Houston Independent School District, Texas

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Houston Independent School District
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Houston, Texas
District details
Superintendent: Mike Miles
# of school board members: 9
Website: Link

The Houston Independent School District is a school district in Texas.

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Superintendent

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This information is updated as we become aware of changes. Please contact us with any updates.

Mike Miles is the superintendent of the Houston Independent School District. He was appointed by Texas Education Commissioner Mike Morath on June 1, 2023.[1] The district's board of education confirmed the appointment on June 8, 2023.[2] Prior to his appointment, Miles served as the CEO to the charter school network Third Future School, as well as the superintendent of Dallas Independent School District.[3]

Past superintendents

  • Grenita Lathan was the interim superintendent of the Houston Independent School District from 2018 to 2021. Lathan's previous career experience included working as a teacher, the chief elementary school improvement officer of the San Diego Unified School District, and the superintendent of Peoria Public Schools in Illinois.[4]
  • Richard Carranza was the superintendent of the Houston Independent School District from 2016 to 2018.[5][6] Carranza's previous career experience included working as the superintendent of the San Francisco Unified School District.[7]
  • Kenneth Huewitt was the interim superintendent of the Houston Independent School District in 2016. Huewitt's previous career experience included working as the district's controller and chief financial officer.[8]
  • Terry Grier was the superintendent of the Houston Independent School District from 2009 to 2016.[9]

School board

The Houston Independent School District Board of Trustees consists of nine members elected to four-year terms and nine appointed members. [10]

Elected board


Appointed board


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This officeholder information was last updated on January 18, 2025. Please contact us with any updates.
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Elections

See also: Houston Independent School District elections in 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023, & 2025

Members of the board are elected biennially in November to overlapping four-year terms.[10]

Five seats on the board are up for general election on November 4, 2025. The filing deadline for this election is August 18, 2025.

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Public participation in board meetings

The Houston Independent School District Board of Trustees maintains the following policy on public testimony during board meetings:[11]


District map

Budget

The following statistics were published by the National Center for Education Statistics, which is a part of the U.S. Department of Education.[12]

Revenue, 2020-2021
SOURCE AMOUNT AMOUNT PER STUDENT PERCENT
Federal: $335,452,000 $1,703 13%
Local: $1,987,065,000 $10,090 76%
State: $299,890,000 $1,523 11%
Total: $2,622,407,000 $13,316
Expenditures, 2020-2021
TYPE AMOUNT AMOUNT PER STUDENT PERCENT
Total Expenditures: $2,620,063,000 $13,303
Total Current Expenditures: $2,057,302,000 $10,446
Instructional Expenditures: $1,181,362,000 $5,998 45%
Student and Staff Support: $252,282,000 $1,280 10%
Administration: $292,593,000 $1,485 11%
Operations, Food Service, Other: $331,065,000 $1,681 13%
Total Capital Outlay: $180,266,000 $915
Construction: $70,834,000 $359
Total Non El-Sec Education & Other: $47,323,000 $240
Interest on Debt: $130,949,000 $664


Teacher salaries

The following salary information was pulled from the district's teacher salary schedule. A salary schedule is a list of expected compensations based on variables such as position, years employed, and education level. It may not reflect actual teacher salaries in the district.

Year Minimum Maximum
2023-2024[13] $53,000 $100,000
2020[14] $54,369 $96,371

Academic performance

Each year, state and local education agencies use tests and other standards to assess student proficiency. Although the data below was published by the U.S. Department of Education, proficiency measurements are established by the states. As a result, proficiency levels are not comparable between different states and year-over-year proficiency levels within a district may not be comparable because states may change their proficiency measurements.[15]

The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:

School year All (%) Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Black (%) Hispanic (%) Native American (%) Two or More Races (%) White (%)
2020-2021 27 72 16 22 35-39 45-49 59
2018-2019 45 80 33 44 35-39 66 67
2017-2018 43 80 31 42 40-44 63 66
2016-2017 71 91 63 72 70-74 84 87
2015-2016 69 90 59 70 60-64 83 86
2014-2015 67 88 57 68 70-74 82 86
2013-2014 70 89 60 71 65-69 83 87
2012-2013 72 90 63 73 75-79 83 87
2011-2012 80 94 72 82 75-79 89 91
2010-2011 83 92 77 84 80-84 92

