United States Senate election in Iowa, 2020 (June 2 Democratic primary)

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U.S. Senate, Iowa
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Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: March 13, 2020
Primary: June 2, 2020
General: November 3, 2020
Pre-election incumbent:
Joni Ernst (Republican)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Voting in Iowa
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Toss-up
Inside Elections: Toss-up
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Lean Republican
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2020
See also
U.S. Senate, Iowa
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd • 3rd • 4th
Iowa elections, 2020
U.S. Congress elections, 2020
U.S. Senate elections, 2020
U.S. House elections, 2020

Theresa Greenfield defeated Michael Franken, Kimberly Graham, and Eddie Mauro to win the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate in Iowa on June 2, 2020. Greenfield won 47.8% of the vote to Franken's 25.0%, Graham's 15.0%, and Mauro's 11.0%. Had no candidate received more than 35% of the vote, the Democratic nominee would have been decided at a June 13 party convention.[1]

Greenfield was a real estate developer backed by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, EMILY's List, and 21 unions including the Iowa AFL-CIO.[2] In a campaign ad, she said that her support from labor unions and Democratic Party leaders showed that "she has what it takes to defeat Joni Ernst and hold Trump accountable."[3]

Franken, a retired vice admiral in the U.S. Navy, said that his "rural upbringing, 37 years of military service, and proven track record of distinguished leadership make him the Democrat to beat Joni Ernst."[4] He received endorsements from The Des Moines Register and former U.S. Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel (R).[5][6]

Graham, an advocate and attorney for children in juvenile court, said, "We need more people from working-class backgrounds serving in government, representing the majority of us and not mega-corporations."[7] She received endorsements from Brand New Congress and the National Organization for Women.[8]

Mauro owned an insurance company. He said he "built a progressive business that provides paid family leave, where 65% of leadership are women." He added that "during the Great Recession, [he] took a pay cut [and] didn't lay off any employees."[9] Mauro received endorsements from state Reps. Ruth Ann Gaines (D-32), Ako Abdul-Samad (D-35), Ras Smith (D-62), and Charlie McConkey (D-15).[10]

A fifth candidate, Cal Woods, appeared on the ballot. Woods unofficially withdrew from the primary on May 4, 2020, and endorsed Franken.[11]

The general election was expected to be competitive. Incumbent Sen. Joni Ernst (R) ran for re-election. Ernst was first elected in 2014 following the retirement of Sen. Tom Harkin (D). She defeated Bruce Braley in the general election 52-44%. Heading into the election, Iowa had 31 pivot counties, which were counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. These counties accounted for 26% of the state's population.

During the 2018 midterm elections, Democratic candidates defeated Republican incumbents in two of Iowa's four Congressional Districts, switching the partisan control of U.S. House seats in the state from a Republican 3-1 majority to a Democratic 3-1 majority. In 2020, Democrats sought control of the U.S. Senate, where Republicans held a majority with 53 seats to Democrats' 45. Two independents caucused with Democrats. Click here to learn more about what's at stake in the general election.

Click on candidate names below to view their key messages:


Franken
Graham
Greenfield
Mauro


This page focuses on Iowa's United States Senate Democratic primary. For more in-depth information on the state's Republican primary and the general election, see the following pages:

Republican Party United States Senate election in Iowa, 2020 (June 2 Republican primary)
Independent United States Senate election in Iowa, 2020

Election procedure changes in 2020

See also: Changes to election dates, procedures, and administration in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020

Ballotpedia provided comprehensive coverage of how election dates and procedures changed in 2020. While the majority of changes occurred as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some changes occurred for other reasons.

Iowa modified its primary election process as follows:

  • Voting procedures: Absentee ballot application forms sent to all registered voters in the primary election. The absentee voting period was extended to open on April 23.

For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.


