Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
Nebraska Initiative 439 | |
---|---|
Election date November 5, 2024 | |
Topic Abortion | |
Status | |
Type Constitutional amendment | Origin Citizens |
Nebraska Initiative 439, the Right to Abortion Initiative, was on the ballot in Nebraska as an initiated constitutional amendment on November 5, 2024.[1][2] The ballot measure was defeated.
A "yes" vote supported amending the state constitution to establish a right to abortion until fetal viability. |
A "no" vote opposed amending the state constitution to establish a right to abortion until fetal viability. |
Election results
See also: Results for abortion-related ballot measures, 2024
Nebraska Initiative 439 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Result | Votes | Percentage | ||
Yes | 455,184 | 49.01% | ||
473,652 | 50.99% |
Overview
What would the amendment have done?
- See also: Text of measure
The measure would have amended Article I of the Nebraska Constitution to add a new section providing a right to abortion until fetal viability, defined as "the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the patient's treating health care practitioner, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus' sustained survival outside of the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures."[1]
As of 2024, abortion was illegal after 12 weeks post-fertilization.[3]
How did this measure relate to Initiative 434?
Voters in Nebraska decided on competing ballot measures on abortion. Voters approved Initiative 434, which prohibited abortions after the first trimester, except for medical emergencies or cases related to rape or incest. Voters defeated Initiative 439, which would have established a "fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability, or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient."
Secretary of State Bob Evnen (R) said, "[T]his November general election ballot will host two ballot measures that appear in direct conflict with each other, which could be the first time this has happened in Nebraska’s history." He said Gov. Jim Pillen (R) would have been responsible for determining whether there was a conflict if both passed.[4]
The competing measures were also significant because this was the first time voters anywhere decided on conflicting abortion-related ballot measures on the same ballot.
What was the status of abortion in Nebraska?
- See also: Background
In Nebraska as of 2024, abortion was banned after 12 weeks of pregnancy. The law banning abortion after 12 weeks, LB 574, was signed by Gov. Jim Pillen (R) on May 22, 2023. Exceptions included saving the life of the mother, preventing serious risk to the physical health of the mother, and if the pregnancy was a result of rape and/or incest.[5]
What states have decided on abortion ballot measures in 2022 and 2023?
- See also: History of abortion ballot measures
In June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Dobbs. v. Jackson Women's Health Organization that there is no federal constitutional right to abortion and overturned Roe. v. Wade, placing many abortion policy decisions with the states. From 2022 to 2023, seven ballot measures addressing abortion have been on the ballot, with 2022 having the highest number of abortion ballot measures on record in a single year. Four measures—in Vermont, Michigan, and California in 2022, and Ohio in 2023— were sponsored by campaigns that described themselves as pro-choice and created state constitutional rights to abortion. All four measures were approved. Three measures—in Kansas, Kentucky, and Montana— were sponsored by campaigns describing themselves as pro-life and were designed to explicitly provide that there is no right to abortion in the state constitution. All three were defeated.
What states voted on abortion ballot measures in 2024?
