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Wanida Jinsart

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Papers by Wanida Jinsart

Air pollution in Delhi, India: It’s status and association with respiratory diseases

PLOS ONE, Sep 20, 2022

The policymakers need research studies indicating the role of different pollutants with morbidity... more The policymakers need research studies indicating the role of different pollutants with morbidity for polluted cities to install a strategic air quality management system. This study critically assessed the air pollution of Delhi for 2016-18 to found out the role of air pollutants in respiratory morbidity under the ICD-10, J00-J99. The critical assessment of Delhi air pollution was done using various approaches. The mean PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations during the measurement period exceeded both national and international standards by a wide margin. Time series charts indicated the interdependence of PM 2.5 and PM 10 and connection with hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Violin plots showed that daily respiratory disease hospital visits increased during the winter and autumn seasons. The winter season was the worst from the city's air pollution point of view, as revealed by frequency analyses. The single and multi-pollutant GAM models indicated that short-term exposure to PM 10 and SO 2 led to increased hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Per 10 units increase in concentrations of PM 10 brought the highest increase in hospital visits of 0.21% (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.002) at lag0-6 days. This study found the robust effect of SO 2 persisted in Delhi from lag0 to lag4 days and lag01 to lag06 days for single and cumulative lag day effects, respectively. While every 10 μg m -3 increase of SO 2 concentrations on the same day (lag0) led to 32.59% (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.61) rise of hospital visits, the cumulative concentration of lag0-1 led to 37.21% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI:1.11, 1.70) rise in hospital visits which further increased to even 83.33% (RR: 1.83, 95% CI:1.35, 2.49) rise at a lag0-6 cumulative concentration in Delhi. The role of SO 2 in inducing respiratory diseases is worrying as India is now the largest anthropogenic SO 2 emitter in the world.

Inhibition of Wheat Embryo Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase and Avian Myosin Light Chain Kinase by Flavonoids and Related Compounds

Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler, 1991

Avian myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of plant-derived flavonoids. Maxim... more Avian myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of plant-derived flavonoids. Maximal inhibition requires 2,3-imsaturation and polyhydroxylation of two of the three flavonoid rings. Phosphorylation of a synthetic myosin light chain-related peptide by wheat embryo Ca 2@ -dependent protein kinase (CDPK) is also inhibited by a range of flavonoids but phosphorylation of histone preparation III-S by wheat CDPK is not inhibited by flavonoids.The structural requirements for inhibition of wheat CDPK by flavonoids are more stringent than for inhibition of avian MLCK. Potent flavonoid inhibitors of wheat CDPK are unsaturated in 2,3 position, have hydroxyl groups in positions 3' and 4' and an additional hydroxyl in the chromone ring. Flavonoid glycosylation or methylation can abolish inhibition. A number of other naturally occurring plant phenolics including chalcones and gossypol also inhibit avian MLCK and wheat CDPK. Gossypol binds to calmodulin, abolishing Ca 2@ -dependent enhancement of dansyl-calmodulin fluorescence. Zusammenfassung: Myosin-Leichtketten-Kinase aus Vögeln (MLCK) wird durch eine Reihe pflanzlicher Flavonoide gehemmt. Für maximale Hemmung ist eine Doppelbindung in 2,3-Stellung und Mehrfachhydroxylierung von zwei der drei Flavonoid-Ringe nötig. Die Phosphorylierung eines synthetischen, mit der leichten Myosinkette verwandten Peptids durch die Ca 2@ -abhängige Protein-Kinase aus Weizenkeimen wurde ebenfalls durch eine Reihe von Flavo-noiden gehemmt, nicht aber die Phosphorylierung der Histon-Präparation III-S. Die strukturellen Erfordernisse für eine Hemmung der Weizen-CDPK durch Flavonoide sind strikter als für eine Hemmung der Vogel-MLCK. Starke Flavonoid-Inhibitoren der CDPK aus Weizen sind in Position 2,3 ungesättigt und tragen Hydroxylgruppen in Position 3' und 4' sowie eine weitere Hydroxylgruppe im Chromon-Ring. Enzyme: Protein kinase or ATP: protein phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.37).

Application of the CALINE4 air quality model and the TSI DustTrak for the prediction and measurement of roadside particulate matter and carbon monoxide levels in Bangkok

The CALINE4 air quality model, an air pollution management tool, was applied to calculate the imm... more The CALINE4 air quality model, an air pollution management tool, was applied to calculate the immediate roadway contribution of air particulate matter <10µm (PM10) and carbon monoxide. Two busy roadside locations in Bangkok, Thailand, namely Ladphrao and Dindaeng, were selected for this study as they were adjacent to Thai Pollution Control Department (PCD) monitoring sites. Hourly ambient PM10 were measured using a portable TSI DustTrak monitor. The measurements were conducted across the period July 2001 to January 2002. The PCD monitoring data from Beta-Ray absorption and for carbon monoxide from non-dispersive infrared absorption were used as reference. Local emission factors from PCD were selected as input factor into the model. The model after trailing with gaseous carbon monoxide was adapted for particulate matter. The major factors that affected to model calculation of road contribution were wind direction, vehicle volume, height of receptor and composite emission factor. Minor factors were wind speed, temperature, distance of receptor and ambient pollutant concentration. The factors that appear to have little impact on model prediction are atmospheric stability class and mixing height. Comparison between DustTrak monitor and Beta-ray absorption show parallel trend with each other but more quality assurance works need to be done. Mode simulation indicates the usefulness of model as environmental assessment tool for downwind situation.