The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:

School year All (%) Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Black (%) Hispanic (%) Native American (%) Two or More Races (%) White (%)
2020-2021 35 71 28 30 40-44 40-44 70
2018-2019 41 75 33 37 35-39 70 71
2017-2018 39 74 30 36 45-49 67 71
2016-2017 63 84 57 62 60-64 83 87
2015-2016 64 84 58 62 65-69 85 86
2014-2015 65 83 59 64 60-64 85 87
2013-2014 67 84 61 66 65-69 86 88
2012-2013 72 85 69 70 70-74 88 90
2011-2012 85 92 82 84 85-89 94 95
2010-2011 86 94 84 85 85-89 95

The following table shows the graduation rate of district students each school year:

School year All (%) Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Black (%) Hispanic (%) Native American (%) Two or More Races (%) White (%)
2018-2019 79 91 79 78 70-79 75-79 79
2017-2018 79 93 78 79 60-69 80-84 77
2016-2017 79 90 78 79 60-69 75-79 78
2015-2016 78 92 76 78 70-79 75-79 80
2014-2015 79 92 77 79 60-79 75-79 83
2013-2014 79 92 75 78 70-79 85-89 86
2012-2013 79 87 76 77 70-79 90-94 91
2011-2012 79 92 77 77 70-79 90-94 89
2010-2011 79 92 77 76 60-79 >=90 90


Students

Year Enrollment Year-to-year change (%)
2022-2023 189,934 -2.5
2021-2022 194,607 -1.2
2020-2021 196,943 -6.7
2019-2020 210,061 0.1
2018-2019 209,772 -2.1
2017-2018 214,175 -0.9
2016-2017 216,106 0.2
2015-2016 215,627 0.2
2014-2015 215,225 1.7
2013-2014 211,552 3.9
2012-2013 203,354 0.1
2011-2012 203,066 -0.6
2010-2011 204,245 0.7
2009-2010 202,773 1.3
2008-2009 200,225 0.3
2007-2008 199,534 -1.7
2006-2007 202,936 -3.6
2005-2006 210,292 0.6
2004-2005 208,945 -1.2
2003-2004 211,499 -0.3
2002-2003 212,099 0.5
2001-2002 210,950 1.2
2000-2001 208,462 -0.6
1999-2000 209,716 0.0
Racial Demographics, 2022-2023
RACE Houston Independent School District (%) Texas K-12 STUDENTS (%)
American Indian/Alaska Native 0.2 0.3
Asian or Asian/Pacific Islander 4.8 5.1
Black 21.7 12.8
Hispanic 61.8 52.9
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.1 0.2
Two or More Races 1.7 3.0
White 9.8 25.7

Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.


Staff

As of the 2022-2023 school year, Houston Independent School District had 10,993.08 full-time classroom teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 17.28.

Teachers, 2022-2023 school year
TYPE NUMBER OF TEACHERS
Prekindergarten: 617.35
Kindergarten: 580.67
Elementary: 4,535.86
Secondary: 4,253.31
Total: 10,993.08

Houston Independent School District employed 203.00 district administrators and 1,170.55 school administrators as of the 2022-2023 school year.

Administrators, 2022-2023 school year
TYPE NUMBER OF ADMINISTRATORS
District Administrators: 203.00
District Administrative Support: 1,834.18
School Administrators: 1,170.55
School Administrative Support: 1,438.73
Other staff, 2022-2023 school year
TYPE NUMBER OF OTHER STAFF
Instructional Aides: 1,380.15
Instruc. Coordinators & Supervisors: 95.00
Total Guidance Counselors: 325.34
Elementary Guidance Counselors: 0.00
Secondary Guidance Counselors: 0.00
Librarians/Media Specialists: 145.42
Library/Media Support: 0.00
Student Support Services: 783.96
Other Support Services: 6,625.03


