Mississippi Supreme Court
| Mississippi Supreme Court |
|---|
|
| Court Information |
| Justices: 9 |
| Founded: 1817 |
| Location: Jackson |
| Salary |
| Associates: $173,800[1] |
| Judicial Selection |
| Method: Nonpartisan election |
| Term: 8 years |
| Active justices |
| Jenifer Branning, Robert P. Chamberlin, Josiah Coleman, T. Kenneth Griffis, David Ishee, Leslie King, Jimmy Maxwell, Mike Randolph, David Sullivan |
Founded in 1817, the Mississippi Supreme Court is the state's court of last resort and has seven judgeships. The current chief of the court is Mike Randolph.
As of January 2025, four judges on the court were initially appointed by a Republican governor and five judges were initially selected in a nonpartisan election.
The court meets in the Gartin Justice Building in Jackson, Mississippi.[2]
In Mississippi, state supreme court justices are elected in nonpartisan elections. There are 13 states that use this selection method. To read more about the nonpartisan election of judges, click here.
Jurisdiction
The Mississippi supreme court has extensive appellate jurisdiction and hears cases from the chancery, circuit, and county courts, and the court of appeals. It enjoys original jurisdiction in only two circumstances: actions by the Public Service Commission regarding public utility rates, and to act as an independent fact finder in judicial misconduct matters.[3]
Panels of three judges may hear and decide cases on the supreme court. The supreme court may not issue advisory opinions.[4]
Appeals that go directly to the supreme court include: annexations, bond issues, constitutionality challenges, death penalty cases, disciplinary matters involving attorneys and judges, election contests, certified questions from federal court, utility rates, cases of first impression and issues of broad public interest.[5]
Justices
The table below lists the current judges of the Mississippi Supreme Court, their political party, and when they assumed office.
| Office | Name | Party | Date assumed office |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mississippi Supreme Court District 1 Position 1 | T. Kenneth Griffis | Nonpartisan | February 1, 2019 |
| Mississippi Supreme Court District 1 Position 2 | Leslie King | Nonpartisan | 2011 |
| Mississippi Supreme Court District 1 Position 3 | Jenifer Branning | Nonpartisan | January 6, 2025 |
| Mississippi Supreme Court District 2 Position 1 | David Ishee | Nonpartisan | September 18, 2017 |
| Mississippi Supreme Court District 2 Position 2 | David Sullivan | Nonpartisan | January 6, 2025 |
| Mississippi Supreme Court District 2 Position 3 | Mike Randolph | Nonpartisan | 2004 |
| Mississippi Supreme Court District 3 Position 1 | Robert P. Chamberlin | Nonpartisan | January 3, 2017 |
| Mississippi Supreme Court District 3 Position 2 | Jimmy Maxwell | Nonpartisan | January 4, 2016 |
| Mississippi Supreme Court District 3 Position 3 | Josiah Coleman | Nonpartisan | 2013 |
Judicial selection
- See also: Judicial selection in Mississippi
The nine justices on the Mississippi Supreme Court are elected to eight-year terms in nonpartisan elections. All candidates must run in the general election (as Mississippi holds no primary for judicial candidates) and must face re-election if they wish to serve again.[6] For more information about these elections, visit the Mississippi judicial elections page.
Unlike most states, supreme court justices in Mississippi are elected to represent specific districts. The nine justices are divided among three supreme court districts (not to be confused with the 22 divisions of the circuit courts) and are voted into office by the residents of their respective regions.[7] Only the states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Louisiana use a similar system.
Qualifications
To serve on this court, a judge must be:
- a qualified elector for and from the district in which election is sought;
- a minimum of 30 years old;
- a practicing attorney; and
- a state citizen for at least five years.[6]
Chief justice
The court's chief justice is selected by seniority. He or she serves until retirement when the justice with the next most judicial experience becomes chief.[6]
Vacancies
If a midterm vacancy occurs on the court, a temporary judge is named by the governor. Appointees serve out the remainder of their predecessor's unexpired term if four or fewer years of the term remain. If there are more than four years remaining, the appointee will run in the next general election, taking place nine months or more after the vacancy occurs. The winner of the election will serve the remainder of the term.[8]
The map below highlights how vacancies are filled in state supreme courts across the country.