Lung Function Testing of School Children Living near Industrial Areas in Rayong, Thailand

Lung functions of children exposed to air pollutions around industrial areas in Rayong Thailand w... more Lung functions of children exposed to air pollutions around industrial areas in Rayong Thailand were tested. 806 elementary students aged 9-12 years performed Spirometric measurements during February-August 2013. Eight volunteer schools were selected based on the distance between schools and Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate (MTPIE). The study sites were divided into 3 groups: A -4 schools located within 1 kilometer from MTPIE, B -2 schools located in 1-5 kilometers from MTPIE and C -2 schools at 5-10 kilometers from MTPIE. The lung function impairments of subjects in group A, B and C were statistically analyzed by Binary Logistic Regression. According to the study, the low lung functions were found in group A with the distance near industrial sites, odds ratios (OR) = 1.66 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.06-2.62). Comparing the area B to that of C, the lung functions were found different but not significant, OR = 0.66, (95% CI = 0.34-1.29). Comparing the PM 10 level to the reference group, children exposed to particulate matter PM 10 < 37 μg/ m 3 , their lung function potentially reduced with OR = 1.77 (95% CI = 1.25-2.51). The impaired lung function in school children was associated with the level of air pollution and the distance from industrial sites.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the roadside air particulate matter in Bangkok and some vehicle source profiles

Characterization Of Urban And SuburbanAerosols: PM10-2.5 And PM2.5 In Bangkok

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Apr 26, 2005

Atmospheric PM 10-2.5 (coarse) and PM 2.5 (fine) samples were obtained, using a dichotomous air s... more Atmospheric PM 10-2.5 (coarse) and PM 2.5 (fine) samples were obtained, using a dichotomous air sampler, from three different sites in Bangkok: urban roadside (Din Daeng), urban residential area (Phaya Thai) and suburban (Phutamonthon, 56 kilometers west from the city). The particles were collected on Teflon membrane filters and quantified by the Gravimetric method. The particulate samples were characterized directly on the collecting substrate using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer to investigate size, morphology and compositions. The elements in PM 10-2.5 were dominated by iron, silica and calcium. In contrast, carbon and sulfur in PM 2.5 were higher than in the coarse fractions. To identify site and composition association, the trace elements (potassium, lead, zinc, copper and manganese) in PM 2.5 were analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The concentration of fine particulate matters and element compositions in the high density traffic site were found to be higher than those in the ambient area and the suburban site. The proportion of PM 2.5 to PM 10 is more than 60%. However the variation of element composition was not directly related to the loading of particulate level. It could depend on the source apportionment and type of pollution rather than the concentration of particulate matters.

An empirical analysis of Delhi's air quality throughout different COVID-19 pandemic waves

Journal of Applied and Natural Science

Delhi was one of India's COVID-19 hotspots, with significant death rates during the year 2021... more Delhi was one of India's COVID-19 hotspots, with significant death rates during the year 2021. This study looked at the link between COVID-19 cases in Delhi, and key meteorological variables. The study found that COVID-19 cases during the second wave (P2-March- May 2021) were much higher than during the first wave (P1-Jan-Feb 2021) in Delhi. During P1 (Jan-Feb 2021) the mean PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and CO concentrations were greater than that of P2 (March-May 2021) while the reverse happened for SO2 and O3. Spearman correlation test indicated that COVID-19 cases maintained a significant positive correlation with the high temperature of P2 (March-May 2021) and high humidity of P1 (Jan-Feb 2021) in line with the accepted notion that COVID-19 transmitted favourably in hot and humid climates. The Multilayer perceptron (MLP) model indicated that COVID-19 spread was supported by air pollutants and climate variables like PM2.5, NO2, RH, and WS in P1(Jan-Feb 2021) and PM2.5 and O3 in P2 (Mar...

