United States Senate elections, 2024

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2024 U.S. Senate Elections
Election Date
November 5, 2024
U.S. Senate Elections by State
Arizona • California • California (special) • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Hawaii • Indiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nebraska (special) • Nevada • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Dakota • Ohio • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming
U.S. House Elections


Republicans won control of the U.S. Senate, winning a 53-45 majority with two independents as a result of the November 5, 2024 elections.[1]

As a result of the elections, Republicans gained four seats in Montana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Democrats gained one seat in Arizona. This was a net change of +4 Republicans, -2 Democrats, and -2 independents.

Heading into the 2024 general election, Democrats had a 47-49 majority with four independents. Three of those independents caucused with the Democratic Party, and one other, Sen. Kyrsten Sinema counted towards the Democratic majority for committee purposes.

Thirty-four of 100 Senate seats were up for election. Thirty-three of those seats were up for regular election, and one[2] was up for a special election. Democrats were defending three Senate seats, in Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia, in states Donald Trump (R) won in the 2020 presidential election. Republicans were not defending any Senate seats in states Joe Biden (D) won in 2020.

Of the seats up for election in 2024, Democrats held 19, Republicans held 11, and independents held four. Eight members of the U.S. Senate did not run for re-election, more than in any year since 2012.

Ballotpedia identified 15 races (41.2%) as general election battlegrounds in 2024. Heading into the elections, Democrats held 11 of those seats, Republicans held three, and independents held one. Republicans won three seats previously held by Democrats in Montana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania and Democrats won the seat in Arizona, previously held by Kyrsten Sinema (I).

Ten seats were open because the incumbent did not run for re-election. Nine incumbents retired from public office and one incumbent ran for another office. Click here to learn more.

Ballotpedia does not include incumbents leaving office early in our analysis of incumbents not running for re-election. For more information about incumbents who left office early or announced resignations, click here.

Two special elections also took place on Nov. 5, 2024. One special election was held to fill the last two years of the six-year term that Sen. Ben Sasse (R-Neb.) was elected to in 2020.[3] The other special election was held to fill the rest of the six-year term that Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) was elected to in 2018. Feinstein died on Sept. 29, 2023. The Senate seat Feinstein held was also up for regular election on Nov. 5, 2024.[4]

Click here for coverage of U.S. Senate elections in 2022.

Click on the links below to jump to the various sections on this page:

Partisan balance

U.S. Senate Partisan Breakdown
Party As of November 5, 2024 After the 2024 Election
     Democratic Party
47[5]
45[6]
     Republican Party
49
53
     Independent
4[5]
2[6]
Total
100
100


The chart below shows historical partisan breakdown information for the chamber.


Election results, 2024

See also: Election results, 2024: U.S. Senate


Table last updated: October 24, 2024


Incumbents who did not run for re-election


Eight United States Senators did not seek re-election to their U.S. Senate seats (not including those who left office early):

  • Democratic Party 4 Democrats
  • Republican Party 2 Republicans
  • Independent 2 Independent

Incumbents retiring from public office

  • Democratic Party 4 Democrats
  • Republican Party 1 Republican
  • Independent 2 Independent
Retired from public office, 2024
Name Party State Date announced
Kyrsten Sinema Independent Independent Arizona March 5, 2024[12]
Joe Manchin Independent Independent West Virginia November 9, 2023[13]
Laphonza Butler Democratic Party Democrat California October 19, 2023[14][15]
Debbie Stabenow Democratic Party Democrat Michigan January 5, 2023[16]
Ben Cardin Democratic Party Democrat Maryland May 1, 2023[17]
Tom Carper Democratic Party Democrat Delaware May 22, 2023[18]
Mitt Romney Republican Party Republican Utah September 13, 2023[19]

Incumbents seeking other offices

  • Republican Party 1 Republican
Ran for governor, 2024
Name Party State Date announced
Mike Braun Republican Party Republican Indiana November 30, 2022[20]


Battlegrounds

Elections for 34 U.S. Senate seats took place in 2024. Thirty-three of those seats were up for regular election, and one[21] was up for a special election. Ahead of the November election, Democrats had a majority in the U.S. Senate, controlling 51 seats[22] to Republicans' 49.

Ballotpedia identified 15 races as general election battlegrounds in 2024.