Candidates and election results

Democratic primary election
Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Iowa

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Theresa Greenfield
Theresa Greenfield
 
47.7
 
132,001
Image of Michael Franken
Michael Franken Candidate Connection
 
24.9
 
68,851
Image of Kimberly Graham
Kimberly Graham Candidate Connection
 
15.0
 
41,554
Image of Eddie Mauro
Eddie Mauro
 
11.0
 
30,400
Image of Cal Woods
Cal Woods (Unofficially withdrew) Candidate Connection
 
1.2
 
3,372
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.2
 
514

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 276,692
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Candidate profiles

This section includes candidate profiles created in one of two ways. Either the candidate completed Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection survey or Ballotpedia staff created a profile after identifying the candidate as noteworthy.[12] Ballotpedia staff compiled profiles based on campaign websites, advertisements, and public statements.

Michael Franken

Image of Michael Franken

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Submitted Biography:  "I'm a retired vice admiral running for United States Senate to defeat Joni Ernst. I was born in rural Iowa. I spent the 80s and sea, the 90s in Washington D.C, and the 2000s fighting our wars on terror from the field and the capitol. I have a career of leading and succeeding around the world. In 2002, I was the only member of the Iraq War planning board to vote no on that war. That was a bad war then, and it remains one. If there had been courage in that room, perhaps our history would be different. When Donald Trump was elected, I retired because I did not want to work for Donald Trump. And in 2018, I knew I had to run for office because if he wins again, we had best own the Senate. I'm running to provide principled, experienced leadership for Iowans and Americans."

Key Messages

To read this candidate's full survey responses, click here.

Ensure every American has the quality of healthcare than an admiral enjoys

Enlist Iowa's farmers to beat climate change in this generation

Roll back the special interests that captured Joni Ernst

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Iowa in 2020.

Kimberly Graham

Image of Kimberly Graham

WebsiteFacebookTwitter

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Submitted Biography:  "I'm a single mom with a 20-year son, Max. For 20 years I've also been an advocate and attorney for abused or neglected kids and parents in juvenile court. I'm running for office for Max, for all the kids I've represented, for all of us. Because it's time that one of us, represented us. My dad was one of 15 kids from a poor family. My mom was a teenager when she had me, dropped out of high school, then later got her GED. My parents lucked out, both found union jobs and retired from those jobs. My grandfather, my son's father and stepdad were or are all union workers. I was a union reorganized volunteer with the APFA, the American Airlines flight attendants' union. I've walked a picket line and fought for better wages and conditions for flight attends. We need more and stronger unions, too. Unions are one way we help balance power between workers and companies and it's hp we grow the middle class. I've been working non-stop since I was 14. I've waitressed, cleaned houses, worked in a dry cleaner, a retail store, and been a teacher and a teaching assistant. I worked 3 part-time jobs at times while in college until I became a flight attendant and then I worked all weekends and went to school during the week. I wanted to help people for a living, went to law school and took out student loans that I'm still paying on. I know what it's like to work hard in the wealthiest nation on earth and still not get ahead. America can do better and we will flip the Senate."

Key Messages

To read this candidate's full survey responses, click here.

People over Profits.

Healthcare is a human right. In the wealthiest Nation on Earth, everyone should be able to live a life of health and dignity.

Until we get Big Money out of politics, things won't change. That is why I am not taking corporate PAC or corporate lobbyist money.

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Iowa in 2020.

Theresa Greenfield

Image of Theresa Greenfield

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Biography:  Greenfield received a bachelor's degree from Minnesota State University, Mankato, in 1991. She worked as a regional and urban planner from 1992 to 2005. From 2005 to 2011, she worked as the director of real estate and division of Rottlund Homes of Iowa. Greenfield became president of Colby Interests, a Des Moines-area real estate and development company, in 2012.


Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

Greenfield said she refused corporate PAC donations and highlighted her support from the Iowa AFL-CIO and elected officials like Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.). She said their support showed that "she has what it takes to defeat Joni Ernst and hold Trump accountable."