Fine particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 at heavy traffic areas in Bangkok: Application of the air pollution model (TAPM)

Health risk analysis from volatile organic compounds and fine particulate matter in the printing industry

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Mar 10, 2022

The association between the printing activity and the pollutant exposure of the workers was inves... more The association between the printing activity and the pollutant exposure of the workers was investigated in five consecutive working days, during 8 h work shift per day. Exposure concentrations of the total volatile organic compound and fine particulate matter were measured in the four voluntary printing factories in Thailand. Two types of the printing process, offset and digital printing, were compared. The 8 h average of particulate matter 2.5 in the field blank, Offset A, Offset B, Offset C printing and Digital printing D was 7.46, 21.51, 44.26, 77.92, and 42.08 µgm −3 , respectively. The highest particulate matter level in the Offset printing C, 77.92 µgm −3 was due to the surrounded paper dust in the area. The 8 h average of total volatile organic compounds in field blank, Offset A, Offset B, Offset C printing and Digital printing D was 0.12, 2.68, 5.02, 21.86, and 0.67 ppm, respectively. The highest total volatile organic compound was 21.86 ppm in the Offset printing C because of the high production rate and the application of organic solvents in the cleanup process. Worker's exposure to total volatile organic compound and particulate matter 2.5 in the offset printings was higher than in the digital laser printing. From the health risk evaluation, the workers in offset printings were at risk from total volatile organic compound exposure, Hazard quotient > 1. However, workers exposed to particulate matter exposures were not at risk, Hazard quotient < 1. Editorial responsibility: Shahid Hussain.

Source Contribution of 1,3 Butadiene in the Vicinity of Petrochemical Industrial Area

Applied Environmental Research, 2021

Emissions and ambient concentrations of 1,3 butadiene released from the synthetic rubber industri... more Emissions and ambient concentrations of 1,3 butadiene released from the synthetic rubber industries in the largest petroleum and petrochemical complex in Thailand were evaluated in this study. The industrial emissions in this analysis were those emitted from process fugitive, combustion stack, flare, and wastewater treatment facility. It was found that wastewater treatment units were the largest emission source among other potential sources. The contribution of emission from wastewater treatment plants were about 92% of total 1,3 butadiene emission. The extent and magnitude of 1,3 butadiene in ambient air were further evaluated through the simulation of AERMOD dispersion model using these emission data together with local meteorological and topographical characteristics. Predicted annual 1,3 butadiene concentrations at every receptor were lower than its ambient air quality standard (< 0.33 μg m-3). Source apportionment analysis was performed with the objective to reveal the contr...

Source Contribution of 1,3 Butadiene in the Vicinity of Petrochemical Industrial Area

Applied Environmental Research, 2021

Emissions and ambient concentrations of 1,3 butadiene released from the synthetic rubber industri... more Emissions and ambient concentrations of 1,3 butadiene released from the synthetic rubber industries in the largest petroleum and petrochemical complex in Thailand were evaluated in this study. The industrial emissions in this analysis were those emitted from process fugitive, combustion stack, flare, and wastewater treatment facility. It was found that wastewater treatment units were the largest emission source among other potential sources. The contribution of emission from wastewater treatment plants were about 92% of total 1,3 butadiene emission. The extent and magnitude of 1,3 butadiene in ambient air were further evaluated through the simulation of AERMOD dispersion model using these emission data together with local meteorological and topographical characteristics. Predicted annual 1,3 butadiene concentrations at every receptor were lower than its ambient air quality standard (< 0.33 μg m-3). Source apportionment analysis was performed with the objective to reveal the contr...

Health Risk Assessment of Passive Air Sampler-derived Polychlorinated biphenyl and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bangkok and Chiang Mai, Thailand

2020 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE), 2020

Atmospheric pollutants have become a severe problem in creating health issues in Thailand. Due to... more Atmospheric pollutants have become a severe problem in creating health issues in Thailand. Due to the increase in fine particles in the air environment, the city population is facing acute respiratory problems. For understanding the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), sampling was done in Chiangmai and Bangkok of Thailand using Polyurethane (PUF) disk passive samplers. There were five sampling sites in Bangkok, and three in Chiang Mai. Data were collected in the dry season, i.e. from December 2018- June 2019. A total of 24 samples were extracted and further quantitatively analyzed by the standard method using GC-MS. Both PAHs and PCBs concentrations increased during the dry season. At Chiang Mai, max. PAHs were found to be 848 ng/m3, which was higher than that of Bangkok, max. PAHs concentration was found to be 455 ng/m3. On the other hand, the max PCBs found in Bangkok were 15 pg/m3 were higher than that in Chiang Mai (max. ...

Risks to health from ambient particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) to the residents of Guwahati city, India: An analysis of prediction model

The smaller cities in India are facing acute problems due to air pollution but remain unaccounted... more The smaller cities in India are facing acute problems due to air pollution but remain unaccounted due to lack of effort in highlighting them through studies. Ambient pollution data and climate data of one tier 2 Indian city, Guwahati, were collected for three years, i.e., 2016–2018 and analyzed. It showed that the winter season was very harsh from the air pollution point of view as almost 99% of the time the ambient PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations were recorded to be more than 100 µg m <sup>− 3</sup>. Based on a derived and validated MLR equation, the PM<sub>2.5</sub> level for the non-monitored areas of the city was predicted. The non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> was done with the help of hazard quotients (HQs) of the city and presented as a GIS-based map. During the winter, the city faced acute health risks because the computed HQ values were found to be more than '1' in most of the areas of the city...

