Democracy, the rule of law and respect of fundamental rights are among the founding values of the European Union. These values are common to the Member States, underpinning a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality prevail. Citizens can freely express their views and form their own opinions. They can participate in democratic life, choose their political representatives, and have a say in their future, in a public space where different views can be expressed and diversity is acceptedForeign information manipulation and interference is a serious threat to this. It can undermine democratic institutions and processes by preventing people from making informed decisions or discouraging them from voting. It can polarise society by pitting communities against each other.New technologies have made it possible for hostile actors to operate and spread disinformation at a scale and with a speed never seen before.Therefore, tackling foreign information manipulation and interference, and enhancing societal resilience against these threats, are pressing issues for the European Union and its Member States. 82% of Europeans agree that the existence of news or information that misrepresents reality, or is even false, is a problem for democracy77% of Europeans agree that existence of news or information that misrepresents reality, or is even false, is a problem in their country Source: Standard Eurobarometer 102 - Autumn 2024 In focus How to protect yourselfThreat actors use a variety of techniques to deceive and manipulate people online. This can range from clones of legitimate websites to cleverly manipulated audio or videos designed to appeal to our emotions and cloud our judgment.6 tips to spot and stop information manipulation How is the European Commission responding? The Commission is strengthening its strategic communication in response to foreign information manipulation and interference targeting EU policies. As part of a comprehensive response, it is also important to guarantee media freedom and pluralism and ensure that citizens have access to quality news and information they can trust.The Commission's response to this challenge is centred around:Developing policies to strengthen European democracies, making it more difficult for threat actors to misuse online platforms, and protecting journalists and media pluralismBuilding up situational awareness through monitoring, detection and analysis of open-source informationCountering foreign information manipulation and interference through awareness-raising projects, advanced technological solutions, and improved coordinationEnhancing societal resilience through digital and media literacyCooperating with institutions, national authorities, fact-checkers, civil society organisations, media, academia and other organisations Main fields of action Increasing the resilience of our democraciesPromoting free and fair elections, protecting public debate and countering foreign information manipulation and interference through the Democracy Action Plan and Defence of Democracy PackageStrengthening online platforms' responsibilityEnsuring that platforms take responsibility in countering foreign information manipulation and interference, thanks to the Digital Services Act, the Code of Conduct on Disinformation, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, and the Regulation on the transparency and targeting of political advertisingProtecting journalists and media pluralismUpholding media pluralism and independence in the EU through the Media Freedom Act and legislation that protects journalists from strategic lawsuits against public participation (anti-SLAPPs)Countering foreign information manipulation and interference and cyberattacksExposing foreign interference tactics, countering external state or non-state actors’ systemic information manipulation and ensuring preparedness in case of cyberattacksBuilding societal resilienceEnabling citizens to navigate the modern news environment, raising awareness about foreign information manipulation and interference tactics, providing guidance to counter this threat through educationCooperating with fact-checkers, civil society, media and academiaSupporting projects that contribute to the whole-of-society effort to counter foreign information manipulation and interference, and enhance media freedom and pluralism News 25 July 2025Digital Europe Programme: call for experts15 July 2025Executive Vice-president Virkkunen visits Moldova to discuss cybersecurity and cooperation on digital policy15 July 2025New European Digital Media Observatory hub fights disinformation in Ukraine and Moldova14 July 2025EU and Moldova enhance digital cooperation for better resilience in strategic areasSee all Providing trustworthy information Accurate and reliable information is vital in the action against foreign information manipulation and interference. To help citizens distinguish fact from fiction and build their own opinion, see below a selection of resources on frequently targeted topics. 