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State supreme court elections, 2024
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Click here to view changes in state supreme court control as a result of the 2024 elections.
Thirty-three states held state supreme court elections in 2024. In total, 82 of the 344 seats on state supreme courts were up for election. Of the courts up in 2024, Democrats had a majority in nine states and Republicans had a majority in 24 states. Of the 82 seats up for election:
- 61 were held by nonpartisan justices
- 15 were held by Republican justices
- six were held by Democratic justices
Republicans lost one state court, Democrats did not gain or lose control of a state court, and one court became a divided court.
Of the states where a supreme court justice was up for election, six (18%) were partisan elections, 11 (33%) were nonpartisan elections, and 15 (45%) were retention elections. In Michigan, there was a partisan primary and a nonpartisan general election, a method known as the Michigan method.
In states where governors appoint justices, one state, New Hampshire, had a governor's election in 2024 that could have affected the makeup of the state's supreme court. Additionally, the governors elected in 2024 in the following states were expected to appoint at least one new justice during their term due to the states' age limit to serve on the court: Missouri, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Washington.
In addition, in the U.S. Territories, one judge on the Guam Supreme Court stood in a retention election in 2024.
Ballotpedia identified seven state supreme court races as noteworthy. These were races, which we viewed as having the potential to affect the balance of power in these states. These included elections in Arizona, Kentucky, Michigan, Montana, North Carolina, Ohio, and Oklahoma.
We used three methods to determine a supreme court's partisan balance:
- Determined how many justices were registered members of a political party;
- The partisan affiliation of the governor who appointed each justice; or
- If those methods didn't work, we surveyed media coverage of the court and its decisions to determine partisan leanings.
On this page, you will find:
- A list of state supreme court elections in 2024
- A list of candidates
- Information on the different methods of electing judges
- Information on previous state supreme court elections
- Information on historical win rates of incumbent state supreme court justices
Click here for information on state intermediate appellate court elections. Click here for information on local trial court elections.
Offices up for election in 2024
The table below displays the partisan control of each state supreme court with an election in 2024. The numbers will change after the elections are held.
State supreme court election methods
- See also: Judicial selection in the states
Thirty-eight states hold elections to select state supreme court justices, using either partisan elections, nonpartisan elections, or retention elections. In the other 12 states, justices are appointed by governors or state legislature. To learn more about those other selection methods, click here.
The following map shows which method each state used in 2024:
In the U.S. Territories, seven legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 169 seats in 2024. Elections were held for the American Samoa House of Representatives, the Guam Legislature, the Puerto Rico Senate and House of Representatives, the Northern Mariana Islands Senate and House of Representatives, and the U.S. Virgin Islands Legislature.
As of September 11th, 2025, Republicans controlled 55.51% of all state legislative seats nationally, while Democrats held 43.66%. Republicans held a majority in 57 chambers, and Democrats held the majority in 39 chambers. Two chambers (Alaska House and Alaska Senate) were organized under multipartisan, power-sharing coalitions. One chamber (Minnesota House of Representatives) was split evenly between both parties.
| Partisan balance of all 7,386 state legislative seats | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legislative chamber | Vacant | |||||||
| State senates | 833 | 1,122 | 5 | 13 | ||||
| State houses | 2,392 | 2,978 | 20 | 23 | ||||
| Total: | 3,225
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4,100
|
25
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36 | ||||
Featured analysis
- State legislative seats that changed party control in 2024: As a result of the Nov. 5, 2024, elections, partisan composition of all 7,386 state legislative seats changed by 0.7 percentage points. Democrats had a net loss of 54 seats, representing 0.7% of all state legislative seats. Republicans had a net gain of 55 seats, representing 0.7% of all state legislative seats. Independents and minor party officeholders had a net loss of one seat, representing 0.01% of all state legislative seats.
- Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 12, 2022: Competitiveness refers to the presence of choice throughout the election cycle. A greater level of competitiveness means voters have the ability to make more decisions. A lower level of competitiveness equals fewer choices. State legislative competitiveness in 2022 reached its highest level compared to all even-year election cycles since 2010. In 2022, the nationwide State Legislative Competitiveness Index is 36.2, beating out 2018 (36.1) and the 2012 post-redistricting cycle (35.2).
Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 state legislative elections.
- Annual Competitiveness Report
- State legislative special elections
- Primary election competitiveness in state and federal government, 2024
- Impact of term limits
- Open seats
- Contested primaries
- Incumbents in contested primaries
- Data on incumbents defeated in 2024
- Major party competition
- Unconstested incumbents
- Trifecta vulnerability in the 2024 elections
- Candidates with the same last names, 2024
- Rematches in 2024 general elections
- Ballotpedia's Top 15 Elections to Watch, 2024
- Trends in the margins of victory for incumbents of three or more terms, 2018-2024
- Election results, 2024: State legislative veto-proof majorities
- Wave election analysis
- Election results, 2024: Incumbent win rates by state
- Election results, 2024: Uncontested races by state
- Incumbents who won primaries by five percentage points or fewer or with a plurality, 2024
- Margin of victory analysis for the 2024 state legislative elections
- Election results, 2024: State legislative races decided by fewer than 100 votes
State executive elections
- See also: State executive official elections, 2024
State executive offices up for election in 2024 included 11 gubernatorial seats, nine lieutenant gubernatorial seats, 10 attorney general seats, and seven secretary of state seats. Including down-ballot races, there were 167 state executive seats up for election across 30 states in 2024.[65]
In 2022, 307 state executive offices were up for election across 44 states. Twenty offices changed party control, including two previously held Republican lieutenant governorships that changed parties because the governor and lieutenant governor ran on a joint ticket. Of the 18 offices which changed partisan control due to direct election, 10 switched from Democrat to Republican, seven switched from Republican to Democrat, and one nonpartisan official was succeeded by a Republican. A total of 26 incumbents seeking re-election to state executive offices were defeated, with 10 of those losing in the general election and 16 losing in their party's primary or nominating convention.
Featured analysis (from 2022)
- Trifecta vulnerability in the 2022 elections: Thirteen state government trifectas were vulnerable in the 2022 elections, according to Ballotpedia's annual trifecta vulnerability ratings. Democrats defended seven vulnerable trifectas and Republicans defended six. A state government trifecta occurs when one party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. At the time of the 2022 elections, there were 37 state government trifectas: 23 Republican trifectas and 14 Democratic trifectas. The remaining 13 states had a divided government where neither party had a trifecta.
- State government triplexes: Heading into the November 8 elections, there were 23 Republican triplexes, 18 Democratic triplexes, and 9 divided governments where neither party held triplex control. A state government triplex is a term to describe when one political party holds the following three positions in a state's government: governor, attorney general, and secretary of state.[66] In states where the attorney general or secretary of state are appointed by the governor, Ballotpedia considers the office to be held by the governor's party for the purposes of defining triplexes.[67]
- Annual State Executive Competitiveness Report: Ballotpedia's 2022 study of competitiveness in state executive official elections found that 37.1% of incumbents did not seek re-election, leaving those offices open. This was higher than in 2020 (35.6%) and 2014 (32.7%) but lower than in 2018 (38.6%) and 2016 (45.2%). The decade average for open offices was 37.8%.
Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 state executive elections.
- State executive official elections overview
- State executive officials election results
- Primary election competitiveness in state and federal government, 2024
- Gubernatorial elections
- Split-ticket states in the 2024 presidential and gubernatorial elections
- Secretary of State elections
- Attorney General elections
- Historical and potential changes in trifectas
- State government trifectas
- Endorsements of school board members by state executive officeholders and candidates, 2024
- Impact of term limits on state executive elections
- Rematches in 2024 general elections
- Veto-proof state legislatures and opposing party governors
- Trends in the margins of victory for incumbents of three or more terms, 2018-2024
- Ballotpedia's Top 15 Elections to Watch, 2024
- Wave election analysis
- Incumbents who won primaries by five percentage points or fewer or with a plurality, 2024
State judicial elections
- See also: State judicial elections, 2024
A total of 306 appellate court seats were up for election in 2024. The seats included:
- 83 supreme court seats.
- 223 intermediate appellate court seats.
Ballotpedia provided coverage of supreme court and intermediate appellate court elections, as well as local trial court elections for judges within the 100 largest cities in the United States as measured by population.