The following table provides a list of abortion-related measures that were on the ballot in 2024:
State | Date | Measure | Description | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arizona | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Abortion Initiative | • Establishes the fundamental right to abortion that the state of Arizona may not interfere with before the point of fetal viability | |
Colorado | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Abortion Initiative | • Provide a constitutional right to abortion in the state constitution and allow the use of public funds for abortion | |
Florida | Nov. 5, 2024 | Florida Amendment 4 | • Provide a constitutional right to abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient's health, as determined by the patient's healthcare provider | |
Maryland | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment | • Amend the Maryland Constitution to establish a right to reproductive freedom, defined to include "decisions to prevent, continue, or end one's own pregnancy" | |
Missouri | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment | • Amend the Missouri Constitution to provide the right for reproductive freedom, and provide that the state legislature may enact laws that regulate abortion after fetal viability | |
Montana | Nov. 5, 2024 | CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative | • Amend the Montana Constitution to provide a state constitutional "right to make and carry out decisions about one’s own pregnancy, including the right to abortion" | |
Nebraska | Nov. 5, 2024 | Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment | • Amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that "unborn children shall be protected from abortion in the second and third trimesters" | |
Nebraska | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Abortion Initiative | • Amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that "all persons shall have a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability" | |
New York | Nov. 5, 2024 | Equal Protection of Law Amendment | • Add language to the New York Bill of Rights to provide that people cannot be denied rights based on their "ethnicity, national origin, age, and disability" or "sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy." | |
Nevada | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Abortion Initiative | • Establish the constitutional right to an abortion, providing for the state to regulate abortion after fetal viability, except where medically indicated to protect the life, physical health, or mental health of the pregnant woman. | |
South Dakota | Nov. 5, 2024 | Constitutional Amendment G | • Provide a trimester framework for regulating abortion in the South Dakota Constitution |
Text of measure
Ballot title
The ballot title for Initiative 439 was as follows:[1]
“ | Shall the Nebraska Constitution be amended to include a new section which provides: 'All persons shall have a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability, or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient, without interference from the state or its political subdivisions. Fetal viability means the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the patient’s treating health care practitioner, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus’ sustained survival outside the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures.'
[ ] For [ ] Against[6] |
” |
Ballot summary
The ballot summary for Initiative 439 was as follows:[1]
“ | A vote 'FOR' will amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that all persons shall have a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability, or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient, without interference from the state or its political subdivisions. Fetal viability is defined as the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the patient’s treating health care practitioner, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus’ sustained survival outside the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures.
|
” |
Object statement
The object statement on the circulating petition was:[1]
“ | The object of this petition is to amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide all persons the fundamental right to abortion without interference from the state or its political subdivisions until fetal viability, which is the point in pregnancy when, in the professional judgment of the patient's health care practitioner, there is a significant likelihood of the fetus' sustained survival outside the uterus without the application of extraordinary medical measures; or when needed to protect the life or health of the pregnant patient.[6] | ” |
Constitutional changes
- See also: Article I, Nebraska Constitution
The ballot measure would have added a Section 31 to Article I of the Nebraska Constitution. The following underlined text would have been added:[1]
Readability score
- See also: Ballot measure readability scores, 2024
Using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) formulas, Ballotpedia scored the readability of the ballot title and summary for this measure. Readability scores are designed to indicate the reading difficulty of text. The Flesch-Kincaid formulas account for the number of words, syllables, and sentences in a text; they do not account for the difficulty of the ideas in the text. The attorney general wrote the ballot language for this measure.
The FKGL for the ballot title is grade level 15, and the FRE is 26. The word count for the ballot title is 88.
The FKGL for the ballot summary is grade level 19, and the FRE is 18. The word count for the ballot summary is 98.