Schools

The Houston Independent School District operates 274 schools. They are listed below in alphabetical order.
List of schools
SCHOOL NAMENUMBER OF STUDENTSGRADES
Alcott El192PK-5
Almeda El800PK-5
Anderson El642PK-5
Arabic Immersion Magnet School538PK-7
Ashford El564PK-5
Askew El896PK-5
Atherton El433PK-5
Attucks Middle4396-8
Austin H S1,4489-12
Barrick El486PK-5
Bastian El648PK-5
Baylor College Of Medicine Academy At Ryan3856-8
Baylor College Of Medicine Biotech Academy At Rusk3416-8
Bellaire H S3,1709-12
Bell El548PK-5
Bellfort Early Childhood Center362PK-KG
Benavidez El923PK-5
Benbrook El489PK-5
Berry El806PK-5
Black Middle1,3296-8
Blackshear El308PK-5
Bonham El986PK-5
Bonner El613PK-5
Braeburn El829PK-5
Briargrove El836PK-5
Briarmeadow Charter600PK-8
Briscoe El193PK-5
Brookline El732PK-5
Browning El411PK-5
Bruce El307PK-5
Burbank El810PK-5
Burbank Middle1,4176-8
Burnet El407PK-5
Burrus El246PK-5
Bush El743PK-5
Cage El418PK-5
Carnegie Vanguard H S8419-12
Carrillo El358PK-5
Challenge Early College H S4549-12
Chavez H S2,2729-12
Clifton Middle5096-8
Codwell El329PK-5
Community Services-Sec90KG-12
Condit El736PK-5
Cook Jr El519PK-5
Coop El552PK-5
Cornelius El756PK-5
Crespo El548PK-5
Crockett El554PK-5
Cullen Middle3246-8
Cunningham El554PK-5
Davila El398PK-5
Deady Middle5886-8
Deanda El609PK-5
Debakey H S For Health Prof9169-12
De Chaumes El705PK-5
De Zavala El389PK-5
Dogan El511PK-5
Durham El571PK-5
Durkee El489PK-5
East Early College H S4529-12
Eastwood Academy3909-12
Edison Middle4606-8
El Daep0KG-5
Eliot El551PK-5
Ella J Baker Montessori School607PK-8
Elmore El532KG-5
Elrod El701PK-5
Emerson El975PK-5
Energized For Excellence Academy Ecc163PK-PK
Energized For Excellence Academy El1,035KG-5
Energized For Excellence Academy Inc Middle5856-8
Energized For Stem Academy H S5839-12
Energized For Stem Academy Middle3556-8
Energy Institute H S6769-12
Farias Early Childhood Center392PK-PK
Field El444PK-5
Fleming Middle3846-8
Foerster El617PK-5
Fondren El301PK-5
Fondren Middle8406-8
Fonville Middle6656-8
Fonwood Early Childhood Ctr450PK-KG
Forest Brook Middle6136-8
Foster El380PK-5
Franklin El303PK-5
Frost El489PK-5
Furr H S1,1739-12
Gallegos El360PK-5
Garcia El336PK-5
Garden Oaks Montessori798PK-8
Garden Villas El370PK-5
Golfcrest El431PK-5
Gregg El373PK-5
Gregory-Lincoln Ed Ctr600PK-8
Grissom El467PK-5
Gross El481PK-5
Halpin Early Childhood Ctr393PK-KG
Hamilton Middle8236-8
Harper Daep559-12
Harris Co J J A E P118-11
Harris J R El309PK-5
Harris R P El478PK-5
Hartman Middle9046-8
Hartsfield El303PK-5
Harvard El661PK-5
Hcc Life Skills Program7612-12
Heights H S2,4769-12
Helms El485PK-5
Henderson J El554PK-5
Henderson N El227PK-5
Henry Middle6906-8
Herod El769PK-5
Herrera El828PK-5
Highland Hts El450PK-5
Hilliard El546PK-5
Hines-Caldwell736PK-5
Hobby El504PK-5
Hogg Middle1,1206-8
Holland Middle6446-8
Horn El751PK-5
Houston Academy For International Studies4619-12
Houston Math Science And Technology Center2,7799-12
H S Ahead Academy1386-8
H S For Law And Justice4369-12
Isaacs El254PK-5
Janowski El412PK-5
Jefferson El344PK-5
Jones Futures Academy3219-12
Kashmere Gardens El355PK-5
Kashmere H S7259-12
Kelso El397PK-5