These battleground races were selected using the following criteria. For more information on our methodology, click here:

  • the results of the 2020 presidential election in each state,
  • whether the incumbent was seeking re-election,
  • whether the incumbent was serving his or her first term in the U.S. Senate, and
  • how the Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections with Nathan Gonzales rated the race.

In addition to the competitiveness data above, races were included if they were particularly compelling or meaningful to the balance of power in governments for other reasons.

In 2022, Ballotpedia identified 12 U.S. Senate battleground races: four Democratic seats and eight Republican seats. Democrats won one Republican-held seat. Republicans won no seats held by Democrats.

Click on the links below to learn more about battleground races of other types:

The following map displays all states that held U.S. Senate elections in 2024 shaded by the incumbent's or most recent incumbent's political affiliation. Battleground races are highlighted in lighter colors. Hover over a state for more information.

The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2023-24 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the DSCC for the 2023-24 election cycle
Month
(Dates covered) 		Total receipts Total disbursements Cash on hand (end of month) Debts owed (end of month) FEC document
Year-End 2024
(November 26-December 31, 2024)		 $5,774,614.31 $9,623,855.02 $11,417,976.88 $20,000,000.00 Filing
Post-General 2024
(October 17-November 25, 2024)		 $28,235,189.72 $50,272,848.78 $15,267,217.59 $20,000,000.00 Filing
Pre-General 2024
(October 1-16, 2024)		 $40,241,985.42 $40,335,024.52 $37,304,876.65 $20,000,000.00 Filing
October 2024
(September 1-30, 2024)		 $28,073,337.85 $37,628,622.27 $37,397,915.75 $0.00 Filing
September 2024
(August 1-31, 2024)		 $19,189,774.30 $31,569,714.51 $46,953,200.17 $0.00 Filing
August 2024
(July 1-31, 2024)		 $14,866,600.74 $8,639,158.20 $59,333,140.38 $0.00 Filing
July 2024
(June 1-30, 2024)		 $12,107,758.55 $7,312,788.12 $53,105,697.84 $0.00 Filing
June 2024
(May 1-31, 2024)		 $10,642,216.67 $6,655,375.60 $48,310,727.41 $0.00 Filing
May 2024
(April 1-30, 2024)		 $9,332,114.63 $6,017,825.97 $44,323,886.34 $0.00 Filing
April 2024
(March 1-31, 2024)		 $13,508,962.18 $4,410,244.43 $41,009,597.68 $0.00 Filing
March 2024
(February 1-29, 2024)		 $9,511,330.21 $4,645,296.24 $31,910,879.93 $0.00 Filing
February 2024
(January 1-31, 2024)		 $9,720,714.23 $3,986,420.22 $27,044,845.96 $0.00 Filing
Year-End 2023
(December 1-31, 2023)		 $7,972,504.39 $3,774,405.87 $21,310,551.95 $0.00 Filing
December 2023
(November 1-30, 2023)		 $5,498,388.27 $3,730,228.46 $17,112,453.43 $0.00 Filing
November 2023
(October 1-31, 2023)		 $5,315,869.17 $4,079,837.28 $15,344,293.62 $0.00 Filing
October 2023
(September 1-30, 2023)		 $6,177,728.41 $2,766,398.19 $14,108,261.73 $0.00 Filing
September 2023
(August 1-31, 2023)		 $4,992,020.36 $3,663,267.72 $10,696,931.51 $0.00 Filing
August 2023
(July 1-31, 2023)		 $5,157,126.37 $3,222,330.20 $9,368,178.87 $0.00 Filing
July 2023
(June 1-30, 2023)		 $7,427,497.79 $7,315,614.65 $7,433,382.70 $0.00 Filing
June 2023
(May 1-31, 2023)		 $5,918,384.97 $7,088,848.36 $7,321,499.56 $3,000,000.00 Filing
May 2023
(April 1-30, 2023)		 $6,186,012.21 $7,280,755.25 $8,491,962.95 $7,000,000.00 Filing
April 2023
(March 1-31, 2023)		 $9,459,749.27 $7,882,490.39 $9,586,705.99 $11,000,000.00 Filing
March 2023
(Feb. 1-28, 2023)		 $5,542,819.98 $5,449,998.25 $8,009,447.11 $15,000,000.00 Filing
February 2023
(Jan. 1-31, 2023)		 $4,673,631.39 $5,352,223.88 $7,916,625.38 $18,000,000.00 Filing

