Duchcov Chateau
Duchcov ( German Dux ) is located on the town square of the same name Duchcov. It belongs to the district Okres Teplice in the region Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic in the north.
- 2.1 Castle Garden
- 2.2 Museum
History
The Lords of Hrabischitz built in the 13th century in their market settlement Hrabišín, which developed into Dux, a fortress which later passed their cognate Lords of Ossegg (z Oseka ) and Giant Castle ( Rýzmburk ).
After 1570 was Wenzel Popel of Lobkowicz at the site of the fortress build a Renaissance castle according to the plans of the architect Ulrico Aostalli. 1642 acquired by the Counts von Waldstein the castle and converted it from 1675 to 1685 after plans by the architect Jean Baptiste Mathey in Baroque style around.
Until 1707 the castle was extended to the two side wings. After 1720 further building modifications were made by the architect František Maximilian Kanka. The designed according to ancient models sculptures and vases in front of the courtyard created Matthias Bernhard Braun, who also - was involved in the sculptural interior - along with Ferdinand Maximilian Brokoff. Wenzel Lorenz Reiner created the ceiling painting of the great hall. 1812-1818 the castle facade of the time was accordingly Classicist style. The castle was the seat of the manorial economy Office of the Fideikommissherrschaft Dux with top Leitendorf together with the Allodialgut Malt Heuer.
Hospital
Archbishop Johann Friedrich von Waldstein founded in 1694 in the stately castle district a hospital. For the conversation, he assured on the Allodialgut Malt Heuer a capital of 27 780 guilders and other benefits in kind. This was extended in 1716 under Johann Josef von Waldstein, so that it offered twelve men and women and six orphaned boys and girls place. This also included the construction of the hospital church of St.. Cross. Emanuel Philibert of Waldstein - Wartenberg moved in 1775 twelve orphans in the courts of his newly established orphanage at the cloth factory in Upper Leitendorf. At the beginning of the 19th century made the altered financial circumstances reducing the Pfründler to eight men and women necessary.
The 400 m west of the palace on the edge of Castle Park located hospital fell victim to the brown coal mining. In Schlosspavillon, frescoes, which created Wenzel Lorenz Reiner for the hospital church.
Rule Dux
The origins of the rule lie in the old castle of the lords of Wosek Osek and in the middle of the 13th century to the gentlemen built by giants castle new castle Wosek or giant castle. Paul Fürst Kaplirz de Sulewicz moved in 1491 to the seat of power of the giant castle on the festivals Dux. 1523 bought Diepolt Lobkowicz the rule Riesenburg as collateral owned by Kaplirz de Sulewicz. King Ferdinand I left Diepolts sons of the reign Dux with the wild giant castle in 1530 as a hereditary possession. Wenzel of Lobkowicz bought in 1589 by the Knights of Jahn added the rule Oberleutensdorf. The Good Wschechlab slammed the rule in 1592. The widow and heir of Franz Joseph von Lobkowicz, Marie Polyxena of Talmberg, married Maximilian of Wallenstein, in 1642 their extensive properties inherited. 1655 was the rule to his minor son, Johann Friedrich. This raised the dominions Dux and Oberleutensdorf in 1680 to Familienfideikommiss, but he gave the humble town of Dux freedom. The other owners were from 1694 Ernst Josef von Waldstein, 1707 Johann Josef von Waldstein, 1731 Franz Josef von Waldstein (from 1758 of Waldstein - Wartenberg ) 1760 Emmanuel Philibert of Waldstein - Wartenberg, 1774 Joseph Karl Emanuel von Waldstein Wartenberg, 1814 Franz Adam von Waldstein - Wartenberg, from 1823 Georg Josef von Waldstein - Wartenberg and 1824 Anton von Waldstein - Wartenberg.
