Netherlands Real Residential Property Price Index Growth
1971 - 2024 | Quarterly | % | Bank for International Settlements
Key information about Netherlands Real Residential Property Price Index Growth
- Netherlands Real Residential Property Price Index Growth was reported at 6.512 % in Sep 2024.
- This records an increase from the previous number of 4.662 % for Jun 2024.
- Netherlands Real Residential Property Price Index Growth data is updated quarterly, averaging 3.462 % from Mar 1971 to Sep 2024, with 215 observations.
- The data reached an all-time high of 36.487 % in Jun 1977 and a record low of -21.861 % in Mar 1982.
- Netherlands Real Residential Property Price Index Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank for International Settlements.
- The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Association: Property Sector – Table RK.BIS.RPPI: Selected Real Residential Property Price Index: 2010=100: Quarterly: YoY %.
View Netherlands's Real Residential Property Price Index Growth from Mar 1971 to Sep 2024 in the chart:
What was Netherlands's Real Residential Property Price Index Growth in Sep 2024?
Netherlands Real Residential Property Price Index Growth was reported at 6.512 % in Sep 2024. See the table below for more data.
| Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.512 Sep 2024 | 4.662 Jun 2024 | -21.861 Mar 1982 | 36.487 Jun 1977 | % | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
Real Residential Property Price Index Growth by Country Comparison
| country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia (%) | 4.236 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| Austria (%) | -4.495 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Belgium (%) | 0.375 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| Brazil (%) | 2.697 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2024 |
| Bulgaria (%) | 14.342 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Canada (%) | -5.631 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| Chile (%) | 2.100 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2003 - Jun 2024 |
| China (%) | -9.029 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2006 - Sep 2024 |
| Colombia (%) | 0.840 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1989 - Sep 2024 |
| Croatia (%) | 10.217 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Cyprus (%) | 5.168 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2003 - Jun 2024 |
| Czech Republic (%) | 3.467 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2009 - Sep 2024 |
| Denmark (%) | 3.427 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| Estonia (%) | 3.118 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2006 - Sep 2024 |
| Finland (%) | -3.743 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| France (%) | -5.132 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| Germany (%) | -2.629 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| Greece (%) | 4.785 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China (%) | -15.142 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1980 - Sep 2024 |
| Hungary (%) | 8.463 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Iceland (%) | 5.653 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| India (%) | 0.098 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2010 - Sep 2024 |
| Indonesia (%) | -0.560 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| Ireland (%) | 8.213 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| Israel (%) | 2.698 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| Italy (%) | 2.808 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1948 - Sep 2024 |
| Japan (%) | 0.668 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1956 - Sep 2024 |
| South Korea (%) | -2.360 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1976 - Sep 2024 |
| Latvia (%) | 4.371 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2024 |
| Lithuania (%) | 8.128 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Luxembourg (%) | -10.440 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Jun 2024 |
| North Macedonia (%) | 5.254 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2001 - Sep 2024 |
| Malaysia (%) | -1.520 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1989 - Sep 2024 |
| Malta (%) | 5.441 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2006 - Jun 2024 |
| Mexico (%) | 3.943 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2006 - Sep 2024 |
| Morocco (%) | 0.236 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2006 - Jun 2024 |
| Netherlands (%) | 6.512 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| New Zealand (%) | -1.930 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Mar 2024 |
| Norway (%) | 0.452 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Sep 2024 |
| Peru (%) | -1.865 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Philippines (%) | -5.306 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2009 - Sep 2024 |
| Poland (%) | 9.300 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Sep 2024 |
| Portugal (%) | 7.476 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Romania (%) | -0.994 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2010 - Sep 2024 |
| Russia (%) | 8.049 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2024 |
| Serbia (%) | 0.425 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2001 - Sep 2024 |
| Singapore (%) | 1.844 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Mar 2024 |
| Slovakia (%) | 3.403 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2024 |
| Slovenia (%) | 6.894 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| South Africa (%) | -3.487 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1967 - Sep 2024 |
| Spain (%) | 5.963 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1972 - Sep 2024 |
| Sweden (%) | -1.708 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| Switzerland (%) | 0.675 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
| Thailand (%) | 2.299 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1992 - Sep 2024 |
| Turkey (%) | -13.509 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Sep 2024 |
| United Arab Emirates (%) | 16.174 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Mar 2024 |
| United Kingdom (%) | 0.288 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 1969 - Sep 2024 |
| United States (%) | 0.796 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2024 |
Accurate Macro & Micro Economic Data You Can Trust
Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.