In addition, in the U.S. Territories, four judges were on the ballot in retention elections in 2024. One judge on the Guam Supreme Court, two on the Guam Superior Court, and one on the Northern Mariana Islands Superior Court stood for retention to remain on the bench.
Featured analysis
- Partisanship of state supreme court judges: In June 2020, Ballotpedia conducted a study into the partisanship of state supreme court justices. The study placed each justice into one of five categories indicating confidence in their affiliations with either the Democratic or Republican Parties. These categories were Strong Democratic, Mild Democratic, Indeterminate, Mild Republican, and Strong Republican.
Tap the box below to show more analysis articles related to the 2024 state judicial elections.
Previous elections
2023
- See also: State supreme court elections, 2023
Two states—Pennsylvania and Wisconsin—held state supreme court elections in 2023. In total, two of the 344 seats on state supreme courts were up for election.
2022
- See also: State supreme court elections, 2022
In 2022, 29 states held elections for 84 state supreme court seats. Republicans gained three seats, and a Democrat gained one seat. As a result, Republicans gained a majority on the North Carolina Supreme Court, and Democrats gained no new majorities.
Two incumbents were defeated. In Illinois, Mary O'Brien (D) defeated Michael Burke (R). In North Carolina, Trey Allen (R) defeated Sam Ervin IV (D).
2021
- See also: State supreme court elections, 2021
One state — Pennsylvania — held a state supreme court election in 2021. In total, one of the 344 seats on state supreme courts was up for election.
2020
- See also: State supreme court elections, 2020
Thirty-five states held state supreme court elections in 2020. In total, 78 of the nation’s 344 state supreme court seats were up for election. At 23%, this was the greatest number of seats up for election in recent years.
Click [show] at the right to view more past election results. | |
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2019
In 2019, three states—Kentucky, Louisiana, and Wisconsin—held elections for three supreme court justices. Kentucky and Wisconsin held nonpartisan elections, while Louisiana held partisan elections. 2018
In 2018, 32 states held state supreme court elections for 68 seats. Twenty seats were up for partisan election and included one Democratic justice and 19 Republican justices. Democrats gained five seats in those partisan elections, leaving them with six justices and Republicans with 14. 2017
In 2017, two states held supreme court elections for four seats. The only seat up for contested election in 2017 was in Pennsylvania, where sitting Justice Sallie Mundy (R) defeated Judge Dwayne D. Woodruff (D). In Wisconsin, the other race that could have produced a contested election saw Republican-affiliated Justice Annette Ziegler run unopposed in a nonpartisan election. Two other judges in Pennsylvania—Chief Justice Thomas Saylor (R) and Justice Debra Todd (D)—were retained. 2016
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Incumbent win rates
Incumbent win rates by year
Incumbents tend to do better in elections for any office than newcomers facing incumbents. This is no less true in state supreme court elections. Across all types of state supreme court elections, incumbent justices running for re-election won 93% of the time from 2008-2024. The year when the most incumbents lost was 2024, when eight incumbents did not win re-election. The years tied for the lowest incumbent win rate of 89% were 2008 and 2024.
| Incumbent win rates in state supreme court elections (2008-2024) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election year | Total incumbent elections | Incumbent elections won | Incumbent elections lost | Incumbent win rate | ||
| 2024 | 71 | 63 | 8 | 89% | ||
| 2023 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2022 | 64 | 62 | 2 | 97% | ||
| 2021 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2020 | 70 | 64 | 6 | 91% | ||
| 2019 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2018 | 59 | 53 | 6 | 90% | ||
| 2017 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2016 | 55 | 53 | 2 | 96% | ||
| 2015 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2014 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2013 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2012 | 53 | 50 | 3 | 94% | ||
| 2011 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2010 | 63 | 57 | 6 | 90% | ||
| 2009 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2008 | 56 | 50 | 6 | 89% | ||
| Total | 554 | 515 | 39 | 93% | ||
Incumbent win rates in partisan elections
In partisan elections, incumbents running for re-election won 86% of the time from 2008-2024. The most number of seats lost by incumbents in a single year was 2024, when five incumbents lost.