District 2-Position 2
General election
General election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 2 Position 2
David Sullivan defeated incumbent Dawn H. Beam in the general election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 2 Position 2 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | David Sullivan (Nonpartisan) | 54.8 | 189,357 | |
| Dawn H. Beam (Nonpartisan) | 45.2 | 156,205 | ||
| Total votes: 345,562 | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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District 3-Position 1
General election
General election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 3 Position 1
Incumbent Robert P. Chamberlin won election in the general election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 3 Position 1 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Robert P. Chamberlin (Nonpartisan) | 100.0 | 341,895 | |
| Total votes: 341,895 | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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District 3-Position 2
General election
General election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 3 Position 2
Incumbent Jimmy Maxwell won election in the general election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 3 Position 2 on November 5, 2024.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Jimmy Maxwell (Nonpartisan) | 100.0 | 339,411 | |
| Total votes: 339,411 | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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2020
Candidates and election results
District 1-Position 1
General election
General election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 1 Position 1
Incumbent T. Kenneth Griffis defeated Latrice Westbrooks in the general election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 1 Position 1 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | T. Kenneth Griffis (Nonpartisan) | 51.5 | 202,530 | |
| Latrice Westbrooks (Nonpartisan) | 48.5 | 190,455 | ||
| Total votes: 392,985 | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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District 1-Position 2
General election
General election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 1 Position 2
Incumbent Leslie King won election in the general election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 1 Position 2 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Leslie King (Nonpartisan) | 100.0 | 334,129 | |
| Total votes: 334,129 | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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District 2-Position 3
General election
General election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 2 Position 3
Incumbent Mike Randolph won election in the general election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 2 Position 3 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Mike Randolph (Nonpartisan) | 100.0 | 347,143 | |
| Total votes: 347,143 | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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District 3-Position 3
General election
General election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 3 Position 3
Incumbent Josiah Coleman defeated Percy L. Lynchard Jr. in the general election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 3 Position 3 on November 3, 2020.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | Josiah Coleman (Nonpartisan) | 63.4 | 236,130 | |
| Percy L. Lynchard Jr. (Nonpartisan) | 36.6 | 136,164 | ||
| Total votes: 372,294 | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
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2018
- Main article: Mississippi Supreme Court elections, 2018
Candidates and results
Ishee's seat
General election
General election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 2 Position 1
Incumbent David Ishee won election in the general election for Mississippi Supreme Court District 2 Position 1 on November 6, 2018.
