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Presidential election in Florida, 2020

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← 2016
Florida
2020 presidential election

Democratic primary: March 17, 2020
Democratic winner: Joe Biden

Republican primary: March 17, 2020
Republican winner: Donald Trump

Electoral College: 29 votes
2020 winner: Donald Trump (R)
2016 winner: Donald Trump (R)
2012 winner: Barack Obama (D)

Presidential election by state, 2020

President Donald Trump (R) won the presidential election in Florida on November 3, 2020. Florida was one of 13 battleground states. Former Vice President Joe Biden (D) won the presidential election with 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232 electoral votes.

Biden won the Democratic primary on March 17, 2020. Trump won the Republican primary.

In the previous 10 presidential elections, Republican candidates had won Florida seven times and Democratic candidates had won Florida three times. In nine of those 10 elections, the candidate that won Florida ended up winning the presidential election. Only George H.W. Bush (R) failed to win the presidency after winning Florida's electoral votes.[1]

This page includes the following sections:

Candidates and election results

General election


Presidential election in Florida, 2020
 
Candidate/Running mate
%
Popular votes
Electoral votes
✔
Image of
Image of
Donald Trump/Mike Pence (R)
 
51.2
 
5,668,731 29
Image of
Image of
Joe Biden/Kamala D. Harris (D)
 
47.9
 
5,297,045 0
Image of
Image of
Jo Jorgensen/Spike Cohen (L)
 
0.6
 
70,324 0
Image of
Image of
Howie Hawkins/Angela Nicole Walker (G)
 
0.1
 
14,721 0
Image of
Image of
Roque De La Fuente/Darcy Richardson (Reform Party)
 
0.1
 
5,966 0
Image of
Image of
Gloria La Riva/Sunil Freeman (Party for Socialism and Liberation)
 
0.1
 
5,712 0
Image of
Image of
Don Blankenship/William Mohr (Constitution Party)
 
0.0
 
3,902 0
Image of
Image of
Brian T. Carroll/Amar Patel (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
854 0
Image of
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Jade Simmons/Melissa Nixon (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
181 0
Image of
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Shawn W. Howard/Alyssa Howard (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
9 0
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Kasey Wells/Rachel Wells (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
8 0
Image of
Image of
Angela Marie Walls-Windhauser/Charles Tolbert (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
2 0
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Michael Laboch/Raechelle Pope (Unaffiliated) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
1 0

Incumbents are bolded and underlined The results have been certified.

Total votes: 11,067,456



Primary election

Florida Democratic presidential primary on March 17, 2020
 
Candidate
%
Votes
Pledged delegates
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Official_portrait_of_Vice_President_Joe_Biden.jpg
Joe Biden
 
61.9
 
1,077,375 162
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Bernie_Sanders.jpg
Bernie Sanders
 
22.8
 
397,311 57
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/400px-Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg
Michael Bloomberg
 
8.4
 
146,544 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/150px-Pete_buttigieg.jpg
Pete Buttigieg
 
2.3
 
39,886 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Elizabeth_Warren--Official_113th_Congressional_Portrait--.jpg
Elizabeth Warren
 
1.9
 
32,875 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Amy_Klobuchar.jpg
Amy Klobuchar
 
1.0
 
17,276 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/TulsiGabbardReplace.jpg
Tulsi Gabbard
 
0.5
 
8,712 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Screen_Shot_2019-02-21_at_3.25.16_PM.png
Andrew Yang
 
0.3
 
5,286 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Michael_Bennet.jpg
Michael Bennet
 
0.2
 
4,244 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Tom_Steyer.jpg
Thomas Steyer
 
0.1
 
2,510 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/3HaJVw3AYyXBdF9iSRPp977CBFrGCMDhc1w2rHKAC1yEKppTQoGMxtNCjAfntRbE3vPfKMrXcV5x6tsZ7rfuCzeUq2zG7qQsmao4URt.jpeg
Marianne Williamson
 
0.1
 
1,744 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/John_Delaney_113th_Congress_official_photo.jpg
John Delaney
 
0.1
 
1,583 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/CoryBooker.jpg
Cory Booker
 
0.1
 
1,507 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/JulianCastro1.jpg
Julián Castro
 
0.1
 
1,036 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Congressman_Sestak_Official_Congressional_headshot.jpg
Joe Sestak
 
0.0
 
664 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Deval_Patrick.jpg
Deval Patrick
 