| Incumbent win rates in partisan state supreme court elections (2008-2024) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election year | Total incumbent elections | Incumbent elections won | Incumbent elections lost | Incumbent win rate | ||
| 2024 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 67% | ||
| 2023 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2022 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 86% | ||
| 2021 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2020 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 86% | ||
| 2019 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2018 | 14 | 10 | 4 | 71% | ||
| 2017 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2016 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 50% | ||
| 2015 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2014 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2013 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2012 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 91% | ||
| 2011 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2010 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 90% | ||
| 2009 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2008 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Total | 107 | 92 | 15 | 86% | ||
Incumbent win rates in nonpartisan elections
In nonpartisan elections, incumbents running for re-election won 94% of the time from 2008-2024. The years tied for when the most incumbents lost were 2008 and 2010, when six incumbents did not win re-election. Ohio and Michigan had partisan primaries but nonpartisan general elections and so are counted here as holding nonpartisan elections.
| Incumbent win rates in nonpartisan state supreme court elections (2008-2024) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Election year | Total incumbent elections | Incumbent elections won | Incumbent elections lost | Incumbent win rate | ||
| 2024 | 27 | 25 | 2 | 93% | ||
| 2023 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2022 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2021 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2020 | 27 | 24 | 3 | 89% | ||
| 2019 | 0 | — | — | — | ||
| 2018 | 45 | 43 | 2 | 96% | ||
| 2017 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2016 | 53 | 52 | 1 | 98% | ||
| 2015 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2014 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2013 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2012 | 42 | 40 | 2 | 95% | ||
| 2011 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2010 | 51 | 45 | 6 | 88% | ||
| 2009 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 100% | ||
| 2008 | 45 | 39 | 6 | 87% | ||
| Total | 359 | 337 | 22 | 94% | ||
Incumbent win rates by state
Among the 38 states that conduct elections for supreme court justices, 14 have seen incumbents lose elections from 2008-2024. These were Alabama, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Texas, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. In the other 24 states, incumbent supreme court justices won re-election 100% of the time from 2008-2024.
| Incumbent win rates by state in state supreme court elections (2008-2024) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Total incumbent elections | Incumbent elections won | Incumbent elections lost | Incumbent win rate | ||
| Alabama | 13 | 11 | 2 | 85% | ||
| Alaska | 8 | 8 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Arizona | 16 | 16 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Arkansas | 7 | 7 | 0 | 100% | ||
| California | 12 | 12 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Colorado | 13 | 13 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Florida | 20 | 20 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Georgia | 21 | 21 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Idaho | 12 | 12 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Illinois | 14 | 12 | 2 | 86% | ||
| Indiana | 12 | 12 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Iowa | 20 | 17 | 3 | 85% | ||
| Kansas | 19 | 19 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Kentucky | 11 | 10 | 1 | 91% | ||
| Louisiana | 5 | 5 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Maryland | 10 | 10 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Michigan | 15 | 12 | 3 | 80% | ||
| Minnesota | 21 | 21 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Mississippi | 20 | 15 | 5 | 75% | ||
| Missouri | 10 | 10 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Montana | 13 | 13 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Nebraska | 16 | 16 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Nevada | 16 | 16 | 0 | 100% | ||
| New Mexico | 13 | 12 | 1 | 92% | ||
| North Carolina | 10 | 5 | 5 | 50% | ||
| North Dakota | 9 | 9 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Ohio | 19 | 12 | 7 | 63% | ||
| Oklahoma | 39 | 38 | 1 | 97% | ||
| Oregon | 20 | 20 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Pennsylvania | 6 | 6 | 0 | 100% | ||
| South Dakota | 9 | 9 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Tennessee | 14 | 14 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Texas | 43 | 39 | 4 | 91% | ||
| Utah | 7 | 7 | 0 | 100% | ||
| Washington | 27 | 26 | 1 | 96% | ||
| West Virginia | 7 | 5 | 2 | 71% | ||
| Wisconsin | 8 | 6 | 2 | 75% | ||
| Wyoming | 10 | 10 | 0 | 100% | ||
See also
- Judicial selection in the states
- State judicial elections, 2024
- State intermediate appellate court elections, 2024
External links
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Footnotes
- ↑ The Copper Courier, "Could an Arizona Supreme Court retirement happen this year?" July 2, 2024
- ↑ Bolts, "Arizona GOP Asks Voters to Nullify the Judicial Elections They’ll Be Voting On," September 27, 2024
- ↑ Arizona Mirror, "SHOULD JUDGES ONLY FACE VOTERS IF THEY ARE CONVICTED OF A FELONY OR GET A NEGATIVE PERFORMANCE REVIEW?" accessed October 30, 2024
- ↑ Arizona Mirror, "Progressive group asks AZ Supreme Court to block ballot measure giving judges lifetime appointments," August 16, 2024
- ↑ NBC News, "Arizona Gov. Katie Hobbs signs repeal of 1864 abortion ban," May 2, 2024
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 NBC News, "Arizona Gov. Katie Hobbs signs repeal of 1864 abortion ban," May 2, 2024
- ↑ Justice Bill Montgomery recused himself from the case.