Greenfield referenced living and working on a family farm. She said she would end "these irresponsible tariffs, unfair ethanol policies, and ensure we stand with our agricultural communities."

Greenfield discussed the job-related death of her first husband, an electrician, when she was 24, saying, "It was Social Security and union benefits ... that gave me that hand up that I needed to get started." She said that she was "committed to protecting Social Security against partisan attacks."

Show sources

Sources: YouTube, "Commitment 2020 Senate Forum Pt. 1," May 19, 2020, YouTube, "Support," May 20, 2020, YouTube, "Knock," May 18, 2020, Greenfield's 2020 campaign website, "About Theresa," accessed May 22, 2020, Greenfield's 2020 campaign website, "Growing Opportunity in Rural Iowa," accessed May 22, 2020; LinkedIn, "Theresa Greenfield," accessed May 21, 2020

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Iowa in 2020.

Eddie Mauro

Image of Eddie Mauro

WebsiteFacebookTwitterYouTube

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: No

Political Office: None

Biography:  Mauro received a bachelor's degree in education from Simpson College and a certificate of theology from Creighton University. He was a founding member of A Mid-Iowa Organizing Strategy (AMOS), a social justice advocacy group. Mauro worked as a teacher and baseball coach in the Des Moines area before founding Universal Insurance Group in 2000.


Key Messages

The following key messages were curated by Ballotpedia staff. For more on how we identify key messages, click here.

Mauro mentioned his business experience and criticized Theresa Greenfield's (D). He said he "built a progressive business that provides paid family leave, where 65% of leadership are women" and that "during the Great Recession, I took a pay cut [and] didn't lay off any employees." He said Greenfield laid-off employees during the same time period.

Mauro described himself as having progressive values. He said he supported "healthcare-for-all and a woman's right to choose." Mauro also said he opposed privatized social security and refused corporate PAC donations.

Mauro said he would "treat the climate crisis like the national security threat that it is," and that he supported the Green New Deal.

Show sources

Sources: YouTube, "Commitment 2020 Senate Forum Pt. 1," May 19, 2020, YouTube, "Theresa Greenfield is 'Not a Leader,'" May 19, 2020; The Des Moines Register, "Eddie Mauro, Democratic candidate for the 3rd District, influenced by a Catholic nun," May 28, 2018, LinkedIn, "Eddie Mauro," accessed May 21, 2020

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Iowa in 2020.


Endorsements

This section lists endorsements issued in this election. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.

Michael Franken[5]

For a full list of endorsements maintained by Franken's campaign, click here.

Kimberly Graham[8]

For a full list of endorsements maintained by Graham's campaign, click here.

Theresa Greenfield[2][3]

For a full list of endorsements maintained by Greenfield's campaign, click here.

Eddie Mauro[10]

For a full list of endorsements maintained by Mauro's campaign, click here.

Timeline

2020

Campaign advertisements

This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.

Michael Franken

"Ready" - Franken campaign ad, released May 11, 2020[25]


Kimberly Graham

A sample ad from the candidate's Facebook page is embedded below.[19] Click here to see the candidate's Facebook Video page.


Theresa Greenfield

"Really" - Greenfield campaign ad, released May 26, 2020[22]
"Support" - Greenfield campaign ad, released May 20, 2020[3]
"Knock" - Grenfield campaign ad, released May 18, 2020[26]


Eddie Mauro

Supporting Mauro

"Tomorrow" - Mauro campaign ad, released May 19, 2020[27]
"Breaking Free" - Mauro campaign ad, released May 5, 2020[28]
"Cool Under Fire" - Mauro campaign ad, released December 5, 2019[29]


Opposing Greenfield

"Theresa Greenfield is 'Not a Leader'" - Mauro campaign ad, released May 19, 2020[30]
"Choose Wisely" - Mauro campaign ad, released May 5, 2020[31]