In the field of Fideikommissherrschaft Dux with top Leitendorf together with the acquired in 1713 Allodialgut Malt Heuer lived in 1830 10,349 German -speaking people who were all Catholic except for some Protestants in Dux and a Jewish family in Upper Leitendorf. Main sources of income were agriculture, manufacturing and commercial operation as well as the trade. In 1831 the Fideikommissherrschaft Dux with top Leitendorf included along with the Allodialgut Malt Heuer (but without the free Street Dux ) an agricultural area of 24,962 yoke 1495 1/2 square fathoms; which accounted for 24,196 yoke 329 1/2 square fathoms on the rule Dux and 766 yoke 1166 square fathoms on the Good Malt Heuer. The rule of ten Meier managed farms in Dux, Liptitz, Schell countersinking, Sobrusan, Wschechlab, top Leitendorf, low - Leitendorf, Wiesa, Malt Heuer and Lower George Dale. The predominantly located in the Erzgebirge stately forests were in 1825 in ten forest districts - the Duxer area with 137 yoke, the upper Leitensdorfer area with 293 yoke, the Riesenberger area with 952 yoke, the nobility Grunder area with 883 yoke, the Long Wiesner area with 1395 yoke, the Willers villages area with 1446 yoke, the Flöher area with 2932 yoke, the Lichtenwalder area with 1792 yoke, the Schönbächer area with 2165 yoke and the Göhraer area with 1566 yoke - farmed. The annual timber yield was 9000 fathoms, most of it was sold at the Neugrabenflöße in the Kingdom of Saxony. The largest commercial enterprise was founded in 1715 by Johann Josef von Waldstein cloth, Casimir and Circas Factory to top Leitendorf with 200 employees; it was headed by Ferdinand Roemheld, who was also entered in addition to the rule as Compagnon. In 1832 were in the rule ( without the free Street Dux ) 1376 persons engaged in trade, industry and commerce.
To rule among the market towns of Upper Leitendorf and Lower George valley, the villages Liptitz, Ladowitz, Schelenken, Sobrusan, Wschechlab, Sterbina, Straka, Loosch, Ray, Giant Mountain, Long Meadow, Fley, Motzdorf, Georg Ensdorf, Rasha, list, Schoenbach, noise floor, Oberdorf, Sandel, Bettelgrüna, low - Leitendorf, Meadow, Lindau, Malt Heuer, Lower George valley and shares of Dux ( the Castle District with the castle including 12 houses with 143 inhabitants ), Upper George Thal, hammer, Göhre, Willersdorf and charge.
Among the personalities who were in close relationship to the castle and its owners include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Frederic Chopin and Ludwig van Beethoven, who here in 1812 concerted and Count Ferdinand Ernst von Waldstein which is known as " Waldstein Sonata " piano work dedicated.
1813, met the Russian Tsar Alexander I, King Friedrich Wilhelm III. of Prussia and Emperor Francis I of Austria for talks on Castle Dux.
1784 Casanova met in Vienna to Count Joseph Karl von Waldstein, who in 1785 made him the offer to work as a librarian at Dux Castle. Casanova spent the last years of his life, which were characterized by monotony and a constant struggle with the other inhabitants of the castle, during which he wrote but also his extensive memoirs. He died in 1798 and was buried in Dux. The location of the grave site was forgotten and is no longer known today.
Plant
The two existing departments with two courtyards lock contained in the mid-19th century, three reception rooms and 60 rooms. In the middle of the second court a metal basin was erected, Albrecht of Wallenstein in 1630 was cast in Nuremberg from Swedish cannons captured and originally stood in Prague Waldstein garden. The Large family room was with portraits of personalities from the house of Waldstein and with historical paintings by Wenzel Lorenz Reiner, who represented scenes from the life of the Count of Waldstein, embellished. The ceiling painting turned Heinrich Waldstein at the launch of his 24 sons and their 24 squire in King Premysl Otakar II in 1254 dar. addition were in the castle a extensive collection of paintings and sculpture collection, a natural history and art collection as well as a collection of weapons. The castle library contained over 12,000 volumes.
Castle Garden
The 1716-1728 term baroque garden was transformed into an English landscape park in the early 19th century. He fell in the 1950s, the lignite mine victim. Some parts have been reconstructed in the 1960s based on old plans.
Museum
The castle houses a museum with a historic furniture collection. Also on display is the painting and gallery of ancestors Wallensteins to a portrait of the Duke of Friedland by Anthony van Dyck belongs. One room is dedicated to Giacomo Casanova, who was employed as a librarian here 1785-1798, and his memoirs "Histoire de ma vie" wrote and died here in 1798.