Health Risk Assessment of Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide Exposure from a New Developing Coal Power Plant in Thailand

Determination of Organophosphate Pesticides in Vegetable Farm Drained Water Using Solid Phase Extraction Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Organophosphorus pesticides in water from four vegetable farms in Patumtanee Province were analyz... more Organophosphorus pesticides in water from four vegetable farms in Patumtanee Province were analyzed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). SPE experiments were performed under conditions of an ODS phase, a sorbent mass of 100 mg, solution volume of 100 ml, elution solvent of 60/40 acetonitrile/water, elution volume of 5 ml and pressure of 17 in. Hg. Extraction method recovery was confirmed by spiking standard pesticides at 1 ppm. Quantification by an external standard method implied a 90 % average recovery of standard profenofos. Profenofos was detected in 27 water samples from three vegetable farms. The detected concentration range was 0.11 to 1.11 ppm with a mean of 0.44 ± 0.07 ppm. The

Air Pollution in Indian Cities and Comparison of MLR, ANN and CART Models for Predicting PM10 Concentrations in Guwahati, India

Asian journal of atmospheric environment, 2021

Among the pollutants released by thermal power plants, SO 2 and NO x are the key ingredients. The... more Among the pollutants released by thermal power plants, SO 2 and NO x are the key ingredients. These particles also contribute to the toxic particle haze covering north India. 9,10,11 If the country's air pollution crisis is to be addressed effectively, tackling the runaway increase in these emissions (SO 2 and NO x) is of key importance. Boys et al., 2014 12 found that PM 2.5 increase in South Asia from 1999-2012 were largely explained by the increase in inorganic secondary particles, which are dominantly formed from SO 2 and NO x in the atmosphere. Investigating further Lu et al., 2013 13 found that coal-based thermal power plant clusters were responsible for more than 75% of total SO 2 emissions in all 23 Indian states they analysed, and for more than 90% in 16 Indian states.

Effects of air pollution related respiratory symptoms in school children in industrial areas Rayong, Thailand

EnvironmentAsia, 2016

The chronic effects of air pollution in school children living near industrial sites were investi... more The chronic effects of air pollution in school children living near industrial sites were investigated. There spiratory symptoms of 806 school children aged 9-12 years were examined by the American Thoracic Society’s Division of Lung Diseases (ATS-DLD-78-C) questionnaire during February-August 2013. The selected elementary schools in this survey was based on the distance from Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate, area A within 1 km., area B 5 km. and area C 10 km. Logistic regression techniques were used to assess the association between prevalence of respiratory symptoms and independent variables. The average 24 hrs PM10 and VOCs concentrations from 2011-2014 in area A were significantly higher than in area C (p<0.05). Relatively, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in area A were high with odds ratios (OR) = 3.41, (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.70-6.85) and in area B with OR = 1.36, (95% CI = 0.54-3.45), in comparison to area C. The prevalent of non-specific respiratory disease...

BTEX levels, contributing sources and impacts in and around a petrochemical complex in Thailand

Ambient Air Levels and Sources of BTEX at a Petrochemical Complex in Thailand

Concern for health hazards from volatile organic compounds from the Map Ta Phut Petrochemical Est... more Concern for health hazards from volatile organic compounds from the Map Ta Phut Petrochemical Estate has resulted in a study of the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) species in the ambient air surrounding and within the industrial complex. Ambient air samples have been collected at numerous locations during the dry (22-28 February), the semi-wet (29 April-5 May) and the wet season (19-25 June) in 2002. Collection was via personal pumps onto charcoal adsorbent tubes. The samples were extracted and analysed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). The data have been analysed statistically and comparisons made between levels from upwind, downwind and within the complex. For daytime concentrations, the median and maximum at two upwind monitoring sites were respectively 3.9 and 17.7 µg/m 3 for benzene, and 2.1 and 8.6 µg/m 3 for toluene. These data can be compared with two downwind monitoring sites where the results were 5...

Assessing short-term effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory diseases in Guwahati, India with the application of the generalized additive model

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2021

Abstract Research studies connecting air pollution and its effect on health are much needed by th... more Abstract Research studies connecting air pollution and its effect on health are much needed by the policymakers in India. Generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to quantify the effect of air pollutants on hospital visits related to respiratory diseases for an Indian city, Guwahati. A total of 6335 patients visited the only medical college and hospital in the city for respiratory diseases during 2016-2018. The multi-pollutant GAM models indicate the existence of synergistic effects of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) on hospital visits of the patients due to respiratory diseases. The ambient PM2.5 concentrations have a strong link with hospital visits in all 6 single lag days. However, the effect of CO on hospital visits due to respiratory diseases was more robust. The percent change of hospital visits associated with each 1 unit increase in CO concentrations at lag 1 day was 15.7% (RR = 1.157; 95% CI 0.929, 1.442), which was enhanced to as high as 40.8% (RR = 1.408; 1.130,1.755) at lag3. The rise of each 10 units of concentrations of PM2.5 and 1 unit of CO at cumulative lag0-6 day was associated with the percentage change in hospital visits of 6.67% and 62.36% respectively. Single-pollutant GAM models indicate that the risk percentage of PM2.5 causing respiratory disease increased in combination with other pollutants.