NRSC

See also: Party committee fundraising, 2023-2024

The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2023-24 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the NRSC for the 2023-24 election cycle
Month
(Dates covered) 		Total receipts Total disbursements Cash on hand (end of month) Debts owed (end of month) FEC document
Year-End 2024
(November 26-December 31, 2024)		 $7,606,738.48 $10,654,389.03 $2,734,159.15 $17,000,000.00 Filing
Post-General 2024
(October 17-November 25, 2024)		 $28,012,304.32 $42,024,616.83 $5,781,809.70 $17,000,000.00 Filing
Pre-General 2024
(October 1-16, 2024)		 $29,750,048.68 $31,024,731.18 $19,794,122.21 $17,000,000.00 Filing
October 2024
(September 1-30, 2024)		 $30,713,278.44 $53,253,641.12 $21,068,804.71 $0.00 Filing
September 2024
(August 1-31, 2024)		 $19,140,179.03 $26,542,619.98 $43,609,167.39 $0.00 Filing
August 2024
(July 1-31, 2024)		 $17,006,684.74 $14,301,144.12 $51,011,608.34 $0.00 Filing
July 2024
(June 1-30, 2024)		 $18,526,967.69 $11,223,941.80 $48,306,067.72 $0.00 Filing
June 2024
(May 1-31, 2024)		 $12,363,159.55 $9,360,646.45 $41,003,041.83 $0.00 Filing
May 2024
(April 1-30, 2024)		 $13,153,581.64 $11,693,870.31 $38,000,528.73 $0.00 Filing
April 2024
(March 1-31, 2024)		 $18,296,197.19 $6,561,007.14 $36,540,817.40 $0.00 Filing
March 2024
(February 1-29, 2024)		 $13,140,404.43 $6,527,476.89 $24,805,627.35 $0.00 Filing
February 2024
(January 1-31, 2024)		 $10,828,320.12 $7,004,624.34 $18,192,699.81 $0.00 Filing
Year-End 2023
(December 1-31, 2023)		 $9,722,094.10 $3,075,142.77 $14,369,004.03 $0.00 Filing
December 2023
(November 1-30, 2023)		 $6,020,717.63 $5,263,802.25 $7,722,052.70 $0.00 Filing
November 2023
(October 1-31, 2023)		 $5,359,549.01 $6,564,098.06 $6,965,137.32 $0.00 Filing
October 2023
(September 1-30, 2023)		 $8,104,492.54 $6,427,702.98 $8,169,686.37 $500,000.00 Filing
September 2023
(August 1-31, 2023)		 $5,028,592.35 $6,799,472.85 $6,492,896.81 $2,900,000.00 Filing
August 2023
(July 1-31, 2023)		 $5,423,862.47 $6,645,063.69 $8,263,777.31 $4,250,000.00 Filing
July 2023
(June 1-30, 2023)		 $7,755,495.96 $6,835,894.90 $9,484,978.53 $6,250,000.00 Filing
June 2023
(May 1-31, 2023)		 $6,512,464.45 $6,837,230.80 $8,565,377.47 $7,750,000.00 Filing
May 2023
(April 1-30, 2023)		 $6,231,654.08 $5,397,762.21 $8,890,143.82 $10,750,000.00 Filing
April 2023
(March 1-31, 2023)		 $7,815,097.81 $8,119,969.57 $8,056,251.95 $12,750,000.00 Filing
March 2023
(Feb. 1-28, 2023)		 $5,490,474.62 $5,992,200.52 $8,361,123.71 $16,350,000.00 Filing
February 2023
(Jan. 1-31, 2023)		 $4,511,554.07 $3,826,440.31 $8,862,849.61 $20,000,000.00 Filing

Special elections

See also: Special elections to the 118th United States Congress (2023-2024)

Special elections to United States Senate are often required in the event of vacancies. This table lists special Senate elections from 2023 to 2024.

Results of special elections to the 118th Congress (Senate)
Race Election date Incumbent Winner Election MOV Previous election MOV 2020 Presidential election MOV (statewide)[26]
California Senate November 5, 2024 Democratic Party Dianne Feinstein Democratic Party Adam Schiff D+18.6 D+8.4 D+29[27]
Nebraska Senate November 5, 2024 Republican Party Ben Sasse Republican Party Pete Ricketts R+17.2 R+38.3 R+19[28]

Historical special election data

Special elections, 2013-2024

From 2013 to 2024, 80 special elections to the United States Congress were called during the 113th through 118th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 29 seats vacated by Democrats and 51 vacated by Republicans.