0.0
 
661 0

 Source

Total votes: 1,739,214 • Total pledged delegates: 219


Florida Republican presidential primary on March 17, 2020
 
Candidate
%
Votes
Pledged delegates
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/473px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Donald_Trump.jpg
Donald Trump
 
93.8
 
1,162,984 122
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Bill_Weld_campaign_portrait.jpg
Bill Weld
 
3.2
 
39,319 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Joe_Walsh.jpg
Joe Walsh
 
2.1
 
25,464 0
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/RoqueDeLaFuente.jpg
Roque De La Fuente
 
1.0
 
12,172 0

 Source

Total votes: 1,239,939 • Total pledged delegates: 122


Polls in Florida

Pivot Counties in Florida

See also: Election results, 2020: Pivot Counties' margins of victory analysis

Pivot Counties are the 206 counties nationwide Ballotpedia identified as having voted for Barack Obama (D) in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections and Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Media and political observers sometimes refer to these counties as swing counties.

Ballotpedia defines Pivot Counties Trump won in 2020 as Retained Pivot Counties and those Joe Biden (D) won as Boomerang Pivot Counties.

Trump won 181 Retained Pivot Counties across 32 states to Biden's 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties across 16 states. Trump's median margin of victory was 13.2 percentage points in those 181 counties, while Biden's median margin of victory was 3.4 percentage points among the 25 he won.[2][3]

In 2020, Florida had three Retained Pivot Counties, one Boomerang Pivot County, nine solid Democratic counties, 52 solid Republican counties, and two counties with other voting patterns.

Trump expanded his margin of victory statewide by 2.2 percentage points, winning the state for the second time in a row. Biden narrowed Trump's margin in all county categories—including Retained Pivot Counties—except for Solid Democratic counties where Trump narrowed Biden's margin by 7.2 percentage points compared to Clinton's margin in 2016.

The table below compares margins in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. Percentages show the share of the vote received by a candidate. Margins and changes are shown as changes in percentage points. The overall winner of a given category can be found under the "2020" data. The "Percentage point change" section shows changes in vote share and in margins. Figures were calculated by combining the vote totals across all counties of a given category and may not equal 100% due to rounding. Click [show] beneath the table to view vote totals.

Florida presidential election results by county category, 2016-2020
Year # 2016 2020 Percentage point change
Clinton Trump Third party Margin Biden Trump Third party Margin Democratic Republican Third party Margin
Retained 3 46.4% 49.9% 3.7% R+3.5 48.0% 51.1% 0.9% R+3.1 +1.6 +1.2 -2.8 D+0.4
Boomerang 1 47.0% 48.1% 4.9% R+1.1 49.4% 49.2% 1.3% D+0.2 +2.5 +1.1 -3.6 D+1.3
Solid Dem. 9 60.0% 36.3% 3.6% D+23.7 57.7% 41.2% 1.0% D+16.5 -2.3 +4.9 -2.6 R+7.2
Solid Repub. 52 34.8% 61.0% 4.1% R+26.2 37.1% 61.7% 1.2% R+24.6 +2.3 +0.7 -2.9 D+1.6
Other 2 46.9% 48.4% 4.7% R+1.4 51.0% 47.5% 1.5% D+3.5 +4.0 -0.8 -3.2 D+4.9
All 67 47.4% 48.6% 4.0% R+1.2 47.8% 51.1% 1.1% R+3.4 +0.3 +2.5 -2.9 R+2.2



Retained Pivot Counties accounted for 2.1% of both Trump's and Biden's total vote in the state. The one Boomerang Pivot County—Pinellas—accounted for 4.9% of Trump's statewide total and 5.2% of Biden's. For both Trump and Biden, a majority of their new votes came from solid Republican counties at 45.6% and 46.0%, respectively.

The table below shows how much of a candidate's vote total came from a particular county category. Data under "New votes, 2020" shows the percentage of a candidate's new votes by county category compared to 2016 vote totals.