Air pollution in Delhi, India: It’s status and association with respiratory diseases

PLOS ONE, Sep 20, 2022

The policymakers need research studies indicating the role of different pollutants with morbidity... more The policymakers need research studies indicating the role of different pollutants with morbidity for polluted cities to install a strategic air quality management system. This study critically assessed the air pollution of Delhi for 2016-18 to found out the role of air pollutants in respiratory morbidity under the ICD-10, J00-J99. The critical assessment of Delhi air pollution was done using various approaches. The mean PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations during the measurement period exceeded both national and international standards by a wide margin. Time series charts indicated the interdependence of PM 2.5 and PM 10 and connection with hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Violin plots showed that daily respiratory disease hospital visits increased during the winter and autumn seasons. The winter season was the worst from the city's air pollution point of view, as revealed by frequency analyses. The single and multi-pollutant GAM models indicated that short-term exposure to PM 10 and SO 2 led to increased hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Per 10 units increase in concentrations of PM 10 brought the highest increase in hospital visits of 0.21% (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.002) at lag0-6 days. This study found the robust effect of SO 2 persisted in Delhi from lag0 to lag4 days and lag01 to lag06 days for single and cumulative lag day effects, respectively. While every 10 μg m -3 increase of SO 2 concentrations on the same day (lag0) led to 32.59% (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.61) rise of hospital visits, the cumulative concentration of lag0-1 led to 37.21% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI:1.11, 1.70) rise in hospital visits which further increased to even 83.33% (RR: 1.83, 95% CI:1.35, 2.49) rise at a lag0-6 cumulative concentration in Delhi. The role of SO 2 in inducing respiratory diseases is worrying as India is now the largest anthropogenic SO 2 emitter in the world.

Inhibition of Wheat Embryo Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase and Avian Myosin Light Chain Kinase by Flavonoids and Related Compounds

Biological chemistry Hoppe-Seyler, 1991

Avian myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of plant-derived flavonoids. Maxim... more Avian myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of plant-derived flavonoids. Maximal inhibition requires 2,3-imsaturation and polyhydroxylation of two of the three flavonoid rings. Phosphorylation of a synthetic myosin light chain-related peptide by wheat embryo Ca 2@ -dependent protein kinase (CDPK) is also inhibited by a range of flavonoids but phosphorylation of histone preparation III-S by wheat CDPK is not inhibited by flavonoids.The structural requirements for inhibition of wheat CDPK by flavonoids are more stringent than for inhibition of avian MLCK. Potent flavonoid inhibitors of wheat CDPK are unsaturated in 2,3 position, have hydroxyl groups in positions 3' and 4' and an additional hydroxyl in the chromone ring. Flavonoid glycosylation or methylation can abolish inhibition. A number of other naturally occurring plant phenolics including chalcones and gossypol also inhibit avian MLCK and wheat CDPK. Gossypol binds to calmodulin, abolishing Ca 2@ -dependent enhancement of dansyl-calmodulin fluorescence. Zusammenfassung: Myosin-Leichtketten-Kinase aus Vögeln (MLCK) wird durch eine Reihe pflanzlicher Flavonoide gehemmt. Für maximale Hemmung ist eine Doppelbindung in 2,3-Stellung und Mehrfachhydroxylierung von zwei der drei Flavonoid-Ringe nötig. Die Phosphorylierung eines synthetischen, mit der leichten Myosinkette verwandten Peptids durch die Ca 2@ -abhängige Protein-Kinase aus Weizenkeimen wurde ebenfalls durch eine Reihe von Flavo-noiden gehemmt, nicht aber die Phosphorylierung der Histon-Präparation III-S. Die strukturellen Erfordernisse für eine Hemmung der Weizen-CDPK durch Flavonoide sind strikter als für eine Hemmung der Vogel-MLCK. Starke Flavonoid-Inhibitoren der CDPK aus Weizen sind in Position 2,3 ungesättigt und tragen Hydroxylgruppen in Position 3' und 4' sowie eine weitere Hydroxylgruppe im Chromon-Ring. Enzyme: Protein kinase or ATP: protein phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.37).

Application of the CALINE4 air quality model and the TSI DustTrak for the prediction and measurement of roadside particulate matter and carbon monoxide levels in Bangkok

The CALINE4 air quality model, an air pollution management tool, was applied to calculate the imm... more The CALINE4 air quality model, an air pollution management tool, was applied to calculate the immediate roadway contribution of air particulate matter <10µm (PM10) and carbon monoxide. Two busy roadside locations in Bangkok, Thailand, namely Ladphrao and Dindaeng, were selected for this study as they were adjacent to Thai Pollution Control Department (PCD) monitoring sites. Hourly ambient PM10 were measured using a portable TSI DustTrak monitor. The measurements were conducted across the period July 2001 to January 2002. The PCD monitoring data from Beta-Ray absorption and for carbon monoxide from non-dispersive infrared absorption were used as reference. Local emission factors from PCD were selected as input factor into the model. The model after trailing with gaseous carbon monoxide was adapted for particulate matter. The major factors that affected to model calculation of road contribution were wind direction, vehicle volume, height of receptor and composite emission factor. Minor factors were wind speed, temperature, distance of receptor and ambient pollutant concentration. The factors that appear to have little impact on model prediction are atmospheric stability class and mixing height. Comparison between DustTrak monitor and Beta-ray absorption show parallel trend with each other but more quality assurance works need to be done. Mode simulation indicates the usefulness of model as environmental assessment tool for downwind situation.