Satellite group ads

See also: Satellite spending

Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
U.S. Senate election in Iowa, 2020: Democratic primary election polls
Poll Date Franken Graham Greenfield Mauro Other Margin of error Sample size Sponsor
Public Policy Polling May 5-6 12% 4% 43% 4% 36% 3.4%[32] 849 Gerald Huff for Humanity Fund

Campaign finance

This section contains campaign finance figures from the Federal Election Commission covering all candidate fundraising and spending in this election.[33] It does not include information on fundraising before the current campaign cycle or on spending by satellite groups. The numbers in this section are updated as candidates file new campaign finance reports. Candidates for Congress are required to file financial reports on a quarterly basis, as well as two weeks before any primary, runoff, or general election in which they will be on the ballot and upon the termination of any campaign committees.[34] The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.

Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Michael Franken Democratic Party $982,352 $982,352 $0 As of September 8, 2020
Kimberly Graham Democratic Party $294,725 $296,302 $0 As of December 31, 2020
Theresa Greenfield Democratic Party $56,358,302 $56,328,076 $30,236 As of December 31, 2020
Eddie Mauro Democratic Party $5,067,233 $5,063,938 $3,295 As of December 31, 2020

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2020. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.


Satellite spending

See also: Satellite spending

Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[35][36][37]

This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.

The following information was gathered from FEC reports and was accurate as of May 30, 2020:

  • Women Vote!, a branch of EMILY's List, spent $1,165,440.11 supporting and opposing various candidates:[20]
    • $919,202 opposing Franken in the form of a television ad.
    • $186,291.42 opposing Mauro with ads and mailers.
    • $59,946.69 supporting Greenfield with mailers.

Debates and forums

May 18 debate

On May 18, 2020, Franken, Graham, Greenfield, and Mauro participated in a debate broadcasted live on Iowa PBS.[9]

Official recording, May 18, 2020, debate - Iowa PBS

Click the links below for summaries of the debate from:

May 16 candidate forum

On May 16, Franken, Graham, Greenfield, and Mauro participated in a candidate forum hosted by KCCI over the Zoom meeting application.[38]

Official recording, May 16, 2020, candidate forum part 1 - KCCI
Official recording, May 16, 2020, candidate forum part 2 - KCCI

April 26 candidate forum

On April 26, Franken, Graham, Greenfield, Mauro, and Woods participated in a candidate forum regarding rural issues hosted by the Southwest Iowa Democrats over the Zoom meeting application.[39]



Click the links below for a summary of the debate from:

April 19 candidate forum

On April 19, Franken, Graham, Greenfield, Mauro, and Woods participated in a candidate forum hosted by the Johnson County Democrats over the Zoom meeting application.[40]

Official recording, April 19, 2020, candidate forum - Potluck Insurgency

Click the links below for a summary of the forum from:

Primaries in Iowa

A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. In Iowa, a voter must be affiliated with a party in order to participate in its primary. However, a voter can change his or her political party affiliation on Election Day, creating what is effectively an open primary.[41]

For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

What's at stake in the general election?

U.S. Senate elections were held on November 3, 2020, and coincide with the 2020 presidential election. Thirty-three of the Senate's 100 seats were up for regular election in November. There were also two special elections in 2020. The results determined control of the U.S. Senate in the 117th Congress.

At the time of the election, the Republican Party had a 53-seat Senate majority, while Democrats had 45 seats. There were also two independents who caucus with the Democratic Party. Republicans faced greater partisan risk than Democrats in 2020 because they were defending 23 seats compared to 12 for the Democrats. Both parties had two incumbents representing states the opposite party's presidential nominee won in 2016.

In 2018, Democrats and Democratic-caucusing independents defended 26 of the 35 seats up for election, while Republicans defended the other nine. Republicans won 11 seats to the Democrats' 24, for a GOP net gain of two.

In the 24 previous Senate elections that coincided with a presidential election, the president's party had gained Senate seats in 16 elections and lost seats in nine. In years where the president's party gained seats, the average gain was three seats. In years where the president's party lost seats, the average loss was five seats. Click here for more information on presidential partisanship and down-ballot outcomes.