Percentage of votes by county category in Florida's 2016 and 2020 presidential elections
Year # 2016 2020 New votes, 2020
Clinton Trump Biden Trump Democratic
votes		 Republican
votes
Total votes 67 4,504,975 4,617,886 5,297,045 5,668,731 +792,070 +1,050,845
Retained 3 2.0% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.6% 2.0%
Boomerang 1 5.2% 5.2% 5.2% 4.9% 5.5% 3.5%
Solid Dem. 9 54.6% 32.2% 51.9% 34.6% 36.6% 45.3%
Solid Repub. 52 31.3% 53.6% 33.5% 52.1% 46.0% 45.6%
Other 2 6.9% 7.0% 7.3% 6.3% 9.3% 3.6%

PredictIt market in Florida

See also: PredictIt markets in the 2020 presidential election

What is a PredictIt market?

PredictIt is an online political futures market in which users purchase shares relating to the outcome of political events using real money. Each event, such as an election, has a number of contracts associated with it, each correlating to a different outcome. For instance, an election contested between four candidates would be represented by eight separate contracts, with each contract correlating to a particular candidate winning or losing the election.

The price of a share in each individual contract rises and falls based on market demand. Once the event's outcome is decided, holders of shares that correlate with the correct outcome receive a $1 payout for each share they held.

For example, a user buys 10 shares at 20 cents each in a presidential primary saying Candidate A will win. If Candidate A wins the election, the user earns $10. If the candidate loses, the user earns no money and loses his original $2 investment.

Why do PredictIt markets matter?

Services such as PredictIt are being used to gain insight into the likely outcome of elections. Microsoft Research economist David Rothschild argues that they are better suited to the task than polls: "I can create a poll that can mimic everything about a prediction market...except markets have a way of incentivizing you to come back at 2 a.m. and update your answer."[4][5][6]

Campaign events in Florida

This section features clips of Biden and Trump at presidential campaign events in Florida during the 2020 general election.

Biden in Florida

Biden in Broward County, October 29, 2020
Biden in Tampa, October 29, 2020
Biden in Pembroke Pines, October 13, 2020
Biden in Miramar, October 13, 2020
Biden in Miami, October 5, 2020
Biden in Tampa, September 15, 2020

Trump in Florida

Trump in Opa-Locka, November 1, 2020
Trump in Tampa, October 29, 2020
Trump in The Villages, October 23, 2020
Trump in Pensacola, October 23, 2020
Trump in Ocala, October 16, 2020
Trump in Sanford, October 12, 2020
Trump in Jacksonville, September 24, 2020

Government response to coronavirus pandemic in Florida

Summary of changes to election dates and procedures

Florida modified its voter registration procedures for the November 3, 2020, general election as follows:

  • Voter registration: The voter registration deadline was extended to October 6, 2020.[7]

For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.

Frequently asked questions

See also: Ballotpedia's 2020 Election Help Desk: Presidential election

The 2020 election took place against a backdrop of uncertainty. Our readers had questions about what to expect in elections at all levels of government, from the casting of ballots to the certification of final results. Ballotpedia's 2020 Election Help Desk was designed to answer those questions. Ballotpedia is in the process of compiling and answering frequently asked questions related to the 2020 elections. Questions related to this election will be available soon.


Additional resources

Democratic primary

See also: Democratic presidential nomination, 2020
HIGHLIGHTS
  • Joe Biden won the Florida Democratic primary election on March 17, 2020.
  • Florida had an estimated 249 delegates comprised of 219 pledged delegates and 30 superdelegates. Delegate allocation was proportional.
  • The Democratic primary was closed, meaning only registered Democrats were able to vote in the election.


    • Former Vice President Joe Biden (D) was formally nominated as the Democratic presidential nominee at the 2020 Democratic National Convention on August 18, 2020.[8] The convention was originally scheduled to take place July 13-16, 2020.[9] Organizers postponed the event in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

    Prior to the national convention, individual state caucuses and primaries were held to allocate convention delegates. These delegates vote at the convention to select the nominee. In 2020, a Democratic presidential candidate needed support from 1,991 delegates to secure the nomination.

    With the plurality of pledged delegates, Biden became the presumptive Democratic nominee on April 8, 2020, after Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) suspended his presidential campaign.[10] Biden crossed the delegate threshold necessary to win the nomination on June 5, 2020.[11]

    Biden announced U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris (D) as his running mate on August 11, 2020. Harris is the first Black woman to appear on a major party's ticket in the United States.[12]

    Republican primary

    See also: Republican presidential nomination, 2020
    HIGHLIGHTS
  • Florida held its Republican primary election on March 17, 2020.
  • Florida had an estimated 122 delegates. Delegate allocation was winner-take-all.
  • The Republican primary was closed, meaning only registered Republicans were able to vote in the election.