Candidate | % | Votes | ||
| ✔ | David Ishee (Nonpartisan) | 100.0 | 251,772 | |
| Total votes: 251,772 | ||||
| If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey. | ||||
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team. | ||||
2016
- Main article: Mississippi Supreme Court elections, 2016
Candidates
District 1, Place 3■ Jim Kitchens District 2, Place 2■ Dawn Beam |
District 3, Place 1■ John Brady District 3, Place 2■ James D. Maxwell |
Election results
November 29 runoff election
| Mississippi Supreme Court, District 3, Place 1, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
 Robert Chamberlin |
54.59% | 19,974 |
| John Brady | 45.41% | 16,612 |
| Total Votes (588 of 619 reporting: 95%) | 36,586 | |
| Source: WAPT News/Associated Press | ||
November 8 general election
| Mississippi Supreme Court, District 1, Place 3, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
| Jim Kitchens Incumbent |
53.54% | 185,169 |
| T. Kenneth Griffis | 46.46% | 160,661 |
| Total Votes (553 of 553 precincts reporting: 100%) | 345,830 | |
| Source: The New York Times | ||
| Mississippi Supreme Court, District 2, Place 2, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
| Dawn Beam Incumbent |
67.32% | 216,809 |
| Michael Shareef | 32.68% | 105,266 |
| Total Votes (634 of 641 precincts reporting: 99%) | 322,075 | |
| Source: The New York Times | ||
| Mississippi Supreme Court, District 3, Place 1, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Vote % | Votes |
| Robert Chamberlin |
31.17% | 103,133 |
| John Brady |
29.15% | 96,452 |
| James T. Kitchens | 24.58% | 81,313 |
| Steve Crampton | 15.10% | 49,947 |
| Total Votes (617 of 617 precincts reporting: 100%) | 330,845 | |
| Source: The New York Times | ||
| Mississippi Supreme Court, District 3, Place 2, 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Candidate | ||
| James D. Maxwell Incumbent | ||
| Source: The New York Times | ||
- Election history, 2008-2014 (click to expand)
2014
Candidate Incumbency Office Election Vote Earle Banks Josiah Coleman No District 3, Position 3 58% Leslie King Yes District 1, Position 2 100% Mike Randolph Yes District 2, Position 3 77% Richard T. Phillips No District 3, Position 3 42% Talmadge Braddock No District 2, Position 3 23% William Waller Yes District 1, Position 1 55% 2010 See also: 2010 State Supreme Court electionsIncumbent Jess Dickinson ran unopposed to retain his seat.Mississippi Supreme Court
2010 General election resultsCandidates Votes Percent Jess Dickinson (R) n/a n/a 2008 See also: State Supreme Court elections, 2008Incumbent James W. Smith was defeated by challenger Jim Kitchens.
Incumbent Oliver E. Diaz, Jr. was defeated by challenger Randy Pierce.Mississippi Supreme Court
2008 General election resultsCandidates Votes Percent Jim Kitchens n/a 55% James Smith n/a 36% Ceola James n/a 9%
Incumbent Ann Lamar was defeated by challenger Gene Barton.Mississippi Supreme Court
2008 General election resultsCandidates Votes Percent Randy "Bubba" Pierce n/a 58% Oliver E. Diaz, Jr. n/a 42%
Incumbent Charles Easley was defeated by challenger David Chandler.Mississippi Supreme Court
2008 General election resultsCandidates Votes Percent Ann Lamar n/a 62% Gene Barton n/a 38% Mississippi Supreme Court
2008 General election resultsCandidates Votes Percent David Chandler n/a 67% Charles Easley n/a 33%
Caseloads
The table below details the number of cases filed with the court and the number of dispositions (decisions) the court reached in each year. Mississippi's annual report data combines filings from both types of appellate courts but provides disposition data from just the Mississippi Supreme Court.[9][10]
| Mississippi Supreme Court caseload data | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Filings | Dispositions |
| 2023 | 667 | 260 |
| 2022 | 642 | 270 |
| 2021 | 657 | 299 |
| 2020 | 579 | 285 |
| 2019 | 697 | 344 |
| 2018 | 830 | 365 |
| 2017 | 824 | 441 |
| 2016 | 983 | 401 |
| 2015 | 995 | 419 |
| 2014 | 926 | 400 |
| 2013 | 1,084 | 386 |
| 2012 | 1,091 | 412 |
| 2011 | 844 | 396 |
| 2010 | 904 | 433 |
| 2009 | 1,008 | 382 |
| 2008 | 1,072 | 479 |
| 2007 | 1,065 | 475 |
Analysis
Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters (2021)
In 2020, Ballotpedia published Ballotpedia Courts: Determiners and Dissenters, a study on how state supreme court justices decided the cases that came before them. Our goal was to determine which justices ruled together most often, which frequently dissented, and which courts featured the most unanimous or contentious decisions.
The study tracked the position taken by each state supreme court justice in every case they decided in 2020, then tallied the number of times the justices on the court ruled together. We identified the following types of justices:
- We considered two justices opinion partners if they frequently concurred or dissented together throughout the year.