Support
Protect Our Rights led the campaign supporting Initiative 439. Protect Our Rights also led the campaign to oppose Initiative 434.[7]
Supporters
Former Officials
- New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg (D)
Organizations
- ACLU of Nebraska
- Ballot Initiative Strategy Center
- Black in Action Collective
- Freedom From Religion Foundation
- Hopewell Fund
- Nebraska Appleseed
- Nebraska Civic Engagement Table
- New Venture Fund
- Planned Parenthood Action Fund
- Planned Parenthood Advocates of Nebraska
- Reproductive Freedom For All
- Second House Collaborative
- The Fairness Project
- Think Big America
- Women’s Fund of Omaha
Arguments
Opposition
Protect Women and Children led the campaign opposing Initiative 439. Protect Women and Children also led the campaign to support Initiative 434.[8]
Opponents
Officials
- U.S. Sen. Deb Fischer (R)
- U.S. Sen. Pete Ricketts (R)
- Gov. Jim Pillen (R)
- State Sen. Tanya Storer (Nonpartisan)
- University of Nebraska Board Regent Robert Schafer (Nonpartisan)
- University of Nebraska Board Regent Jim Scheer (Nonpartisan)
Organizations
- Common Sense Nebraska
- Nebraska Family Alliance
- Nebraska Right to Life
- Priests for Life
- Students for Life
Arguments
Campaign finance
Protect Our Rights registered as a political action committee (PAC) to support Initiative 439 and oppose Initiative 434. Protect Women & Children registered as a PAC to oppose Initiative 439 and support Initiative 434. [9]
Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Support | $12,935,936.35 | $2,962,655.61 | $15,898,591.96 | $10,511,165.90 | $13,473,821.51 |
Oppose | $7,742,302.32 | $4,974,819.53 | $12,717,121.85 | $7,736,555.06 | $12,711,374.59 |
Total | $20,678,238.67 | $7,937,475.14 | $28,615,713.81 | $18,247,720.96 | $26,185,196.10 |
Support
The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committees in support of the measure.[9]
Committees in support of Initiative 439 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
Protect Our Rights | $12,935,936.35 | $2,962,655.61 | $15,898,591.96 | $10,511,165.90 | $13,473,821.51 |
Total | $12,935,936.35 | $2,962,655.61 | $15,898,591.96 | $10,511,165.90 | $13,473,821.51 |
Donors
The following were the top donors who contributed to the support committees.[9]
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
---|---|---|---|
New Venture Fund | $2,000,000.00 | $0.00 | $2,000,000.00 |
The Fairness Project | $1,500,000.00 | $290,617.95 | $1,790,617.95 |
Planned Parenthood Advocates of Nebraska | $1,507,500.00 | $180,113.45 | $1,687,613.45 |
Ashlei for Nebraska | $765,814.96 | $765,814.96 | $1,531,629.92 |
Michael Bloomberg | $1,500,000.00 | $0.00 | $1,500,000.00 |
Opposition
The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committee in opposition to the measure.[9]
Committees in opposition to Initiative 439 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Committee | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions | Cash Expenditures | Total Expenditures |
Protect Women & Children | $7,742,302.32 | $4,974,819.53 | $12,717,121.85 | $7,736,555.06 | $12,711,374.59 |
Total | $7,742,302.32 | $4,974,819.53 | $12,717,121.85 | $7,736,555.06 | $12,711,374.59 |
Donors
The following were the top donors who contributed to the opposition committee.[9]
Donor | Cash Contributions | In-Kind Contributions | Total Contributions |
---|---|---|---|
Marlene Ricketts | $4,000,000.00 | $0.00 | $4,000,000.00 |
Jim Scheer for Regent | $0.00 | $3,242,455.00 | $3,242,455.00 |
Pete Ricketts | $1,115,000.00 | $0.00 | $1,115,000.00 |
Common Sense Nebraska | $245,000.00 | $820,616.13 | $1,065,616.13 |
Shawn Peed | $1,050,000.00 | $0.00 | $1,050,000.00 |
Methodology
To read Ballotpedia's methodology for covering ballot measure campaign finance information, click here.
Polls
- See also: 2024 ballot measure polls
- Are you aware of a poll on this ballot measure that should be included below? You can share ballot measure polls, along with source links, with us at editor@ballotpedia.org.
Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) | ||||||
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Emerson College Polling | 9/26/24-10/2/24 | 1000 RV | ± 3% | 44% | 40% | 16% |
Question: "On the ballot measure to provide for a state constitutional right to abortion before fetal viability, would you vote yes, in favor of the constitutional right to abortion or no, in opposition?" | ||||||
Note: LV is likely voters, RV is registered voters, and EV is eligible voters.
