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Unveiling the Indian Ocean forcing on winter eastern warming – western cooling pattern over North America

Author

Listed:
  • Yurong Hou

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Shang-Ping Xie

    (University of California San Diego)

  • Nathaniel C. Johnson

    (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

  • Chunzai Wang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Changhyun Yoo

    (Ewha Womans University)

  • Kaiqiang Deng

    (Sun Yat-sen University)

  • Weijun Sun

    (Shandong Normal University)

  • Xichen Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract
While the tropical Pacific teleconnection to North America has been studied extensively, the impact of the Indian Ocean on North American climate has received less attention. Here, through observational analysis and hierarchy atmospheric model simulations with different complexity, we find that the Indian Ocean plays a crucial role in North American winter climate through a teleconnection termed the Indian Ocean - North America pattern. We show that in the warm Indian Ocean phase, this teleconnection contributes to anomalously cold winters along the west coast of the United States through advection with increased mountain snowfall, while simultaneously leading to warmer conditions over the Great Lakes region. Snow-albedo feedback amplifies these Rossby wave-induced surface anomalies. Remarkably, this teleconnection pattern is at work on both interannual and multi-decadal time scales, with its climatic impact being slightly less pronounced than that induced by tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. Our findings underscore the significance of the Indian Ocean in both the prediction and future projection of North American climate.

Suggested Citation

  • Yurong Hou & Shang-Ping Xie & Nathaniel C. Johnson & Chunzai Wang & Changhyun Yoo & Kaiqiang Deng & Weijun Sun & Xichen Li, 2024. "Unveiling the Indian Ocean forcing on winter eastern warming – western cooling pattern over North America," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-53921-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53921-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xichen Li & Shang-Ping Xie & Sarah T. Gille & Changhyun Yoo, 2016. "Atlantic-induced pan-tropical climate change over the past three decades," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(3), pages 275-279, March.
    2. Xichen Li & David M. Holland & Edwin P. Gerber & Changhyun Yoo, 2014. "Impacts of the north and tropical Atlantic Ocean on the Antarctic Peninsula and sea ice," Nature, Nature, vol. 505(7484), pages 538-542, January.
    3. Gerald A. Meehl & Aixue Hu & Benjamin D. Santer & Shang-Ping Xie, 2016. "Contribution of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation to twentieth-century global surface temperature trends," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(11), pages 1005-1008, November.
    4. Yu Kosaka & Shang-Ping Xie, 2013. "Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling," Nature, Nature, vol. 501(7467), pages 403-407, September.
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