General election race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

  • Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
  • Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
  • Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[42]
  • Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[43][44][45]

Race ratings: U.S. Senate election in Iowa, 2020
Race trackerRace ratings
November 3, 2020October 27, 2020October 20, 2020October 13, 2020
The Cook Political ReportToss-upToss-upToss-upToss-up
Inside Elections with Nathan L. GonzalesToss-upToss-upToss-upToss-up
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal BallLean RepublicanLean DemocraticLean DemocraticToss-up
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every week throughout the election season.

Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

Thirty-one of 99 Iowa counties—31 percent—are Pivot Counties. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008
County Trump margin of victory in 2016 Obama margin of victory in 2012 Obama margin of victory in 2008
Allamakee County, Iowa 24.15% 4.17% 14.25%
Boone County, Iowa 13.69% 6.64% 7.63%
Bremer County, Iowa 13.68% 2.68% 9.31%
Buchanan County, Iowa 15.02% 13.87% 18.48%
Cedar County, Iowa 17.78% 4.59% 9.64%
Cerro Gordo County, Iowa 7.66% 13.38% 20.83%
Chickasaw County, Iowa 22.94% 11.07% 20.74%
Clarke County, Iowa 28.02% 1.47% 2.25%
Clayton County, Iowa 22.78% 7.03% 17.17%
Clinton County, Iowa 5.12% 22.84% 23.03%
Des Moines County, Iowa 6.89% 18.41% 23.04%
Dubuque County, Iowa 1.23% 14.71% 20.77%
Fayette County, Iowa 19.36% 11.96% 16.60%
Floyd County, Iowa 14.84% 14.63% 21.88%
Howard County, Iowa 20.49% 20.95% 25.78%
Jackson County, Iowa 19.27% 16.89% 24.39%
Jasper County, Iowa 18.13% 7.07% 7.50%
Jefferson County, Iowa 0.47% 15.97% 20.23%
Jones County, Iowa 19.08% 7.78% 10.40%
Lee County, Iowa 16.02% 15.49% 16.01%
Louisa County, Iowa 28.37% 0.64% 4.25%
Marshall County, Iowa 8.31% 9.36% 9.35%
Mitchell County, Iowa 24.04% 3.37% 12.31%
Muscatine County, Iowa 6.26% 15.88% 15.64%
Poweshiek County, Iowa 6.53% 9.35% 11.75%
Tama County, Iowa 20.28% 7.43% 12.19%
Union County, Iowa 27.49% 3.86% 3.70%
Wapello County, Iowa 20.60% 11.88% 13.53%
Webster County, Iowa 21.52% 5.84% 8.51%
Winneshiek County, Iowa 0.79% 14.74% 22.65%
Worth County, Iowa 21.68% 14.53% 22.42%

In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Iowa with 51.1 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 41.7 percent. In presidential elections between 1848 and 2016, Iowa voted Republican 69.76 percent of the time and Democratic 30.23 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, Iowa voted Democratic three times and Republican the other two times.[46]

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Iowa. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[47][48]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 61 out of 100 state House districts in Iowa with an average margin of victory of 19.1 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 35 out of 100 state House districts in Iowa with an average margin of victory of 18.8 points. Clinton won four districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 39 out of 100 state House districts in Iowa with an average margin of victory of 13.3 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 65 out of 100 state House districts in Iowa with an average margin of victory of 24.5 points. Trump won 10 districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections.