- We considered justices a dissenting minority if they frequently opposed decisions together as a -1 minority.
- We considered a group of justices a determining majority if they frequently determined cases by a +1 majority throughout the year.
- We considered a justice a lone dissenter if he or she frequently dissented alone in cases throughout the year.
Summary of cases decided in 2020
- Number of justices: 9
- Number of cases: 164
- Percentage of cases with a unanimous ruling: 65.2%% (107)
- Justice most often writing the majority opinion: Justice Griffis (19)
- Per curiam decisions: 0
- Concurring opinions: 19
- Justice with most concurring opinions: Justice King and Justice Kitchens (5)
- Dissenting opinions: 32
- Justice with most dissenting opinions: Justice Kitchens (12)
For the study's full set of findings in Mississippi, click here.
Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship (2020)
- See also: Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship
Last updated: June 15, 2020
In 2020, Ballotpedia published Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship, a study examining the partisan affiliation of all state supreme court justices in the country as of June 15, 2020.
The study presented Confidence Scores that represented our confidence in each justice's degree of partisan affiliation, based on a variety of factors. This was not a measure of where a justice fell on the political or ideological spectrum, but rather a measure of how much confidence we had that a justice was or had been affiliated with a political party. To arrive at confidence scores we analyzed each justice's past partisan activity by collecting data on campaign finance, past political positions, party registration history, as well as other factors. The five categories of Confidence Scores were:
- Strong Democrat
- Mild Democrat
- Indeterminate[11]
- Mild Republican
- Strong Republican
We used the Confidence Scores of each justice to develop a Court Balance Score, which attempted to show the balance among justices with Democratic, Republican, and Indeterminate Confidence Scores on a court. Courts with higher positive Court Balance Scores included justices with higher Republican Confidence Scores, while courts with lower negative Court Balance Scores included justices with higher Democratic Confidence Scores. Courts closest to zero either had justices with conflicting partisanship or justices with Indeterminate Confidence Scores.[12]
Mississippi had a Court Balance Score of 4.11, indicating Republican control of the court. In total, the study found that there were 15 states with Democrat-controlled courts, 27 states with Republican-controlled courts, and eight states with Split courts. The map below shows the court balance score of each state.
Bonica and Woodruff campaign finance scores (2012)
In October 2012, political science professors Adam Bonica and Michael Woodruff of Stanford University attempted to determine the partisan outlook of state supreme court justices in their paper, "State Supreme Court Ideology and 'New Style' Judicial Campaigns." A score above 0 indicated a more conservative-leaning ideology while scores below 0 were more liberal. The state Supreme Court of Mississippi was given a campaign finance score (CFscore), which was calculated for judges in October 2012. At that time, Mississippi received a score of 0.69. Based on the justices selected, Mississippi was the 6th most conservative court. The study was based on data from campaign contributions by judges themselves, the partisan leaning of contributors to the judges, or—in the absence of elections—the ideology of the appointing body (governor or legislature). This study was not a definitive label of a justice but rather an academic gauge of various factors.[13]
Noteworthy cases
For a full list of opinions published by the court, click here. Know of a case we should cover here? Let us know by emailing us.
Ethics
The Mississippi Code of Judicial Conduct sets forth ethical guidelines and principles for the conduct of judges and judicial candidates in Mississippi. It is composed of five canons:
- Canon 1: "A Judge Shall Uphold the Integrity and Independence of the Judiciary."
- Canon 2: "A Judge Shall Avoid Impropriety and the Appearance of Impropriety in All Activities."
- Canon 3: "A Judge Shall Perform the Duties of Judicial Office Impartially and Diligently."
- Canon 4: "A Judge Shall So Conduct the Judge’s Extra-judicial Activities as to Minimize the Risk of Conflict with Judicial Obligations."