    • The Republican Party selected President Donald Trump as its presidential nominee at the 2020 Republican National Convention, which was held from August 24-27, 2020.[13]

    Prior to the national convention, individual state caucuses and primaries were held to allocate convention delegates. These delegates vote at the convention to select the nominee. Trump crossed the delegate threshold necessary to win the nomination—1,276 delegates—on March 17, 2020.

    George H.W. Bush (R) was the last incumbent to face a serious primary challenge, defeating political commentator Pat Buchanan in 1992. He was also the last president to lose his re-election campaign. Franklin Pierce (D) was the first and only elected president to lose his party's nomination in 1856.[14]

    Sixteen U.S. presidents—approximately one-third—have won two consecutive elections.

    For an overview of the 2016 presidential election in Florida, click here.



    Candidate filing requirements

    See also: Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Florida

    The tables below detail filing requirements for presidential candidates in Florida in the 2020 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Florida, click here.

    Presidential primary candidates

    In Florida, parties participating in the presidential primary submit candidate names directly to the secretary of state. There are no additional ballot access procedures for presidential primary candidates.[15]

    Independent presidential candidates

    Filing requirements for independent candidates in Florida, 2020
    State Signatures required Signature formula Filing fee Filing fee formula Filing deadline Source
    Florida 132,781 1% of registered electors N/A N/A 7/15/2020 Source

    Historical election results

    2016

    General election

    U.S. presidential election, Florida, 2016
    Party Candidate Vote % Votes Electoral votes
         Democratic Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine 47.8% 4,504,975 0
         Republican Green check mark transparent.pngDonald Trump/Mike Pence 49% 4,617,886 29
         Libertarian Gary Johnson/Bill Weld 2.2% 207,043 0
         Green Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka 0.7% 64,399 0
         Constitution Darrell Lane Castle/Scott Bradley 0.2% 16,475 0
         Reform Rocky De La Fuente/Michael Steinberg 0.1% 9,108 0
         - Other/Write-in 0% 153 0
    Total Votes 9,420,039 29
    Election results via: Florida Division of Elections

    Primary election

    Florida Democratic Primary, 2016
    Candidate Vote % Votes Delegates
    Green check mark transparent.pngHillary Clinton 64.4% 1,101,414 141
    Bernie Sanders 33.3% 568,839 73
    Martin O'Malley 2.3% 38,930 0
    Totals 1,709,183 214
    Source: The New York Times and Florida Department of State


    Florida Republican Primary, 2016
    Candidate Vote % Votes Delegates
    Jeb Bush 1.8% 43,511 0
    Ben Carson 0.9% 21,207 0
    Chris Christie 0.1% 2,493 0
    Ted Cruz 17.1% 404,891 0
    Carly Fiorina 0.1% 1,899 0
    Jim Gilmore 0% 319 0
    Lindsey Graham 0% 693 0
    Mike Huckabee 0.1% 2,624 0
    John Kasich 6.8% 159,976 0
    Rand Paul 0.2% 4,450 0
    Marco Rubio 27% 638,661 0
    Rick Santorum 0.1% 1,211 0
    Green check mark transparent.pngDonald Trump 45.7% 1,079,870 99
    Totals 2,361,805 99
    Source: The New York Times and Florida Department of State

    2012

    2008

    Presidential statewide margins of victory of 5 percentage points or fewer, 1948-2016

    See also: Presidential statewide margins of victory of 5 percentage points or fewer, 1948-2016

    The following map shows the number of times, in presidential elections held between 1948 and 2016, that the margin of victory was 5 percentage points or fewer in each state.

    • Wisconsin was the state with the most frequently narrow margins during this time period, appearing on the list in 10 presidential elections.
    • Five states appeared eight times: Florida, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
    • The state with the narrowest margin of victory was Florida in 2000 at 537 votes or one-hundredth of a percentage point.

    Historical election trends

    See also: Presidential voting history by state

    Florida presidential election results (1900-2024)

    • 17 Democratic wins
    • 15 Republican wins
    Year 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024
    Winning Party D D D D D D D R D D D D D R R R D R R D R R R R D R R D D R R R


    See also: Presidential election accuracy

    Below is an analysis of Florida's voting record in presidential elections. The state's accuracy is based on the number of times a state has voted for a winning presidential candidate. The majority of statistical data is from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration and was compiled, here, by Ballotpedia, unless otherwise noted.