Lung Function Testing of School Children Living near Industrial Areas in Rayong, Thailand

Lung functions of children exposed to air pollutions around industrial areas in Rayong Thailand w... more Lung functions of children exposed to air pollutions around industrial areas in Rayong Thailand were tested. 806 elementary students aged 9-12 years performed Spirometric measurements during February-August 2013. Eight volunteer schools were selected based on the distance between schools and Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate (MTPIE). The study sites were divided into 3 groups: A -4 schools located within 1 kilometer from MTPIE, B -2 schools located in 1-5 kilometers from MTPIE and C -2 schools at 5-10 kilometers from MTPIE. The lung function impairments of subjects in group A, B and C were statistically analyzed by Binary Logistic Regression. According to the study, the low lung functions were found in group A with the distance near industrial sites, odds ratios (OR) = 1.66 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.06-2.62). Comparing the area B to that of C, the lung functions were found different but not significant, OR = 0.66, (95% CI = 0.34-1.29). Comparing the PM 10 level to the reference group, children exposed to particulate matter PM 10 < 37 μg/ m 3 , their lung function potentially reduced with OR = 1.77 (95% CI = 1.25-2.51). The impaired lung function in school children was associated with the level of air pollution and the distance from industrial sites.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the roadside air particulate matter in Bangkok and some vehicle source profiles

Characterization Of Urban And SuburbanAerosols: PM10-2.5 And PM2.5 In Bangkok

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Apr 26, 2005

Atmospheric PM 10-2.5 (coarse) and PM 2.5 (fine) samples were obtained, using a dichotomous air s... more Atmospheric PM 10-2.5 (coarse) and PM 2.5 (fine) samples were obtained, using a dichotomous air sampler, from three different sites in Bangkok: urban roadside (Din Daeng), urban residential area (Phaya Thai) and suburban (Phutamonthon, 56 kilometers west from the city). The particles were collected on Teflon membrane filters and quantified by the Gravimetric method. The particulate samples were characterized directly on the collecting substrate using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer to investigate size, morphology and compositions. The elements in PM 10-2.5 were dominated by iron, silica and calcium. In contrast, carbon and sulfur in PM 2.5 were higher than in the coarse fractions. To identify site and composition association, the trace elements (potassium, lead, zinc, copper and manganese) in PM 2.5 were analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The concentration of fine particulate matters and element compositions in the high density traffic site were found to be higher than those in the ambient area and the suburban site. The proportion of PM 2.5 to PM 10 is more than 60%. However the variation of element composition was not directly related to the loading of particulate level. It could depend on the source apportionment and type of pollution rather than the concentration of particulate matters.

An empirical analysis of Delhi's air quality throughout different COVID-19 pandemic waves

Journal of Applied and Natural Science

Delhi was one of India's COVID-19 hotspots, with significant death rates during the year 2021... more Delhi was one of India's COVID-19 hotspots, with significant death rates during the year 2021. This study looked at the link between COVID-19 cases in Delhi, and key meteorological variables. The study found that COVID-19 cases during the second wave (P2-March- May 2021) were much higher than during the first wave (P1-Jan-Feb 2021) in Delhi. During P1 (Jan-Feb 2021) the mean PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and CO concentrations were greater than that of P2 (March-May 2021) while the reverse happened for SO2 and O3. Spearman correlation test indicated that COVID-19 cases maintained a significant positive correlation with the high temperature of P2 (March-May 2021) and high humidity of P1 (Jan-Feb 2021) in line with the accepted notion that COVID-19 transmitted favourably in hot and humid climates. The Multilayer perceptron (MLP) model indicated that COVID-19 spread was supported by air pollutants and climate variables like PM2.5, NO2, RH, and WS in P1(Jan-Feb 2021) and PM2.5 and O3 in P2 (Mar...