Background
Status of abortion in Nebraska
In Nebraska, as of 2024, abortion was banned after 12 weeks of pregnancy. This law went into effect when Gov. Jim Pillen (R) signed LB 574 into law on May 22, 2023. Exceptions after 12 weeks of pregnancy included saving the life of the mother, preventing serious risk to the physical health of the mother, and if the pregnancy was a result of rape and/or incest.[5]
U.S. Supreme Court rulings on abortion
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022)
In 2018, Jackson Women’s Health Organization, a clinic and abortion facility in Mississippi, challenged the constitutionality of the "Gestational Age Act" in federal court. The newly-enacted law prohibited abortions after the fifteenth week of pregnancy except in cases of medical emergencies or fetal abnormalities. The U.S. district court granted summary judgment in favor of the plaintiffs, holding that the law was unconstitutional, and put a permanent stop to the law's enforcement. On appeal, the 5th Circuit affirmed the district court's ruling. Click here to learn more about the case's background. On May 17, 2021, the Supreme Court of the United States agreed to hear the case.[10]
On June 24, 2022, in a 5-4 vote, the Supreme Court of the United States found there was no constitutional right to abortion and overruled Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992). In a 6-3 ruling, the court upheld Mississippi's abortion law at issue in the case. Roe v. Wade found that state laws criminalizing abortion prior to fetal viability violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. In Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the essential holding of Roe v. Wade but rejected the trimester framework established in the case. The high court affirmed that states could not ban abortions before fetal viability.
Roe v. Wade (1973)
In 1973, the Supreme Court of the United States issued its ruling in Roe v. Wade, finding that state laws criminalizing abortion prior to fetal viability violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The high court held that states can regulate and/or prohibit abortions (except those to preserve the life or health of the mother) once a fetus reaches the point of viability. Roe v. Wade defined fetal viability as "the interim point at which the fetus becomes 'viable,' that is, potentially able to live outside the mother's womb, albeit with artificial aid." The high court further noted that "viability is usually placed at about seven months (28 weeks) but may occur earlier, even at 24 weeks."[11]
The ruling established a strict trimester framework to guide state abortion policies. States, according to this framework, were prohibited from banning or regulating abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. During the second trimester, states were permitted to regulate abortion to protect the mother's health. During the third trimester, states were allowed to ban abortion, except in cases where an abortion is needed to preserve the life or health of the mother.[11]
Abortion regulations by state
As of February 28, 2025, 41 states restricted abortions after a certain point in pregnancy.[12] The remaining nine states and Washington, D.C., did not. Of the 41 states with established thresholds for restrictions on abortion:
- Thirteen states restrict abortion after conception
- Four states restrict abortion at six weeks post-fertilization
- Two states restrict abortion at 12 weeks post-fertilization
- Zero states restrict abortion at 15 weeks post-fertilization
- One state restricts abortion at 18 weeks since the last menstrual period
- Three states restrict abortion at 20 weeks post-fertilization or 22 weeks after the last menstrual period
- Four states restrict abortion at 24 weeks since the last menstrual period
- Thirteen states restrict abortion at fetal viability
- One state restricts abortion in the third trimester
The map and table below give more details on state laws restricting abortion based on the stage of pregnancy. Hover over the footnotes in the table for information on legislation pending legal challenges or otherwise not yet in effect.
Some of the terms that are used to describe states' thresholds for abortion restriction include the following:
- Conception: This threshold prohibits all abortions after conception, although some states provide exceptions if the woman's life or health is threatened.[13]
- Fetal heartbeat: This threshold restricts abortions after a fetal heartbeat can be detected, which may begin six weeks after the last menstrual period.[14][15]
- Fetal viability: In Roe v. Wade, SCOTUS defined fetal viability. The Supreme Court further noted that "viability is usually placed at about seven months (28 weeks) but may occur earlier, even at 24 weeks."[16]
- Last menstrual period: This threshold marks the beginning of a pregnancy from the first day of a woman's last menstrual period.[14]
- Post-fertilization: Thresholds using post-fertilization mark the beginning of pregnancy at the time of conception, which can occur up to 24 hours following intercourse. A threshold of 20 weeks post-fertilization is equivalent to 22 weeks since last menstrual period.[17]
- Post-implantation: Thresholds using post-implantation mark the beginning of pregnancy at the date on which a fertilized egg adheres to the lining of the uterus, roughly five days after fertilization. A threshold of 24 weeks post-implantation is equivalent to 27 weeks since last menstrual period.[17]
Constitutional rights
The topic constitutional rights addresses ballot measures that establish a state constitutional right to abortion. Campaigns that support these measures often describe themselves as pro-choice or pro-reproductive rights.