Learn more about what we doNetherlands Key Series
| Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -0.1 Mar 2023 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Mar 2023 |
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | 5,295.575 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 82,398.457 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 26.6 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| National Government Debt (USD mn) | 508,992.1 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 43.2 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Forecast: Government Expenditure (EUR bn) | 615.768 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
| Forecast: Government Net Debt (EUR bn) | 660.921 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
| Forecast: Government Revenue (EUR bn) | 577.372 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
| Government: Revenues (EUR mn) | 129,119.000 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Government: Revenue: Tax (EUR mn) | 76,539.000 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Government: Expenditures (EUR mn) | 124,200.000 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Government: Balance (EUR mn) | 4,919.000 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Gross General Government Debt: ESA 2010: Nominal: Abroad (EUR mn) | 192,772.000 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Gross General Government Debt: ESA 2010: Nominal: Domestic (EUR mn) | 282,433.000 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Jun 2024 |
| Gross Central Govt Debt: Short Term (EUR mn) | 23,552.985 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Jan 2025 |
| Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 3.300 2029 | yearly | 1981 - 2029 |
| Trade Balance (USD mn) | 11,475.5 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Total Exports (USD mn) | 69,829.5 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Total Exports Growth (%) | 2.9 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Jan 2025 |
| Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 6,189,367.268 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 26,259,400.312 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 29,036,613.790 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Total Imports (USD mn) | 58,354.0 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Total Imports Growth (%) | 5.9 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Jan 2025 |
| Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 22,311,110.944 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 22,505,944.716 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 4,829.369 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Nov 2024 |
| Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 6,282.153 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
| Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 2,758.274 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Nov 2024 |
| Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 4,511.338 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2024 |
| Exports: Food and Live Animals (FA) (EUR mn) | 8,191.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Exports (EUR mn) | 67,429.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Exports: Chemicals and Related Products n.e.s (CR) (EUR mn) | 9,713.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Exports: Crude Materials and Inedible excl Fuels (CM) (EUR mn) | 2,414.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Exports: Machinery and Transports Equipment (MT) (EUR mn) | 13,624.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Exports: Mineral Fuels and Lubricants (MF) (EUR mn) | 7,228.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Imports: Crude Materials and Inedible excl Fuels (CM) (EUR mn) | 1,291.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Imports: Mineral Fuels and Lubricants (MF) (EUR mn) | 7,340.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Imports: Machinery and Transports Equipment (MT) (EUR mn) | 12,574.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Imports: Chemicals and Related Products n.e.s (CR) (EUR mn) | 6,276.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Imports: Food and Live Animals (FA) (EUR mn) | 5,263.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Imports (EUR mn) | 56,348.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Jan 2025 |
| Balance of Payments | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct Investment Abroad (USD mn) | 17,743.3 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD mn) | 27,762.5 Mar 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1967 - Mar 2023 |
| Current Account Balance: % of GDP (%) | 9.5 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1987 - Sep 2024 |
| Foreign Direct Investment (USD mn) | 14,591.6 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| Foreign Direct Investment: % of GDP (%) | 4.7 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| Foreign Portfolio Investment (USD mn) | 30,173.287 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| Foreign Portfolio Investment: % of GDP (%) | 9.8 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1987 - Sep 2024 |
| Foreign Portfolio Investment: Equity Securities (USD mn) | -2,865.6 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1967 - Sep 2024 |
| Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities (USD mn) | 33,022.854 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1967 - Sep 2024 |
| External Debt (USD mn) | 4,398,654.0 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| External Debt: % of GDP (%) | 373.8 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
| External Debt: Short Term (USD mn) | 1,831,425.5 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP (%) | 148.5 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
| Total Debt: % of GDP (%) | 973.5 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Forecast: Current Account Balance (USD bn) | 151.461 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