Fine particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 at heavy traffic areas in Bangkok: Application of the air pollution model (TAPM)

Health risk analysis from volatile organic compounds and fine particulate matter in the printing industry

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Mar 10, 2022

The association between the printing activity and the pollutant exposure of the workers was inves... more The association between the printing activity and the pollutant exposure of the workers was investigated in five consecutive working days, during 8 h work shift per day. Exposure concentrations of the total volatile organic compound and fine particulate matter were measured in the four voluntary printing factories in Thailand. Two types of the printing process, offset and digital printing, were compared. The 8 h average of particulate matter 2.5 in the field blank, Offset A, Offset B, Offset C printing and Digital printing D was 7.46, 21.51, 44.26, 77.92, and 42.08 µgm −3 , respectively. The highest particulate matter level in the Offset printing C, 77.92 µgm −3 was due to the surrounded paper dust in the area. The 8 h average of total volatile organic compounds in field blank, Offset A, Offset B, Offset C printing and Digital printing D was 0.12, 2.68, 5.02, 21.86, and 0.67 ppm, respectively. The highest total volatile organic compound was 21.86 ppm in the Offset printing C because of the high production rate and the application of organic solvents in the cleanup process. Worker's exposure to total volatile organic compound and particulate matter 2.5 in the offset printings was higher than in the digital laser printing. From the health risk evaluation, the workers in offset printings were at risk from total volatile organic compound exposure, Hazard quotient > 1. However, workers exposed to particulate matter exposures were not at risk, Hazard quotient < 1. Editorial responsibility: Shahid Hussain.

Source Contribution of 1,3 Butadiene in the Vicinity of Petrochemical Industrial Area

Applied Environmental Research, 2021

Emissions and ambient concentrations of 1,3 butadiene released from the synthetic rubber industri... more Emissions and ambient concentrations of 1,3 butadiene released from the synthetic rubber industries in the largest petroleum and petrochemical complex in Thailand were evaluated in this study. The industrial emissions in this analysis were those emitted from process fugitive, combustion stack, flare, and wastewater treatment facility. It was found that wastewater treatment units were the largest emission source among other potential sources. The contribution of emission from wastewater treatment plants were about 92% of total 1,3 butadiene emission. The extent and magnitude of 1,3 butadiene in ambient air were further evaluated through the simulation of AERMOD dispersion model using these emission data together with local meteorological and topographical characteristics. Predicted annual 1,3 butadiene concentrations at every receptor were lower than its ambient air quality standard (< 0.33 μg m-3). Source apportionment analysis was performed with the objective to reveal the contr...

Source Contribution of 1,3 Butadiene in the Vicinity of Petrochemical Industrial Area

Applied Environmental Research, 2021

Emissions and ambient concentrations of 1,3 butadiene released from the synthetic rubber industri... more Emissions and ambient concentrations of 1,3 butadiene released from the synthetic rubber industries in the largest petroleum and petrochemical complex in Thailand were evaluated in this study. The industrial emissions in this analysis were those emitted from process fugitive, combustion stack, flare, and wastewater treatment facility. It was found that wastewater treatment units were the largest emission source among other potential sources. The contribution of emission from wastewater treatment plants were about 92% of total 1,3 butadiene emission. The extent and magnitude of 1,3 butadiene in ambient air were further evaluated through the simulation of AERMOD dispersion model using these emission data together with local meteorological and topographical characteristics. Predicted annual 1,3 butadiene concentrations at every receptor were lower than its ambient air quality standard (< 0.33 μg m-3). Source apportionment analysis was performed with the objective to reveal the contr...

Health Risk Assessment of Passive Air Sampler-derived Polychlorinated biphenyl and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bangkok and Chiang Mai, Thailand

2020 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE), 2020

Atmospheric pollutants have become a severe problem in creating health issues in Thailand. Due to... more Atmospheric pollutants have become a severe problem in creating health issues in Thailand. Due to the increase in fine particles in the air environment, the city population is facing acute respiratory problems. For understanding the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), sampling was done in Chiangmai and Bangkok of Thailand using Polyurethane (PUF) disk passive samplers. There were five sampling sites in Bangkok, and three in Chiang Mai. Data were collected in the dry season, i.e. from December 2018- June 2019. A total of 24 samples were extracted and further quantitatively analyzed by the standard method using GC-MS. Both PAHs and PCBs concentrations increased during the dry season. At Chiang Mai, max. PAHs were found to be 848 ng/m3, which was higher than that of Bangkok, max. PAHs concentration was found to be 455 ng/m3. On the other hand, the max PCBs found in Bangkok were 15 pg/m3 were higher than that in Chiang Mai (max. ...

Risks to health from ambient particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) to the residents of Guwahati city, India: An analysis of prediction model

The smaller cities in India are facing acute problems due to air pollution but remain unaccounted... more The smaller cities in India are facing acute problems due to air pollution but remain unaccounted due to lack of effort in highlighting them through studies. Ambient pollution data and climate data of one tier 2 Indian city, Guwahati, were collected for three years, i.e., 2016–2018 and analyzed. It showed that the winter season was very harsh from the air pollution point of view as almost 99% of the time the ambient PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations were recorded to be more than 100 µg m <sup>− 3</sup>. Based on a derived and validated MLR equation, the PM<sub>2.5</sub> level for the non-monitored areas of the city was predicted. The non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> was done with the help of hazard quotients (HQs) of the city and presented as a GIS-based map. During the winter, the city faced acute health risks because the computed HQ values were found to be more than '1' in most of the areas of the city...