Kennedy El517PK-5
Ketelsen El445PK-5
Key Middle6156-8
Kinder H S For Performing And Visual Arts7869-12
King Early Childhood Ctr330PK-KG
Kolter El757PK-5
Lamar H S3,1259-12
Lanier Middle1,4346-8
Lantrip El519PK-5
Las Americas2304-8
Laurenzo Early Childhood Ctr207PK-KG
Law El514PK-5
Lawson Middle1,2746-8
Lewis El714PK-5
Liberty H S3519-12
Lockhart El379PK-5
Long Academy8186-12
Longfellow El682PK-5
Looscan El262PK-5
Love El348PK-5
Lovett El651PK-5
Lyons El866PK-5
Macgregor El444PK-5
Mading El339PK-5
Madison H S1,9249-12
Mandarin Immersion Magnet School739PK-8
Mark White El640PK-5
Marshall El610KG-5
Marshall Middle6076-8
Martinez C El280PK-5
Martinez R El428PK-5
Mcgowen El385PK-5
Mcnamara El993PK-5
Mcreynolds Middle3986-8
Memorial El424PK-5
Meyerland Middle1,1336-8
Mickey Leland College Prep Acad For Young Men3116-12
Middle College H S At Hcc Fraga1329-12
Middle College H S At Hcc Gulfton1239-12
Milby H S2,1079-12
Milne El482PK-5
Mistral Center For Early Childhood332PK-KG
Mitchell El503PK-5
Montgomery El454PK-5
Moreno El698PK-5
Mount Carmel Academy2699-12
Navarro Middle5476-8
Neff Ecc611PK-1
Neff El7492-5
North Forest H S9749-12
North Houston Early College H S4759-12
Northline El422PK-5
Northside H S1,1689-12
Oak Forest El878PK-5
Oates El327PK-5
Ortiz Middle8716-8
Osborne El315PK-5
Parker El858PK-5
Park Place El735PK-5
Patterson El921PK-5
Peck El388PK-5
Pershing Middle1,3906-8
Petersen El376PK-5
Pilgrim Academy1,233PK-8
Piney Point El1,202PK-5
Pin Oak Middle1,1946-8
Pleasantville El233PK-5
Poe El790PK-5
Port Houston El278PK-5
Project Chrysalis Middle2706-8
Pugh El351PK-5
Ray Daily El830PK-5
R D S P D27PK-4
Reagan K-8 Educational Ctr876KG-8
Red El607PK-5
Revere Middle1,1126-8
Reynolds El334PK-5
Rice Sch /La Escuela Rice1,076KG-8
River Oaks El696PK-5
Roberts El724PK-5
Robinson El497PK-5
Roderick R Paige El371PK-5
Rodriguez El904PK-5
Roosevelt El421PK-5
Ross El271PK-5
Rucker El394PK-5
Sanchez El438PK-5
Scarborough El658PK-5
Scarborough H S7509-12
School At St George Place782PK-5
Scroggins El335PK-5
Secondary Daep376-8
Seguin El387PK-5
Shadowbriar El489PK-5
Shadydale El631KG-5
Sharpstown H S1,8559-12
Sharpstown International School1,2796-12
Shearn El478PK-5
Sherman El528PK-5
Sinclair El652PK-5
Smith El779PK-5
Soar Ctr254PK-12
South Early College H S3919-12
Southmayd El366PK-5
Sterling H S1,4219-12
Stevens El590PK-5
Stevenson Middle1,1926-8
Sugar Grove Academy8416-8
Sutton El1,049PK-5
Tanglewood Middle8086-8
Texas Connections Academy At Houston8,9673-12
Thomas Middle5266-8
Thompson El401PK-5
T H Rogers School1,063KG-12
Tijerina El342PK-5
Tinsley El5951-5
Travis El716PK-5
Twain El907PK-5
Valley West El653PK-5
Wainwright El430PK-5
Walnut Bend El676PK-5
Waltrip H S1,5979-12
Washington B T H S8789-12
Welch Middle6456-8
Wesley El270PK-5
West Briar Middle1,0616-8
Westbury H S2,2439-12
Westside H S2,8829-12
West University El1,114PK-5
Wharton K-8 Dual Language Academy627PK-8
Wheatley H S6439-12
Whidby El394PK-5
White E El707PK-5
Whittier El355PK-5
Williams Middle4116-8
Windsor Village El657PK-5
Wisdom H S2,2609-12
Woodson School572PK-5
Worthing H S8279-12
Yates H S8519-12
Young El385PK-5
Young Women'S College Prep Academy4006-12