| Net International Investment Position (USD mn) | 678,685.918 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Other Investment: Liabilities (EUR mn) | 37,389.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Other Investment: Assets (EUR mn) | 69,275.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Financial Derivatives & Employee Stock Options (EUR mn) | -8,954.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Direct Investment: Liabilities (EUR mn) | 13,278.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Direct Investment: Assets (EUR mn) | 16,146.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Current Account: Services: Debit (EUR mn) | 65,034.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Current Account: Services: Credit (EUR mn) | 73,942.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Current Account: Goods: Debit (EUR mn) | 142,419.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Current Account: Goods: Credit (EUR mn) | 164,701.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Liabilities (EUR mn) | 27,457.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| BoP: Capital Account: Credits (EUR mn) | 205.100 Dec 2018 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Dec 2018 |
| BoP: Capital Account (EUR mn) | -463.700 Dec 2018 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Dec 2018 |
| BoP: Capital Account: Debits (EUR mn) | 668.800 Dec 2018 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Dec 2018 |
| BoP: Errors and Omissions (EUR mn) | -1,472.400 Dec 2018 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Dec 2018 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Reserve Assets (EUR mn) | 295.300 Dec 2018 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Dec 2018 |
| International Investment Position (IIP): Net (EUR mn) | 608,960.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| IIP: Net (EUR mn) | 533,005.800 Dec 2018 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Dec 2018 |
| IIP: Assets (EUR mn) | 10,065,078.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| Gross External Debt: HN: Short Term (EUR mn) | 2,040.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| Gross External Debt: NC: Short Term (EUR mn) | 326,851.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| Gross External Debt: OC: Short Term (EUR mn) | 553,564.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| Gross External Debt: OM: Short Term (EUR mn) | 675,289.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| Gross External Debt: CB: Short Term (EUR mn) | 63,632.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| Foreign Direct Investment: Services: Information & Communication (EUR mn) | 23,256.000 2022 | yearly | 2015 - 2022 |
| Foreign Direct Investment: Industry: Mining, Quarrying, Oil & Chemicals (EUR mn) | 15,157.000 2022 | yearly | 2015 - 2022 |
| Foreign Direct Investment: Industry: Food, Drink & Tobacco (EUR mn) | -263.000 2022 | yearly | 2015 - 2022 |
| Direct Investment Abroad: Industry: Food, Drink & Tobacco (EUR mn) | 2,686.000 2022 | yearly | 2015 - 2022 |
| Direct Investment Abroad: Services: Banking & Insurance (EUR mn) | -31,713.000 2022 | yearly | 2015 - 2022 |
| Direct Investment Abroad: Services: Information & Communication (EUR mn) | 31,815.000 2022 | yearly | 2015 - 2022 |
| Direct Investment Abroad: Industry: Mining, Quarrying, Oil & Chemicals (EUR mn) | 285.000 2022 | yearly | 2015 - 2022 |
| No of Enterprises (Unit) | 2,084,950.000 2023 | yearly | 2006 - 2023 |
| Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 1.6 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Sep 2024 |
| Household Debt: % of GDP (%) | 97.4 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 536,620.241 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1982 - Jan 2025 |
| Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 1,170,198.642 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Jan 2025 |
| M2 Growth (%) | 2.6 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1957 - Jan 2025 |
| Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 1.0 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Feb 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 6,864.0 Jan 2025 | monthly | Sep 1999 - Jan 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 0.605 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Sep 1999 - Dec 2024 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 0.1 Jan 2025 | monthly | Sep 1999 - Jan 2025 |
| Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 55,261.440 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1956 - Jan 2025 |
| Total Deposits (USD mn) | 1,242,137.522 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1990 - Jan 2025 |
| Total Deposits Growth (%) | 4.7 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1991 - Jan 2025 |
| Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 1,683,430.7 Dec 2024 | monthly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2024 |
| Domestic Credit Growth (%) | -1.7 Dec 2024 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Dec 2024 |
| Debt Service Ratio: Households (%) | 13.600 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Debt Service Ratio: Private Non-Financial Sector (%) | 26.800 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Credit to Households (USD bn) | 1,175.884 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1990 - Sep 2024 |
| Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector (USD bn) | 3,339.885 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1961 - Sep 2024 |
| Household Debt (USD mn) | 1,211,128.3 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Total Loans (USD mn) | 2,355,849.604 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1982 - Jan 2025 |
| Total Loans Growth (%) | 4.92 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1983 - Jan 2025 |
| Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 80.36 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Dec 2024 |
| Monetary Agg: NC: Stock: M1 (EUR mn) | 515,981.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1982 - Jan 2025 |
| Monetary Agg: NC: Stock: M2 (EUR mn) | 1,125,191.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1982 - Jan 2025 |
| Monetary Agg: NC: Stock: M3 excl Currency in Circulation (EUR mn) | 1,082,081.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1982 - Jan 2025 |
| Official Reserve Assets: Foreign Currency Reserves (FC) (EUR mn) | 5,625.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Sep 1999 - Jan 2025 |
| Official Reserve Assets (EUR mn) | 79,737.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Sep 1999 - Jan 2025 |
| Business and Economic Survey | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business Confidence Growth (% Point) | 3.0 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 1986 - Feb 2025 |
| Producer Confidence Indicator: sa (%) | -1.200 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 1985 - Feb 2025 |
More Indicators for Netherlands
Request a demo of CEIC
CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.
Please note, product demos are not available for students. Please click here to find out more about the version of CEIC available for student users.