- ↑ The New York Times, "Read the Arizona Supreme Court’s Abortion Ruling," April 9, 2024
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 The Arizona Republic, "Voters to decide if Clint Bolick, Kathryn King will remain Arizona Supreme Court justices," October 18, 2024
- ↑ Decision Desk HQ, "KY State Supreme Court Nonpartisan General Election 5," accessed November 5, 2024
- ↑ New York Times, "Kentucky Election Results," accessed November 5, 2024
- ↑ Bolts, "Your State-by-State Guide to the 2024 Supreme Court Elections," accessed April 29, 2024
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Kentucky Lantern, "Voters in eight Central Kentucky counties must choose a new Supreme Court justice," September 25, 2024
- ↑ Bolts, "Your State-by-State Guide to the 2024 Supreme Court Elections," April 3, 2024
- ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "The State Supreme Court Skirmishes," May 16, 2024
- ↑ Lexington Herald Leader, "Two Lexington appeals court judges compete for seat on Kentucky Supreme Court," October 16, 2016
- ↑ Kentucky Legislature, "Kentucky Supreme Court Districts," accessed November 4, 2024
- ↑ AP News, "Michigan GOP nominates judge for Supreme Court after man charged in election tampering drops out," August 24, 2024
- ↑ AP News, "Whitmer appoints first Black woman to Michigan’s top court," November 22, 2022
- ↑ Michigan House Republicans, "Andrew Fink," accessed September 27, 2024
- ↑ University of Michigan Law School, "Juvenile Justice Clinic," accessed September 27, 2024
- ↑ LinkedIn, "Kim Thomas," accessed September 27, 2024
- ↑ Kyra Harris Bolden campaign website, "About," accessed September 27, 2024
- ↑ Patrick W. O'Grady campaign website, "About Judge Patrick William O'Grady," accessed September 27, 2024
- ↑ Montana Free Press, "Candidate filing deadline firms up 2024 election bracket," March 11, 2024
- ↑ Montana Free Press, "Neither Chief Justice Mike McGrath nor Justice Dirk Sandefur will seek re-election to Montana Supreme Court in 2024," June 7, 2023
- ↑ Montana Free Press, "Lynch, Swanson, Wilson and Bidegaray advance to Montana Supreme Court general election," June 5, 2024
- ↑ Missoula Current, "Montana Supreme Court Justice McKinnon Won't Seek Re-election," June 4, 2019
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Montana's top court, a bulwark against GOP abuses, could become a conservative bastion next year," December 15, 2023
- ↑ Bolts Magazine, "“It’s Our Last Backstop”: How Voting Access in Montana Rides on Supreme Court Races," September 19, 2024
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Montana Public Radio, "Q&A: Jeremiah Lynch, Candidate for Chief Justice of the Montana Supreme Court," May 15, 2024
- ↑ Linkedin, "Cory Swanson," accessed September 27, 2024
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Montana Public Radio, "Q&A: Cory Swanson, Candidate for Chief Justice of the Montana Supreme Court," accessed September 27, 2024
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Montana Public Radio, "Q&A: Katherine Bidegaray, Candidate for Montana Supreme Court Seat #3," May 15, 2024
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Montana Public Radio, "Q&A: Dan Wilson, Candidate for Montana Supreme Court Seat #3," May 15, 2024
- ↑ WCNC, "Jefferson Griffin concedes North Carolina Supreme Court race," May 7, 2025
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 The Raleigh News & Observer, "‘The power levers in our state’ run through its courts. Your choices for NC’s next justice," accessed September 14, 2024
- ↑ The Daily Tar Heel, "Q&A: Allison Riggs speaks about civil rights experience, keeping seat on N.C. Supreme Court," accessed September 15, 2024