Constitutional interpretation
The topic constitutional interpretation addresses ballot measures designed to provide that state constitutions cannot be interpreted to establish a state constitutional right to abortion. These types of amendments are designed to address previous and future state court rulings on abortion that have prevented or could prevent legislatures from passing certain abortion laws. Campaigns that support these measures often describe themselves as pro-life.
State | Year | Measure | Yes | No | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kansas | 2022 | No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment | 41.03% | 58.97% | |
Kentucky | 2022 | No State Constitutional Right to Abortion Amendment | 47.65% | 52.35% | |
Louisiana | 2020 | Amendment 1: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment | 62.06% | 37.94% | |
Alabama | 2018 | Amendment 2: State Abortion Policy Amendment | 59.01% | 40.99% | |
West Virginia | 2018 | Amendment 1: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure | 51.73% | 48.27% | |
Tennessee | 2014 | Amendment 1: No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment | 52.60% | 47.40% | |
Florida | 2012 | Amendment 6: State Constitution Interpretation and Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Amendment | 44.90% | 55.10% | |
Massachusetts | 1986 | Question 1: No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment | 41.83% | 58.17% |
Path to the ballot
The state process
In Nebraska, the number of signatures required to qualify an initiated constitutional amendment for the ballot is equal to 10 percent of registered voters as of the deadline for filing signatures. Because of the unique signature requirement based on registered voters, Nebraska is also the only state where petition sponsors cannot know the exact number of signatures required until they are submitted. Nebraska law also features a distribution requirement mandating that petitions contain signatures from 5 percent of the registered voters in each of two-fifths (38) of Nebraska's 93 counties.
Signatures must be submitted at least four months prior to the next general election. Signatures do not roll over and become invalid after the next general election at least four months after the initial initiative application filing. Depending on when the initiative application is filed, petitioners can have up to just under two years to circulate petitions.
The requirements to get an initiated constitutional amendment certified for the 2024 ballot:
- Signatures: approximately 123,465
- Deadline: The deadline to submit signatures was July 3, 2024.
Signatures are submitted to the secretary of state. The secretary of state sends the appropriate signature petitions to each county, where county election officials verify the signatures. Upon receiving the signatures back from county officials, the secretary of state determines whether or not the requirements were met.
Details about this initiative
- The initiative was filed on November 13, 2023.[2]
- The campaign reported submitting 207,000 signatures on July 3, 2024.[25]
- On August 23, 2024, the secretary of state certified the initiative for the ballot. The secretary reported that the campaign submitted more than 136,000 valid signatures and collected valid signatures from at least 5% of registered voters in 47 counties.[26]
Sponsors of the measure hired Landslide Political and She's Electable Nebraska LLC to collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the ballot. A total of $2,117,999.00 was spent to collect the 123,465 valid signatures required to put this measure before voters, resulting in a total cost per required signature (CPRS) of $17.15.
Lawsuit
Lawsuit overview | |
Issue: Whether the amendment violates the state's single subject rule | |
Court: Nebraska Supreme Court | |
Plaintiff(s): Carolyn I. LaGreca | Defendant(s): Nebraska Secretary of State Bob Evnen (R) |
Source: Nebraska Examiner
On August 26, 2024, Carolyn LeGreca filed a lawsuit with the Nebraska Supreme Court arguing that the initiative violated the state's single subject rule because the U.S. Supreme Court has recognized a distinction between a fundamental right to abortion and granting it "without interference from the state."[27]
How to cast a vote
- See also: Voting in Nebraska
See below to learn more about current voter registration rules, identification requirements, and poll times in Nebraska.