The table below details how many congressional seats changed parties as the result of a special election between 2013 and 2024. The numbers on the left side of the table reflect how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the numbers on the right side of the table show how many vacant seats each party won in special elections.

Congressional special election vacancies and results, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Congress Total elections held Vacancies before elections Seats held after elections Net change
Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans
118th Congress 13 6 7 7 6 +1D, -1R
117th Congress 17 7 10 7 10 No change
116th Congress 10 3 7 4 6 +1D, -1R
115th Congress 17 4 13 8 9 +4 D, -4 R
114th Congress 7 2 5 2 5 No change
113th Congress 16 7 9 7 9 No change
Averages 13.33 4.83 8.5 6.67 7.5 N/A


U.S. Senate special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 5 8
Republican Party Republicans 7 4
Total 12 12
U.S. House special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 20 23
Republican Party Republicans 39 36
Total 59 59


Special elections, 1986-2012

The table below presents the results of special elections to Congress from 1986 to 2012. Contact Ballotpedia at editor@ballotpedia.org for access to earlier data.

Results of special elections to Congress (1986-2012)
Election cycle Total special elections U.S. House elections Seats changing partisan control U.S. Senate elections Seats changing partisan control
2011-2012 11 11 None None None
2009-2010 15 10 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) 5 2 (all Republican gains)
2007-2008 14 12 3 (2 Republican gains; 1 Democratic gain) 2 None
2005-2006 12 12 3 (all Democratic gains) None None
2003-2004 6 6 None None None
2001-2002 6 5 2 (all Democratic gains) 1 1 (Republican gain)
1999-2000 9 8 1 (Republican gain) 1 1 (Democratic gain)
1997-1998 3 3 None None None
1995-1996 11 9 1 (Republican gain) 2 1 (Democratic gain)
1993-1994 9 6 1 (Republican gain) 3 3 (all Republican gains)
1991-1992 10 7 2 (all Republican gains) 3 1 (Democratic gain)
1989-1990 10 8 1 (Democratic gain) 2 None
1987-1988 12 12 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) None None
1985-1986 8 8 1 (Republican gain) None None
Total 136 117 21 (11 Democratic gains; 10 Republican gains) 19 9 (6 Republican gains; 3 Democratic gains)


Political context

Presidential election results in 2024 Senate states

The following table shows the 2024 presidential election margin of victory in percentage points for each state with a Senate election in 2024. Click [show] on the right to expand the table.

Senator's party vs. governor's party

In eight states with Senate seats up for election in 2024, the seat going into the election was held by a senator of a different party than the governor. Four seats held by Democratic senators in states with Republican governors were up. Four seats held by independents were up. No seats held by Republican senators in states with Democratic governors were up.

Senator's vs. Governor's party, 2022
State Pre-election Senate incumbent Last election MoV[40] Pre-election Governor Last election MoV[40]
Arizona Grey.png Kyrsten Sinema 2.4 Democratic Party Katie Hobbs 4.7
Maine Grey.png Angus King 19.1 Democratic Party Janet T. Mills 42.4
Montana Democratic Party Jon Tester 3.5 Republican Party Greg Gianforte 12.8
Nevada Democratic Party Jacky Rosen 5.0 Republican Party Joe Lombardo 1.5
Ohio Democratic Party Sherrod Brown 6.8 Republican Party Mike DeWine 25.0
Virginia Democratic Party Tim Kaine 16.0 Republican Party Glenn Youngkin 2.0
Vermont Grey.png Bernie Sanders 39.9 Republican Party Phil Scott 47.0
West Virginia Grey.png Joe Manchin 3.3 Republican Party Jim Justice 33.3

States with senators from different parties

Seven states had senators from different parties in the 118th Congress: Arizona, Maine, Montana, Ohio, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin. Three of those states, Montana, Ohio, and Wisconsin had one Democratic and one Republican senator. Arizona and Vermont each had one Democratic senator and one independent senator, and West Virginia and Maine had one Republican senator and one independent senator.

2022 election party changes

In the 2022 Senate election cycle, Democrats flipped one seat.

2020 election party changes

In the 2020 Senate election cycle, Democrats flipped four seats and Republicans flipped one:

2018 election party changes

In the 2018 Senate election cycle, Republicans flipped four seats and Democrats flipped two.

