |
Libertarian Party | 1 | |
Other | 0 | |
Vacancies | 0 | |
Total | 150 |
Trifecta control
The table below shows the state's trifecta status from 1992 until the 2024 election.
Vermont Party Control: 1992-2024
Ten years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Governor | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Senate | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
House | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
The table below details demographic data in Vermont and compares it to the broader United States as of 2022.
Demographic Data for Vermont | ||
---|---|---|
Vermont | United States | |
Population | 643,077 | 331,449,281 |
Land area (sq mi) | 9,217 | 3,531,905 |
Race and ethnicity** | ||
White | 92.3% | 65.9% |
Black/African American | 1.2% | 12.5% |
Asian | 1.7% | 5.8% |
Native American | 0.2% | 0.8% |
Pacific Islander | 0% | 0.2% |
Other (single race) | 0.6% | 6% |
Multiple | 4% | 8.8% |
Hispanic/Latino | 2.1% | 18.7% |
Education | ||
High school graduation rate | 94.2% | 89.1% |
College graduation rate | 41.7% | 34.3% |
Income | ||
Median household income | $74,014 | $75,149 |
Persons below poverty level | 5.9% | 8.8% |
Source: population provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "Decennial Census" (2020). Other figures provided by U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2017-2022). | ||
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here. |
See also
Vermont | State Executive Elections | News and Analysis |
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External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Decision Desk HQ, "Vermont Governor All Parties General Election," accessed November 5, 2024
- ↑ 2022 election for New Hampshire and Vermont.
- ↑ Justice was elected as a Democrat and switched to the Republican Party in 2017.
- ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
- ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012," accessed December 15, 2023
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