Noteworthy events

2023: State takeover of school board

On March 15, 2023, Texas Commissioner of Education Mike Morath announced in a letter he was appointing a Board of Managers to replace the HISD elected Board of Trustees.[16] The appointed school board members took office in June 2024 and held their first public meeting on June 8, 2024.[17]

The letter followed the Texas Supreme Court's Jan. 13, 2023, ruling ending an injunction against the takeover that had begun in 2020.[18]

Morath said the new Board of Managers and superintendent would not take over before June 1. The elected Board of Trustees will serve in an advisory capacity, and elections will still take place. The appointed board will serve for two years. At that time, Morath will need to announce a timeline for returning control back to the Board of Trustees or extend the state takeover for an additional two years.[16]

2019-2022: Potential state takeover of school board

On November 6, 2019, the day after the district's general election for four out of nine seats on the school board, Texas Commissioner of Education Mike Morath notified the district of his decision to appoint a board of managers to replace the elected school board, appoint a superintendent for the district, and lower the district's accreditation status to "accredited-warned."[19][20] Under a state-appointed board, elected board members would function as non-voting representatives until they were phased back in by the commissioner.[21][22]

Morath's decision came after a TEA investigation into the board's governance and repeatedly poor academic performance ratings at a high school in the district.[23] According to the Houston Chronicle, the transition was originally expected to take place around March 2020.[24]

As part of an ongoing lawsuit disputing the investigation and takeover, HISD filed a request for a preliminary injunction to prevent state intervention on October 29.[25] Judge Lee Yeakel of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas denied the injunction on December 18 and remanded the case to a Travis County court.[26][27] On January 8, 2020, Travis County District Judge Catherine Mauzy issued a temporary injunction preventing the TEA from taking over the district until the lawsuit was resolved. Mauzy scheduled the trial for June 22.[28][29] TEA officials filed an appeal with the Texas Third District Court of Appeals on January 9, 2020.[30] The court upheld the injunction on December 30, 2020, returning the issue to the Travis County district court. The Texas Education Association said it would appeal the ruling before the state supreme court.[31] The state supreme court upheld the appellate court's decision on March 19, 2021.[32]

After Morath's announcement, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) stated, "The State of Texas will never give up on our students, nor will we allow Houston ISD's school board to stand in the way of a child and their path to success. I fully support the Texas Education Agency's takeover of HISD and will work with them to give every child a chance at a great education."[33] Zeph Capo, president of the Houston Federation of Teachers, an affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers and the AFL-CIO, said, "This is a power grab to disenfranchise families in Houston—particularly families of color—who just exercised their voice in a democratic vote on control of the city's public schools. Now, the state government wants to step in and ignore that vote and exercise state control over this community because of one below-grade school, when the rest of them are scoring in the top tier in math and reading."[34]

Texas Education Agency investigation

The TEA special accreditation investigation into HISD began in January 2019.[35] Special Investigations Unit Director Jason Hewitt recommended in August 2019 that the state appoint a board of managers for the district due to the elected board's "inability to appropriately govern, inability to operate within the scope of their authority, circumventing the authority of the superintendent, and inability to ensure proper contract procurement laws are followed."[36] Preliminary findings of the TEA investigation included violations such as secret meetings that broke state law, misuse of district property, and school board member overreach.[37]

HISD lawyers filed a complaint against the TEA in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas on August 16 which claimed that school board members' rights were violated and that allegations were not fully investigated.[38] The lawsuit also argued that a state-appointed board would violate the Civil Rights Act, since a majority of voters in the district were people of color.[39]