Media analysis of 2024 U.S. Senate elections

Effect of split-ticket voting

“

Senate Democrats may have lost their majority this cycle, but they did something that the party had never done in the age of Trump: win multiple Senate races in states the former and soon-to-be president carried.

The 2024 elections saw four Trump-won states also elect Democratic senators: Arizona, Nevada, Michigan and Wisconsin.

In the previous two presidential cycles, Democrats had never achieved this feat. In fact, since 2016, only one senator — Republican Susan Collins of Maine — won reelection in 2020 even as Joe Biden won her state. She outran Trump that year by seven points. That’s the same amount Jon Tester was able to outpace Harris by in Montana this year, proving that may be the modern max for any candidate.

If every state had once again gone the same way as the presidential contest, Republicans would have won a 57-seat majority instead of their 53-seat one. That makes a Democratic resurgence in 2026 or in 2028 more plausible — though that’s still a tall order given the seats Democrats need to defend.[42]

”
—Jessica Taylor, The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter (November 19, 2024)[43]
“

Ultimately, Democrats’ early money advantage and ability to define their GOP opponents may have been the crucial element. In every single battleground Senate race, the Republican candidate underperformed Trump’s margins and vote share, proving that the once-and-future president’s unique coalition isn’t automatically transferable to other downballot candidates — a dynamic evidenced in the 2018 and 2022 midterms as well. [42]

”
—Jessica Taylor, The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter (November 19, 2024)[44]
“

Even as President-elect Donald Trump swept every swing state, four of those battlegrounds are sending Democrats to the Senate. That’s the highest number of Senate-presidential ticket splits in 12 years, and a warning sign for Republicans as they try to protect and grow their ranks in 2026.[42]

”
—Ally Mutnick and Ursula Perano, Politico (November 12)[45]
“

Sens. Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.) and Jacky Rosen (D-Nev.) and Reps. Elissa Slotkin (D-Mich.) and Ruben Gallego (D-Ariz.) won even as Trump swept their states.

Two major reasons: Trump voters splitting their tickets for Democratic Senate candidates or skipping the Senate races entirely.[42]

”
—Ally Mutnick and Ursula Perano, Politico (November 12)[46]
“

Four states that Republican Donald Trump carried in this month’s presidential election also elected Democratic senators. That may not seem like a lot, but it’s twice as many “mismatches” between states’ presidential and U.S. Senate results as in all Senate elections held in 2020, 2021 and 2022 combined. ...No states had mismatches in the other direction, electing Republican senators but picking Democrat Kamala Harris for president.[42]

”
—Drew DeSilver, Pew Research Center (November 26, 2024)[47]

Effect of campaign spending

“

The six presidential swing states Trump flipped this year have seen 19 Senate races since his first election. Republicans won just two of them: Sen. Ron Johnson’s 2022 reelection in Wisconsin and, now, McCormick.

One big reason for McCormick’s swing-state success: money.

He is the former CEO of the world’s largest hedge fund, boasting both deep personal wealth and a network of connected donors. McCormick’s allies formed a super PAC that spent over $50 million on his behalf. National Republicans spent even more. The race received more GOP spending than any Senate race beyond Ohio.

Other Republicans did not have that advantage. In Nevada and Wisconsin, the GOP was outspent in advertising by $20 to 25 million, according to the tracking firm AdImpact. In Arizona, it was $66 million.[42]

”
—Ally Mutnick and Ursula Perano, Politico (November 12)[48]


Congressional approval rating

Ballotpedia's congressional approval polling average: 29% (March 14, 2025)

Results are updated daily at 9:30 a.m. EST and aggregated from the most recent polls from the sources listed in the methodology section below. Think we're missing something? Email us.


The congressional approval rating indicates public satisfaction in the job performance of the members of the United States Congress. It is the percentage of people polled who responded favorably toward the work of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.