- Canon 5: "A Judge or Judicial Candidate Shall Refrain From Inappropriate Political Activity."[14]
The full text of the Mississippi Code of Judicial Conduct can be found here.
Removal of justices
If the Mississippi Commission on Judicial Performance recommends the censure, removal or retirement of a supreme court justice, the secretary of state holds a public drawing of lots to select a tribunal of seven judges from a list of all circuit and chancery judges. The tribunal votes by secret ballot and a two-third vote is required to censure, remove or retire a justice.[15] Another way justices may be removed is by impeachment by two-thirds of the house of representatives and removal by the senate. Justices may also be removed by the governor on the joint address of two-thirds of both houses of the legislature.[16]
History of the court
Mississippi became a territory in 1798, granting power to President John Adams (U.S. president) to appoint three justices, to serve for life, on a territorial supreme court. The form of government was patterned from the 1787 Northwest Ordinance, establishing a governor, secretary, and three judges acting as a ruling council and a judiciary. When the territory reached a population of 5,000 free adult males, an assembly would be elected. Since only one of the three appointed justices lived in the Mississippi territory, and it took the other two a year to arrive, Governor Winthrop Sargent appointed conservators of the peace to try misdemeanors as a court of general quarter sessions. Two conservators would sit to hear accusations of felony and to hold suspects for trial pending the supreme court's action. The supreme court had trial jurisdiction over serious crimes, appellate jurisdiction, and the power to convene a jury.[17] Under the first statehood constitution in 1817, the state established a supreme court, and superior and inferior courts to be created at the discretion of the legislature. The constitution authorized the legislature to elect four to eight supreme court justices, who would hold office during good behavior. It divided the state into three to six judicial districts from which the justices would be appointed. The constitution set a maximum age limit of 65 years for justices. The supreme court was given appellate jurisdiction over final decisions made by circuit, chancery, and probate courts. The constitution did not give the court any general original jurisdiction.[18]
Mississippi's 1832 constitution changed the way that justices and judges in the state were chosen; providing for popular elections. The constitution also created a number of courts in the state including the high court of errors and appeals, circuit courts, courts of chancery, probate courts, and criminal courts. It additionally authorized the legislature to create inferior courts. In 1857 all chancery courts were eliminated by the legislature and their powers were vested in the circuit courts.[19]
The post-Civil War constitution of 1868 provided the judicial structure that has remained in Mississippi to today. It provided for a supreme court with three justices appointed by the governor from three judicial districts for nine-year terms. The constitution created general jurisdiction circuit courts and reestablished chancery courts, while abolishing the high court of errors and appeals.[20]
The Mississippi Constitution approved in 1890 is the state's current constitution. The model of the supreme court largely mirrored the previous constitution, including providing for three justices, appointed by the governor from three judicial districts for nine-year terms. The supreme court was granted extensive appellate jurisdiction. [21][22]
Beginning in 1914 Mississippians passed a series of judicial constitutional amendments modifying the supreme court. First, supreme court positions were made elected positions and judicial terms were shortened from nine years to eight years.[23] In 1916 and again in 1952, voters passed amendments increasing the size of the supreme court first to six justices and then to nine justices, where it currently remains.[24] In 1994, the legislature passed legislation providing for nonpartisan elections of all judges.
Court floods
The Mississippi Supreme Court rescheduled cases after the newly constructed Carroll Gartin Justice Building flooded in May 2008. The building also houses the Mississippi Court of Appeals.[25]
Supreme Court races renews old conflict
Since the state's first constitution was drafted in 1817, Mississippi has struggled over whether to appoint or elect judges. Historically, the fight erupted between three groups—the "aristocrats" who favored the appointment of all judges, the "half hogs" who wanted to elect some judges and have others appointed and the "whole hogs" who wanted all judges elected. History shows that the "whole hogs" won in 1832, and Mississippi has been electing judges ever since. However, because of special interest spending that circumvents campaign finance laws, the battle is no longer between "whole hogs" or "aristocrats," but between pro-trial lawyer and pro-business/medical interests.[26]
Courts in Mississippi
- See also: Courts in Mississippi
In Mississippi, there are two federal district courts, a state supreme court, a state court of appeals, and trial courts with both general and limited jurisdiction. These courts serve different purposes, which are outlined in the sections below.