The TEA's final investigative report was released on October 30. The document included the district's response to the preliminary findings of the investigation, in which HISD lawyers wrote the following:

The findings presented in TEA’s Report are fundamentally flawed because they resulted from an investigation that began with a predetermined result. This meant that instead of conducting a fair and unbiased investigation, TEA’s investigators searched for a problem to use as a pretext for replacing Houston ISD’s elected Board of Trustees with an unelected board of managers.[40]

—Kevin O’Hanlon, Benjamin Castillo, and David Campbell, Special Counsel to Houston ISD[41]


The TEA's recommendation to replace the board remained the same. Hewitt concluded the following in the report's cover letter to the district:

Based on the findings and substantiation of Allegation One, Allegation Two, and Allegation Three, the SIU will recommend to the Commissioner of Education that the accreditation status of the district be lowered, a conservator be appointed, and a Board of Managers be installed in accordance with Tex. Educ. Code §39.057(d) to replace the existing board of trustees due to the HISD Board of Trustees’ demonstrated inability to appropriately govern, inability to operate within the scope of their authority by circumventing the authority of the superintendent, and inability to ensure proper contract procurement laws are followed.[40]

—Jason Hewitt, Special Investigations Unit, TEA[42]


Academic performance

According to preliminary ratings for the 2018-2019 school year, one HISD high school, Wheatley, received a failing grade for the seventh year in a row.[43][44] At the time, the district was under oversight from a conservator appointed by the TEA due to poor academic performance at various schools.[45][36] Texas House Bill 1842 required that the commissioner of education either close a school that received more than five consecutive failing grades or replace the district's board of education.[46] HISD received a waiver from state ratings for the 2017-2018 school year due to Hurricane Harvey.[43]

In a meeting on September 5, 2019, HISD board members voted 7-1 to instruct the interim superintendent, Grenita Lathan, to appeal the failing grade, with Jolanda Jones voting against the appeal and Rhonda Skillern-Jones not present. Carla Stevens, the district's assistant superintendent of research and accountability, stated, "We have tried really, really hard to find anything we can hang out [sic] hat on at Wheatley, and we cannot find anything that would be an allowable appeal that would be granted."[46] Lathan submitted the district's appeal on September 13.[47] Morath denied the appeal on November 5.[48]

Contact information

Houston ISD seal.gif
Houston Independent School District
4400 West 18th St.
Houston, TX 77092-8501
Phone: 713-556-6000

About school boards

Education legislation in Texas

Bills are monitored by BillTrack50 and sorted by action history.

See also

Texas School Board Elections News and Analysis
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External links