- ↑ Charlotte Observer, "Democrats are changing their strategy for 2024’s must-win NC Supreme Court race | Opinion," accessed September 15, 2024
- ↑ North Carolina Governor's Website, "Governor Cooper Announces Two Judicial Appointments," accessed September 15, 2024
- ↑ Rocky Mount Telegram, "Appointed justice seeks election to NC Supreme Court seat," accessed September 14, 2024
- ↑ The Raleigh News & Observer, "Candidate for NC Supreme Court, Democrat Allison Riggs, answers our questions," accessed September 15, 2024
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 North State Journal, "Jefferson Griffin looks to join Republican majority on NC Supreme Court ," accessed September 15, 2024
- ↑ Ohio Capital Journal, "Meet the candidates running for Ohio Supreme Court," September 5, 2024
- ↑ Ohio Capital Journal, "Ohio Supreme Court races: What’s at stake," September 11, 2024
- ↑ Ohio Capital Journal, "Three Ohio Supreme Court races on the November ballot will have a huge impact in the coming years," August 27, 2024
- ↑ Ohio Governor's Office, "Governor DeWine to Appoint Joseph T. Deters to Ohio Supreme Court," December 22, 2022
- ↑ Ohio Capital Journal, "Ohio ballots will list party affiliations for top judicial candidates," July 2, 2021
- ↑ State Court Report, "Oklahoma," accessed October 9, 2024
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 Oklahoma Judicial Nominating Commission, "RULES OF THE OKLAHOMA JUDICIAL NOMINATING COMMISSION," accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 "Center for Politics, "The State Supreme Court Skirmishes," accessed October 15, 2024
- ↑ Oklahoma Supreme Court, "Yvonne Kauger," accessed September 21, 2024
- ↑ Oklahoma Supreme Court, "James Edmonson," accessed September 21, 2024
- ↑ Oklahoma Supreme Court, "Norma Gurich," accessed September 21, 2024
- ↑ Court Facts, "Who is on the 2024 Retention Ballot?" accessed September 25, 2024
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 Bolts, "Your State-by-State Guide to the 2024 Supreme Court Elections," accessed April 29, 2024
- ↑ Oklahoma Bar Association, "OBA Hosts Online Resource for Voter Information," accessed September 27, 2024
- ↑ Associated Press, "Oklahoma Supreme Court keeps anti-abortion laws on hold while challenge is pending," accessed September 24, 2024
- ↑ Chief Justice M. John Kane IV recused himself from this case
- ↑ EdWeek, "Religious Charter School Is Unconstitutional, Oklahoma Supreme Court Rules," accessed September 24, 2024
- ↑ KFOR, "‘Divisive rhetoric’: OK Supreme Court rules against Gov. Stitt in tribal compact litigation," accessed September 24, 2024
- ↑ State Court Report, "Oklahoma Supreme Court Rejects Reparations for Tulsa Race Massacre," accessed September 24, 2024
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 Oklahoma Voice, "Ads target three Oklahoma Supreme Court justices," accessed October 4, 2024
- ↑ People for Opportunity, "Priorities," accessed October 6, 2024
- ↑ Ballotpedia describes the offices of governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, and secretary of state as top-ballot state executive offices. Down-ballot state executive offices that exist in all 50 states include superintendent of schools, insurance commissioner, agriculture commissioner, labor commissioner, and public service commissioner. Examples of other down-ballot state executive offices include treasurer, auditor, and comptroller.
- ↑ Ballotpedia chose to highlight these offices because they are typically the most visible positions in states and serve important administrative functions.
- ↑ This is because it is very uncommon for an attorney general or secretary of state appointed by a governor to often be in direct conflict with that governor.
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