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nebraska Secretary of State, "Full text," accessed November 17, 2023 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Text" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nebraska Secretary of State's Office, "Current Petitions in Circulation," accessed January 6, 2023 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "SoS" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ The Fuller Project, "How major abortion laws compare, state by state," accessed December 4, 2022
- ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State, "Secretary of State certifies two abortion-related petitions for general election ballot," August 23, 2024
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nebraska State Legislature, "LB 574," accessed September 3, 2024
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Protect Our Rights, "Homepage," accessed October 26, 2024
- ↑ Protect Women and Children, "Homepage," accessed October 26, 2024
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 NADC, "Campaign Finance," accessed September 7, 2024
- ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Court to weigh in on Mississippi abortion ban intended to challenge Roe v. Wade," May 17, 2021
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Cornell University Law School, "Roe v. Wade," accessed April 27, 2017
- ↑ Note: Exceptions to these thresholds are generally provided when pregnancy threatens the mother's life or health.
- ↑ The Fuller Project, "How major abortion laws compare, state by state," accessed December 4, 2022
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kaiser Family Foundation, "States with Gestational Limits for Abortion," August 1, 2020
- ↑ Guttmacher Institute, "State Bans on Abortion Throughout Pregnancy," September 1, 2021
- ↑ Supreme Court of the United States, Roe v. Wade, January 22, 1973
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Guttmacher Institute, "The Implications of Defining When a Woman Is Pregnant," May 9, 2005
- ↑ Voters approved Proposition 139 on November 5, 2024, amending the state constitution to provide for the fundamental right to abortion, among other provisions. The amendment was set to go into effect once Gov. Katie Hobbs (D) certified the election results following the November 25, 2024, canvass deadline.
- ↑ Axios, "When Arizona's new abortion measure will take effect," November 7, 2024
- ↑ In a 6-3 decision in Moyle v. United States (consolidated with Idaho v. United States), the U.S. Supreme Court on June 27, 2024, reinstated a U.S. District Court for the District of Idaho ruling that temporarily blocked the state of Idaho from enforcing the part of a 2022 law that barred abortion in case of certain medical emergencies.
- ↑ Voters approved Amendment 3, which provided for a right to abortion in the state constitution. The amendment was set to take effect 30 days after the election.
- ↑ Missouri Independent, "Missouri voters approve Amendment 3, overturn state’s abortion ban," November 5, 2024
- ↑ Ohio voters approved Issue 1 in 2023, allowing the state to restrict abortion only after fetal viability. However, the state's previous restrictions on abortion—such as SB 127, which banned abortion at 20 weeks post-fertilization—remained on the books. As of August 2024, courts had not weighed in on the interaction between Issue 1 and the older laws.
- ↑ Note: Florida Amendment 4 needed to receive a 60% vote to be approved.
- ↑ Express and Star, "Competing abortion measures could be on Nebraska’s ballot in November," July 3, 2024
- ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State, "Secretary of State certifies two abortion-related petitions for general election ballot," August 23, 2024
- ↑ Nebraska Examiner, "Lawsuit asks Nebraska Supreme Court to intervene and stop abortion-rights ballot petition," August 28, 2024
- ↑ Nebraska Statutes, "Section 32-908," accessed April 18, 2023
- ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State, “Nebraska Voter Registration Background,” accessed April 18, 2023
- ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State, “Felon Voting Rights FAQ,” accessed April 18, 2023
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Nebraska Secretary of State, “Voter Information Frequently Asked Questions,” accessed April 18, 2023
- ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State, “Online Voter Registration Frequently Asked Questions,” accessed April 18, 2023
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 NCSL, "State Profiles: Elections," accessed August 28, 2024
- ↑ Omaha World-Herald, “Online voter registration is coming to Nebraska,” September 5, 2015
- ↑ Nebraska Secretary of State’s Official Voter Registration Application," accessed November 1, 2024
- ↑ Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
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