    Presidential election voting record in Florida, 1900-2016

    Between 1900 and 2016:

    • Florida participated in 30 presidential elections.
    • Florida voted for the winning presidential candidate 76.67 percent of the time. The average accuracy of voting for winning presidential candidates for all 50 states in this time frame was 72.31 percent.[16]
    • Florida voted Democratic 56.67 percent of the time and Republican 43.33 percent of the time.

    Presidential election voting record in Florida, 2000-2016

    *An asterisk indicates that that candidate also won the national electoral vote in that election.

    State profile

    See also: Florida and Florida elections, 2019
    USA Florida location map.svg

    Partisan data

    The information in this section was current as of May 7, 2019

    Presidential voting pattern

    • Florida voted Republican in five out of the seven presidential elections between 2000 and 2024.

    Congressional delegation

    State executives

    • Democrats held one of Florida's 16 state executive offices and Republicans held six. Elections for the other offices are nonpartisan.
    • Florida's governor was Republican Ron DeSantis.

    State legislature

    Florida Party Control: 1992-2024
    One year of a Democratic trifecta  •  Twenty-six years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
    Governor D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R I R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    Senate D S S R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    House D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

    Florida quick stats
    • Became a state in 1845
    • 27th state admitted to the United States
    • Florida contains the southernmost point in the contiguous United States.
    • Members of the Florida State Senate: 40
    • Members of the Florida House of Representatives: 120
    • U.S. senators: 2
    • U.S. representatives: 27
    More Florida coverage on Ballotpedia:


    Demographic data for Florida
     FloridaU.S.
    Total population:20,244,914316,515,021
    Land area (sq mi):53,6253,531,905
    Race and ethnicity**
    White:76%73.6%
    Black/African American:16.1%12.6%
    Asian:2.6%5.1%
    Native American:0.3%0.8%
    Pacific Islander:0.1%0.2%
    Two or more:2.4%3%
    Hispanic/Latino:23.7%17.1%
    Education
    High school graduation rate:86.9%86.7%
    College graduation rate:27.3%29.8%
    Income
    Median household income:$47,507$53,889
    Persons below poverty level:19.8%11.3%
    Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
    Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Florida.
    **Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


    Presidential election by state

    See also: Presidential election by state, 2020

    Click on a state below to navigate to information about the presidential election in that jurisdiction.

    https://ballotpedia.org/Presidential_election_in_STATE,_2020

    See also

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ 270 to Win, "Florida," accessed June 17, 2019
    2. ↑ This analysis does not include counties in Alaska and certain independent cities due to variations in vote total reporting.
    3. ↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
    4. ↑ Nature, "The power of prediction markets," October 18, 2016
    5. ↑ Politico, "Meet the 'stock market' for politics," October 31, 2014
    6. ↑ U.S. Presidential General Election Results, "2008 Electoral Map Based on the Intrade Prediction Market," accessed January 25, 2018
    7. ↑ This change was not due to COVID-19. This deadline was extended after the state's voter registration website crashed.
    8. ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "2020 DNC in Milwaukee pushed back to week of August 17 in response to coronavirus pandemic," April 2, 2020
    9. ↑ The New York Times, "Milwaukee Picked as Site of 2020 Democratic National Convention," March 11, 2019
    10. ↑ Talking Points Memo, "Bernie Sanders Ends 2020 Bid, Making Biden Presumptive Dem Nominee," April 8, 2020
    11. ↑ AP, "Biden formally clinches Democratic presidential nomination," June 5, 2020
    12. ↑ CNBC, "Joe Biden picks Sen. Kamala Harris to be his vice presidential running mate, making her the first black woman on a major ticket," August 11, 2020
    13. ↑ Charlotte Observer, "Here’s when the 2020 Republican National Convention will be in Charlotte," October 1, 2018
    14. ↑ NPR, "When Has A President Been Denied His Party's Nomination?" July 22, 2009
    15. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "2020 Federal Qualifying Handbook," accessed August 8, 2019
    16. ↑ This average includes states like Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, which did not participate in all 30 presidential elections between 1900 and 2016. It does not include Washington, D.C., which cast votes for president for the first time in 1964, or Alaska and Hawaii, which cast votes for president for the first time in 1960.
    17. ↑ This number refers to the number of times that the state voted for the winning presidential candidate between 2000 and 2016.
    v • e
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