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Summary : The JURI Committee workshop on monitoring the application of EU law was held on July 15, 2025. It brought together academic experts to explore how the effectiveness of EU law implementation can be assessed and improved. Prof. Dr Helen Xanthaki addressed the quality of legislative drafting and its impact on enforcement. Prof. Dr Sara Drake presented a citizen-centred approach to monitoring. Prof. Dr Hans Schulte-Nölke and Prof. Dr Mary-Rose McGuire jointly analysed the European Commission’s 2023 Annual Report, highlighting shortcomings in transparency and enforcement and proposing improvements in private law monitoring. Prof. Dr Maurizia De Bellis examined enforcement in key policy areas identified by the Letta and Draghi reports. Finally, Prof. Dr Giovanni Sartor discussed how AI tools could support compliance tracking. The workshop provided an interdisciplinary perspective on how law-making, enforcement, and digital innovation intersect in the EU context.

Authors : ERMINI ALESSANDRO

Summary : The workshop on the 28th legal regime was held on June 5, 2025 on request of the JURI Committee. Experts presented their findings on various aspects of the establishment of the 28th regime, including hurdles currently experienced by EU companies, EU competences to introduce the 28th regime, necessary safeguards, simplification of registration of companies, and the scope of the 28th regime. The workshop also included an intervention on behalf of the European Commission and the European Economic and Social Committee. These proceedings are prepared by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs for the JURI Committee.

Authors : IVANOVA TSVETELINA VENTSISLAVOVA

Summary : This in-depth analysis explains the statistical nature of generative AI and how training on copyright-protected data results in persistent functional dependencies with respect to the used data. It highlights the challenges of attribution and novelty detection in these high-dimensional models, emphasizing the limitations of current methodologies. The study provides technical recommendations for traceability and output assessment mechanisms. This study is commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs.

Summary : This study examines the difficulties encountered by the EU in harmonising company law, notwithstanding the considerable expectations of economic operators. It reviews the limitations of earlier initiatives (e.g. the European company (SE), European private company (SPE) and single-member private limited-liability company (SUP)) – whether successful or not – and seeks to draw upon the successful model of the Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). It underscores the importance of having a strict legal framework in place to prevent malpractice arising from forum shopping and ensure fair competition in the single mark.

Summary : This in-depth analysis, commissioned by the Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the European Parliament’s JURI committee, should be seen in the context of the development of a 28th legal regime, enabling innovative SMEs and start-ups to overcome the fragmentation of the internal market. To what extent can corporate law, insolvency, labour law or taxation in particular be harmonised by one or more voluntary instruments?

Summary : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs, critically analyses the EU’s evolving approach to regulating civil liability for artificial intelligence systems. In order to avoid regulatory fragmentation between Member States, the study advocates for a strict liability regime targeting high-risk systems, structured around a single responsible operator and grounded in legal certainty, efficiency and harmonisation.

Summary : This in-depth analysis, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs, examines the scope of the proposed 28th regime. For the 28th regime to be successful, it needs to be user-friendly and widely adopted, thereby fostering trust and investment. Restricting access to 'innovative companies' could create bureaucratic obstacles that would discourage entrepreneurs and investors. Rather than restricting access, the 28th regime should be open to businesses of all kinds and designed to meet the needs of innovative businesses, including those with an exit strategy who wish to attract VC funding and those with a vision of long-term independence. Broad access to most parts of the 28th regime - especially in the area of company law - should be combined with targeted measures to a modular approach.

Summary : This in-depth analysis, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs, explores the proposed 28th company law regime. It highlights the need for a unified, digital-native EU-level company registration system to reduce fragmentation, enhance legal certainty, and support innovation, entrepreneurship, and cross-border growth across the Single Market.

Summary : The JURI Committee workshop on generative AI and copyright was held on June 4, 2025. Prof. Dr. Lucchi presented a study requested by the Committee on the legal aspects of the phenomenon. The complex relationship between copyright and generative AI from the perspective of technological and economic dimensions was addressed by the accompanying expertise of Dr. Axel Brando and Prof. Dr. Peukert, respectively. The workshop included a perspective from the creative sector, as well as a presentation of views from the European Commission. These proceedings are prepared by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs for the JURI Committee.

Authors : IVANOVA TSVETELINA VENTSISLAVOVA

Summary : This study examines how generative AI challenges core principles of EU copyright law. It highlights the legal mismatch between AI training practices and current text and data mining exceptions, and the uncertain status of AI-generated content. These developments pose structural risks for the future of creativity in Europe, where a rich and diverse cultural heritage depends on the continued protection and fair remuneration of authors. The report calls for clear rules on input/output distinctions, harmonised opt-out mechanisms, transparency obligations, and equitable licensing models. To balance innovation and authors’ rights, the European Parliament is expected to lead reforms that reflect the evolving realities of creativity, authorship, and machine-generated expression. This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs.

Summary : This in-depth analysis, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs, assesses the potential drivers and rationale for a possible 28th Regime as proposed in the Letta Report. The 28th Regime seeks to enable firms who wish to do so to operate under a new business law codified at European level. The intent is to enable firms, especially SMEs and innovative firms, to operate without friction across all EU Member States.

Summary : This study of Reporting Obligations was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the JURI Committee. It provides an overview of regulatory reporting and disclosure overlaps that businesses face across the recently enacted Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), and the EU Taxonomy. It provides recommendations on how to mitigate the burdens caused by these overlaps, together with a preliminary assessment of the Commission’s efforts to reduce burdens in the proposed Omnibus Directives.

Summary : The Policy Hub on Better Law-Making hold on 18 February, 2025 focused on challenges to EU law making. The French Senate’s report was presented and perceived as a wake-up call, urging a shift towards effective, accessible law-making in the EU. Academics highlighted issues of excessive legislation, the need for clearer and citizen-centered laws. They emphasized the need for simplifying legal texts, improving democratic scrutiny by the European Parliament, and fostering collaboration with academia. These proceeding are prepared by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs for the JURI Committee.

Summary : These proceedings cover the Policy Hub on Better Law-Making in the European Union held on December 4, 2024. During the hub European academics indicated that European legislation is no longer fit for purpose and urgently needs modernisation. The experts recommended simplification of the structure and the drafting style of European legislation, citizen-centred approach to EU legislation, along with improving evidence base and digitisation. These proceedings are prepared by Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs for the JURI Committee.

Summary : Professor Dr Xanthaki presented to JURI Committee a critical analysis of the "The 'one in, one out' principle - A real better lawmaking tool?". She concluded that the principle may lead to less (not better) legislation, purely on a arithmetical basis, and recommended to JURI Committee to focus on genuine better law-making tools, including a modernized, citizen-centred drafting structure and style for EU legislation, which she considered not fit for purpose in its current style. This briefing was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the JURI Committee.

Authors : VANÝSKOVÁ ZUZANA

Summary : Commitments made at the confirmation hearings of the Commissioners-designate 2024-2029