Footnotes

  1. Houston Landing, "Texas takeover of Houston ISD complete as Mike Miles named superintendent, board replaced," June 1, 2023
  2. Houston Independent School District, "Jun 08, 2023 Special Board Meetings," June 8, 2023
  3. LinkedIn, "Mike Miles," accessed July 10, 2023
  4. Houston Independent School District, "Superintendent / Homepage," accessed March 26, 2021
  5. HISD News Blog, "HISD Superintendent Richard Carranza accepts new role in NYC," March 5, 2018
  6. Houston Chronicle, "Houston ISD superintendent Richard Carranza leaving for NYC’s top job after 18 months here," March 5, 2018
  7. HISD News Blog, "Richard A. Carranza named HISD superintendent," August 18, 2016
  8. HISD News Blog, "HISD Board of Education names Deputy Superintendent/CFO Ken Huewitt as interim leader of state’s largest district," February 17, 2016
  9. Houston Chronicle, "Grier trailed by both acrimony and accolades," August 29, 2009
  10. 10.0 10.1 Houston Independent School District, "Board Members - Elections," accessed March 26, 2021
  11. Houston Independent School District, "Board Meetings - Public Participation," accessed January 18, 2024
  12. National Center for Education Statistics, "Elementary/Secondary Information System," accessed June 17, 2024
  13. Houston Independent School District, "HISD Compensation Tables," accessed February 4, 2024
  14. Houston Independent School District, "HISD Compensation Tables," accessed March 26, 2021
  15. U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: EDFacts, ""State Assessments in Reading/Language Arts and Mathematics- School Year 2018-19 EDFacts Data Documentation,"" accessed February 25, 2021
  16. 16.0 16.1 Texas Education Agency, "Appointment of Board of Managers," accessed March 23, 2023
  17. Houston Chronicle, "Meet Houston ISD's new board of managers, appointed by the state during takeover," accessed June 19, 2024
  18. The Texas Tribune, "Texas Supreme Court clears way for state’s education agency to take over Houston ISD," January 13, 2023
  19. The Texas Tribune, "State to take over Houston ISD by replacing school board and superintendent," November 6, 2019
  20. KHOU11, "State announces plans to take over HISD after investigation reveals 'serious or persistent deficiencies,'" November 6, 2019
  21. Community Impact, "Houston ISD ratings show progress, but school board could still be replaced," September 3, 2019
  22. Texas Education Agency, "TEA Governance Return to Elected Trustee Control," accessed November 22, 2019
  23. Houston Chronicle, "TEA notifies Houston ISD of intent to replace district’s elected school board," November 6, 2019
  24. Houston Chronicle, "TEA to host community meetings on Houston ISD board takeover," November 8, 2019
  25. Houston Chronicle, "HISD lawyers seek injunction to block TEA takeover, allow superintendent search," October 30, 2019
  26. Houston Chronicle, "Federal judge dismisses HISD lawsuit aimed at stopping takeover," December 18, 2019
  27. Texas Tribune, "Federal judge dismisses Houston ISD lawsuit seeking to avoid state takeover," December 19, 2019
  28. The Texas Tribune, "State judge temporarily blocks Texas from taking over Houston school district," January 8, 2020
  29. Houston Chronicle, "Austin judge temporarily blocks state takeover of HISD school board," January 8, 2020
  30. Houston Chronicle, "TEA appeals injunction blocking it from taking over Houston ISD board," January 9, 2020
  31. Click2Houston, "TEA still blocked from taking over HISD, appeals court rules," December 30, 2020
  32. Houston Chronicle, "HISD board wins another legal battle in fight to stop state takeover," March 19, 2021
  33. ABC13, "HISD's takeover by Texas education brass official," November 7, 2019
  34. American Federation of Teachers, "Educators Question State Takeover of HISD," November 7, 2019
  35. Houston Chronicle, "TEA official: State investigation into HISD could take months," April 6, 2019
  36. 36.0 36.1 Houston Chronicle, "TEA investigative report cites misconduct, recommends replacement of HISD board," August 7, 2019
  37. Houston Public Media, "From Secret Meetings To Free Meals: 10 Reasons Why TEA Is Recommending A State Takeover Of HISD," August 19, 2019
  38. Houston Chronicle, "HISD board fires back at TEA in lawsuit, calls investigation 'one-sided,'" August 19, 2019
  39. San Antonio Express-News, "Harlandale ISD lawyer sees voting rights as defense against TEA," September 13, 2019
  40. 40.0 40.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  41. Houston Independent School District Special Accreditation Investigation, "Appendix 1: Houston ISD’s response to TEA’s preliminary report and request for informal review," October 30, 2019 (page 7)
  42. Texas Education Agency, "Dear President Davila and Interim Superintendent Lathan," October 30, 2019 (page 3)
  43. 43.0 43.1 The Texas Tribune, "Three Texas school districts face state penalties after getting failing grades. Look up your campus' A-F grade here," August 15, 2019
  44. Houston Public Media, "Texas Education Commissioner Puts Houston, Other Districts On Notice For Failing Grades," September 3, 2019
  45. AP, "State opens accreditation investigation of Houston ISD," January 23, 2019
  46. 46.0 46.1 Houston Chronicle, "HISD board orders appeal of Wheatley's failing grade, bucking administration," September 5, 2019
  47. Houston Public Media, "Houston District Appeals School’s Failing Grade, Likely Delaying State Decision On Potential Takeover," September 13, 2019
  48. Houston Public Media, "State Denies HISD’s Appeal Of Wheatley’s ‘F’ Rating, Raising Chance Of State Takeover," November 5, 2019