See also

External links

Election coverage by office

Click the tiles below to navigate to 2024 election coverage:


Footnotes

  1. ↑ Two independents-Sens. Angus King and Bernie Sanders-caucus with the Democratic Party.
  2. ↑ This number does not include the special election for a Senate seat in California, as that seat was also up for regular election.
  3. ↑ Siouxland News, "Nebraska's Ben Sasse resigning from US Senate," December 5, 2022
  4. ↑ Associated Press, "Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California, trailblazer and champion of liberal priorities, dies at age 90," September 29, 2023
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Three independents caucused with the Democratic Party. Another independent, Sen. Kyrsten Sinema, counted toward the Democratic majority for committee purposes.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Two independents caucus with the Democratic Party.
  7. ↑ The map below also includes the seat held by Sen. Pete Ricketts (R-Neb.). That seat is up for special election in 2024.
  8. ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Sen. Ben Sasse chosen as 13th UF president in unanimous vote of trustees," November 1, 2022
  9. ↑ Fox 42, "Sen. Ben Sasse has been confirmed as President of the University of Florida," November 9, 2022
  10. ↑ Siouxland News, "Nebraska's Ben Sasse resigning from US Senate," December 5, 2022
  11. ↑ Associated Press, "Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California, trailblazer and champion of liberal priorities, dies at age 90," Sept. 29, 2023
  12. ↑ NBC News, "Independent Sen. Kyrsten Sinema will not run for re-election in Arizona," March 5, 2024
  13. ↑ The Hill, "Manchin won’t seek reelection in West Virginia," November 9, 2023
  14. ↑ Laphonza Butler, "Sen. Laphonza Butler not running in 2024 after filling Dianne Feinstein's seat," October 19, 2023
  15. ↑ Butler was appointed to her Senate seat on Oct. 1, 2023, to fill the vacancy left by the death of Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D). Feinstein had previously announced her retirement from public office.
  16. ↑ Debbie Stabenow, "Senator Stabenow Announces She Will Not Seek Re-Election in 2024," January 5, 2023
  17. ↑ Politico, "Cardin not running for reelection," May 1, 2023
  18. ↑ Washington Post, "Democratic Sen. Tom Carper of Delaware won't seek reelection, opening up seat in liberal state," May 22, 2023
  19. ↑ Washington Post, "Mitt Romney says he will not seek a second term in the Senate," September 13, 2023
  20. ↑ Politico, "Braun to run for Indiana governor, opening Senate seat in 2024," November 30, 2022
  21. ↑ This number does not include the special election for a Senate seat in California, as that seat is also up for regular election.
  22. ↑ This number includes three independents
  23. ↑ Sinema won in 2018 as a Democrat.
  24. ↑ Democratic incumbent Sen. Dianne Feinstein defeated Democrat Kevin De Leon in the general election by a margin of 8.4%.
  25. ↑ Sen. Sinema changed her partisan affiliation from Democrat to Independent after the 2022 elections.
  26. ↑ 270towin, "Historical Timeline," accessed March 25, 2022
  27. ↑ 270towin, "California," accessed October 17, 2023
  28. ↑ 270towin, "Nebraska," accessed March 7, 2023
  29. ↑ Both general election candidates were Republicans.
  30. ↑ This race was unopposed.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.
  32. ↑ Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.
  33. ↑ Wild won by a margin of 0.2 percentage points.
  34. ↑ The state Board of Elections declined to certify the results of the 2018 election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud.
  35. ↑ Collins won by 0.3 percentage points.
  36. ↑ This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.
  37. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
  38. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.
  39. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Margin of victory
  41. ↑ Sinema announced that she was leaving the Democratic Party on December 9, 2022.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.5 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  43. ↑ [https://www.cookpolitical.com/analysis/senate/senate-overview/what-was-behind-return-senate-split-ticket-voting The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter, "What Was Behind the Return of Senate Split-Ticket Voting," November 19, 2024
  44. ↑ [https://www.cookpolitical.com/analysis/senate/senate-overview/what-was-behind-return-senate-split-ticket-voting The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter, "What Was Behind the Return of Senate Split-Ticket Voting," November 19, 2024
  45. ↑ Politico, "Republicans won big in the Senate. A warning lurks in the purple states." November 12, 2024
  46. ↑ Politico, "Republicans won big in the Senate. A warning lurks in the purple states." November 12, 2024
  47. ↑ Pew Research Center, "2024 elections show more partisan splits between states’ presidential and Senate votes than in recent past," November 26, 2024
  48. ↑ Politico, "Republicans won big in the Senate. A warning lurks in the purple states." November 12, 2024
  49. ↑ Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. Senate following the election.
  50. ↑ Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Before he had his first midterm in 1926, Coolidge was re-elected as president in 1924.
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2023-2024 Elections to the United States Congress
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