Health Risk Assessment of Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide Exposure from a New Developing Coal Power Plant in Thailand

Determination of Organophosphate Pesticides in Vegetable Farm Drained Water Using Solid Phase Extraction Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Organophosphorus pesticides in water from four vegetable farms in Patumtanee Province were analyz... more Organophosphorus pesticides in water from four vegetable farms in Patumtanee Province were analyzed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). SPE experiments were performed under conditions of an ODS phase, a sorbent mass of 100 mg, solution volume of 100 ml, elution solvent of 60/40 acetonitrile/water, elution volume of 5 ml and pressure of 17 in. Hg. Extraction method recovery was confirmed by spiking standard pesticides at 1 ppm. Quantification by an external standard method implied a 90 % average recovery of standard profenofos. Profenofos was detected in 27 water samples from three vegetable farms. The detected concentration range was 0.11 to 1.11 ppm with a mean of 0.44 ± 0.07 ppm. The

Air Pollution in Indian Cities and Comparison of MLR, ANN and CART Models for Predicting PM10 Concentrations in Guwahati, India

Asian journal of atmospheric environment, 2021

Among the pollutants released by thermal power plants, SO 2 and NO x are the key ingredients. The... more Among the pollutants released by thermal power plants, SO 2 and NO x are the key ingredients. These particles also contribute to the toxic particle haze covering north India. 9,10,11 If the country's air pollution crisis is to be addressed effectively, tackling the runaway increase in these emissions (SO 2 and NO x) is of key importance. Boys et al., 2014 12 found that PM 2.5 increase in South Asia from 1999-2012 were largely explained by the increase in inorganic secondary particles, which are dominantly formed from SO 2 and NO x in the atmosphere. Investigating further Lu et al., 2013 13 found that coal-based thermal power plant clusters were responsible for more than 75% of total SO 2 emissions in all 23 Indian states they analysed, and for more than 90% in 16 Indian states.

Effects of air pollution related respiratory symptoms in school children in industrial areas Rayong, Thailand

EnvironmentAsia, 2016

The chronic effects of air pollution in school children living near industrial sites were investi... more The chronic effects of air pollution in school children living near industrial sites were investigated. There spiratory symptoms of 806 school children aged 9-12 years were examined by the American Thoracic Society’s Division of Lung Diseases (ATS-DLD-78-C) questionnaire during February-August 2013. The selected elementary schools in this survey was based on the distance from Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate, area A within 1 km., area B 5 km. and area C 10 km. Logistic regression techniques were used to assess the association between prevalence of respiratory symptoms and independent variables. The average 24 hrs PM10 and VOCs concentrations from 2011-2014 in area A were significantly higher than in area C (p<0.05). Relatively, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in area A were high with odds ratios (OR) = 3.41, (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.70-6.85) and in area B with OR = 1.36, (95% CI = 0.54-3.45), in comparison to area C. The prevalent of non-specific respiratory disease...

BTEX levels, contributing sources and impacts in and around a petrochemical complex in Thailand

Ambient Air Levels and Sources of BTEX at a Petrochemical Complex in Thailand

Concern for health hazards from volatile organic compounds from the Map Ta Phut Petrochemical Est... more Concern for health hazards from volatile organic compounds from the Map Ta Phut Petrochemical Estate has resulted in a study of the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) species in the ambient air surrounding and within the industrial complex. Ambient air samples have been collected at numerous locations during the dry (22-28 February), the semi-wet (29 April-5 May) and the wet season (19-25 June) in 2002. Collection was via personal pumps onto charcoal adsorbent tubes. The samples were extracted and analysed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). The data have been analysed statistically and comparisons made between levels from upwind, downwind and within the complex. For daytime concentrations, the median and maximum at two upwind monitoring sites were respectively 3.9 and 17.7 µg/m 3 for benzene, and 2.1 and 8.6 µg/m 3 for toluene. These data can be compared with two downwind monitoring sites where the results were 5...

Assessing short-term effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory diseases in Guwahati, India with the application of the generalized additive model

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2021

Abstract Research studies connecting air pollution and its effect on health are much needed by th... more Abstract Research studies connecting air pollution and its effect on health are much needed by the policymakers in India. Generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to quantify the effect of air pollutants on hospital visits related to respiratory diseases for an Indian city, Guwahati. A total of 6335 patients visited the only medical college and hospital in the city for respiratory diseases during 2016-2018. The multi-pollutant GAM models indicate the existence of synergistic effects of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) on hospital visits of the patients due to respiratory diseases. The ambient PM2.5 concentrations have a strong link with hospital visits in all 6 single lag days. However, the effect of CO on hospital visits due to respiratory diseases was more robust. The percent change of hospital visits associated with each 1 unit increase in CO concentrations at lag 1 day was 15.7% (RR = 1.157; 95% CI 0.929, 1.442), which was enhanced to as high as 40.8% (RR = 1.408; 1.130,1.755) at lag3. The rise of each 10 units of concentrations of PM2.5 and 1 unit of CO at cumulative lag0-6 day was associated with the percentage change in hospital visits of 6.67% and 62.36% respectively. Single-pollutant GAM models indicate that the risk percentage of PM2.5 causing respiratory disease increased in combination with other pollutants.

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