Click a link for information about that court type.
The image below depicts the flow of cases through Mississippi's state court system. Cases typically originate in the trial courts and can be appealed to courts higher up in the system.
Party control of Mississippi state government
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. A state supreme court plays a role in the checks and balances system of a state government.
Mississippi has a Republican trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ The salary of the chief justice may be higher than an associate justice.
- ↑ State of Mississippi Judiciary, "Supreme Court," September 7, 2021
- ↑ The Mississippi State Constitution,"Article VI: Judiciary," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ The Mississippi State Constitution,"Article VI: Judiciary," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ State of Mississippi Judiciary,"About the Courts," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 National Center for State Courts, "Methods of Judicial Selection," accessed September 7, 2021
- ↑ State of Mississippi Judiciary, "Supreme Court," accessed September 7, 2021
- ↑ National Center for State Courts, "Methods of Judicial Selection," accessed September 7, 2021
- ↑ State of Mississippi Judiciary, "Supreme Court Annual Reports," accessed October 5, 2022
- ↑ SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI - 2023 Annual Report, "Appellate Filings and Disposions, 2013—2023," accessed September 24, 2024
- ↑ An Indeterminate score indicates that there is either not enough information about the justice’s partisan affiliations or that our research found conflicting partisan affiliations.
- ↑ The Court Balance Score is calculated by finding the average partisan Confidence Score of all justices on a state supreme court. For example, if a state has justices on the state supreme court with Confidence Scores of 4, -2, 2, 14, -2, 3, and 4, the Court Balance is the average of those scores: 3.3. Therefore, the Confidence Score on the court is Mild Republican. The use of positive and negative numbers in presenting both Confidence Scores and Court Balance Scores should not be understood to that either a Republican or Democratic score is positive or negative. The numerical values represent their distance from zero, not whether one score is better or worse than another.
- ↑ Stanford University, "State Supreme Court Ideology and 'New Style' Judicial Campaigns," October 31, 2012
- ↑ State of Mississippi Judiciary, "Mississippi Code of Judicial Conduct," accessed June 20, 2015
- ↑ Mississippi Commission on Judicial Performance, "Constitutional Authority," accessed October 13, 2015
- ↑ National Center for State Courts, "Methods of Selection: Removal of Judges," accessed September 7, 2021
- ↑ Mississippi Law Journal,"Mississippi Courts," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ Mississippi Law Journal,"Mississippi Courts," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ Mississippi Law Journal,"Mississippi Courts," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ Mississippi College School of Law,"Mixed Cases of Law and Equity in Mississippi Courts," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ Mississippi College School of Law,"Mixed Cases of Law and Equity in Mississippi Courts," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ The Mississippi State Constitution,"Article VI: Judiciary," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ American Political Science Review,"Constitutional Amendments and Referred Acts, November Election 1914," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ The Mississippi State Constitution,"Article VI: Judiciary," accessed June 20, 2024
- ↑ Insurance Journal, "New Mississippi Supreme Court Building Floods," May 9, 2008
- ↑ Clarion Ledger, "Supreme Court Races Will Renew Conflicts," May 9, 2008
Federal courts:
Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals • U.S. District Court: Northern District of Mississippi, Southern District of Mississippi • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: Northern District of Mississippi, Southern District of Mississippi
State courts:
Mississippi Supreme Court • Mississippi Court of Appeals • Mississippi circuit courts • Mississippi Chancery Court • Mississippi county courts • Mississippi justice courts • Mississippi youth courts • Mississippi Municipal Courts
State resources:
Courts in Mississippi • Mississippi judicial elections • Judicial selection in Mississippi
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