10 answers on EU emergency assistanceDis- and misinformation can severely compromise humanitarian aid and civil protection actions for disaster responseInformation about the EU-Mercosur partnership agreementFind out more about how the agreement will benefit European citizens and companies, including by boosting trade, upholding EU standards, and protecting over 350 EU products, while committing to sustainability5 facts about electric carsAddressing some common myths about the EU’s zero emissions cars policyDiscover more of these resources Timeline of EU actions February 2025The Commission and the European Board for Digital Services endorse the official integration of the voluntary Code of Practice on Disinformation into the framework of the Digital Services Act, making the Code a Code of Conduct for platforms' compliance with the DSAJanuary 2025The revised Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online + is integrated into the Digital Services ActAugust 2024The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act enters into forceMay 2024The European Media Freedom Act and new rules against abusive lawsuits against public participation (anti-SLAPPs) enter into forceApril 2024The Regulation on the transparency and targeting of political advertising enters into forceMarch 2024The Commission publishes guidelines under the Digital Services Act for Very Large Online Platforms and Search Engines to mitigate risks online that may impact the integrity of elections, with specific guidance for the European Parliament elections in June 2024March 2024A new Cybersecurity compendium on how to protect integrity of elections is publishedDecember 2023The Commission adopts the Defence of Democracy Package ahead of the 2024 European electionsOctober 2023The Commission publishes a call for proposals to support EU fact-checkers in identifying and debunking disinformationOctober 2022The Commission publishes guidelines for teachers and educators in primary and secondary schools on how to address disinformation and promote digital literacy in their classroomsSeptember 2022The Commission presents a proposal for the European Media Freedom ActJune 2022A strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation is signed by major online platforms, emerging and specialised platforms, players in the advertising industry, fact-checkers, research and civil society organisationsNovember 2021The Commission presents a proposal for new laws on transparency and targeting of political advertisingDecember 2020The Commission presents a proposal for the Digital Services ActDecember 2020The Commission establishes its European Democracy Action PlanJune 2020The European Digital Media Observatory is launchedMarch 2019The European External Action Service (EEAS) launches its Rapid Alert SystemDecember 2018The Commission and the High Representative establish an Action plan against disinformation September 2018The first Code of Practice against Disinformation is establishedSeptember 2018The Commission publishes a Communication on securing free and fair European elections April 2018The Commission publishes a Communication on tackling online disinformationApril 2016A Joint Framework on countering hybrid threats is adopted to counter hostile actions designed to destabilise a region or a stateShow 19 more itemsJanuary 2015Launch of the EEAS East StratCom Task Force to address Russian disinformation campaigns Documents 11 JUNE 2024Tackling disinformation and information manipulation – Factsheet Related links Commission resources DG CNECT – Tackling online disinformationDG CNECT – Media literacyDG CLIMA – Climate disinformationDG JUST – Democracy and electoral rightsDG JUST – European cooperation network on elections External resources European ParliamentEuropean External Action ServiceEuropean Digital Media Observatory European Fact-Checking Standards NetworkOECD DIS/MIS Resource Hub
How to protect yourselfThreat actors use a variety of techniques to deceive and manipulate people online. This can range from clones of legitimate websites to cleverly manipulated audio or videos designed to appeal to our emotions and cloud our judgment.6 tips to spot and stop information manipulation
Increasing the resilience of our democraciesPromoting free and fair elections, protecting public debate and countering foreign information manipulation and interference through the Democracy Action Plan and Defence of Democracy Package
Strengthening online platforms' responsibilityEnsuring that platforms take responsibility in countering foreign information manipulation and interference, thanks to the Digital Services Act, the Code of Conduct on Disinformation, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, and the Regulation on the transparency and targeting of political advertising
Protecting journalists and media pluralismUpholding media pluralism and independence in the EU through the Media Freedom Act and legislation that protects journalists from strategic lawsuits against public participation (anti-SLAPPs)
Countering foreign information manipulation and interference and cyberattacksExposing foreign interference tactics, countering external state or non-state actors’ systemic information manipulation and ensuring preparedness in case of cyberattacks
Building societal resilienceEnabling citizens to navigate the modern news environment, raising awareness about foreign information manipulation and interference tactics, providing guidance to counter this threat through education
Cooperating with fact-checkers, civil society, media and academiaSupporting projects that contribute to the whole-of-society effort to counter foreign information manipulation and interference, and enhance media freedom and pluralism
15 July 2025Executive Vice-president Virkkunen visits Moldova to discuss cybersecurity and cooperation on digital policy
10 answers on EU emergency assistanceDis- and misinformation can severely compromise humanitarian aid and civil protection actions for disaster response
Information about the EU-Mercosur partnership agreementFind out more about how the agreement will benefit European citizens and companies, including by boosting trade, upholding EU standards, and protecting over 350 EU products, while committing to sustainability