Election history

2016

U.S. Senate, Iowa General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngChuck Grassley Incumbent 60.1% 926,007
     Democratic Patty Judge 35.7% 549,460
     Libertarian Charles Aldrich 2.7% 41,794
     New Independent Party Iowa Jim Hennager 1.1% 17,649
     Independent Michael Luick-Thrams 0.3% 4,441
     N/A Write-in 0.1% 1,685
Total Votes 1,541,036
Source: Iowa Secretary of State

2014

U.S. Senate, Iowa General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJoni Ernst 52.1% 588,575
     Democratic Bruce Braley 43.8% 494,370
     Independent Rick Stewart 2.4% 26,815
     Libertarian Douglas Butzier 0.7% 8,232
     Independent Ruth Smith 0.5% 5,873
     Independent Bob Quast 0.4% 4,724
     Write-in Other 0.1% 1,111
Total Votes 1,129,700
Source: Iowa Secretary of State Official Results

2010

U.S. Senate, Iowa General Election, 2010
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngChuck Grassley Incumbent 64.4% 718,215
     Democratic Roxanne Conlin 33.3% 371,686
     Libertarian John Heiderscheit 2.3% 25,290
Total Votes 1,115,191

See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Wall Street Journal, "Iowa Is Back in Limelight With Closely Watched Political Primaries," May 30, 2020
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Greenfield's 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed May 21, 2020
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 YouTube, "Support," May 20, 2020
  4. ↑ Franken's 2020 campaign website, "Home," accessed May 22, 2020
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Franken's 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed May 21, 2020
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Omaha World-Herald, "The Public Pulse: Davis essay rang true; Hagel supports Franken; Trump is the real threat," May 28, 2020
  7. ↑ Graham's 2020 campaign website, "Meet Kim," accessed May 22, 2020
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Graham's 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed May 21, 2020
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 YouTube, "Iowa Press Debates: U.S. Senate Democratic Primary," May 18, 2020
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mauro's 2020 campaign website, "Endorsements," accessed May 21, 2020
  11. ↑ Radio Iowa, "Cal Woods ends U.S. Senate campaign, endorses Franken," May 4, 2020
  12. ↑ Candidate Connection surveys completed before September 26, 2019, were not used to generate candidate profiles. In battleground primaries, Ballotpedia based its selection of noteworthy candidates on polling, fundraising, and noteworthy endorsements. In battleground general elections, all major party candidates and any other candidates with the potential to impact the outcome of the race were included.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Facebook, "Chuck Isenhart," May 23, 2020
  14. ↑ Facebook, "Mike Franken," May 28, 2020
  15. ↑ Facebook, "Mike Franken," May 28, 2020
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 The Storm Lake Times, "Franken for Senate," May 22, 2020
  17. ↑ Email communication with Serve America PAC dated June 25, 2020.
  18. ↑ The Hill, "Progressive group backs Senate candidates in Georgia, Iowa," February 12, 2020
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Facebook, "Outside Spending," June 1, 2020
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Federal Election Commission, "Independent expenditures," accessed May 30, 2020
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 YouTube, "Critical," May 28, 2020
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 YouTube, "Really," May 26, 2020
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 YouTube, "Ask," May 22, 2020
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 YouTube, "Stuggled," May 20, 2020
  25. ↑ YouTube, "Ready," May 11, 2020
  26. ↑ YouTube, "Knock," May 18, 2020
  27. ↑ YouTube, "Tomorrow," May 19, 2020
  28. ↑ YouTube, "Breaking Free," May 5, 2020
  29. ↑ YouTube, "Cool Under Fire," December 5, 2019
  30. ↑ YouTube, "Theresa Greenfield is 'Not a Leader,'" May 19, 2020
  31. ↑ YouTube, "Choose Wisely," May 5, 2020
  32. ↑ Doug Kronaizl, "Email correspondence with Tom Jensen," May 21, 2020
  33. ↑ Fundraising by primary candidates can be found on the race's respective primary election page. Fundraising by general election candidates can be found on the race's general election page.
  34. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2022 Quarterly Reports," accessed March 2, 2022
  35. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
  36. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
  37. ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
  38. ↑ YouTube, "Commitment 2020 Senate Forum Pt. 1," May 19, 2020
  39. ↑ Facebook, "Iowa US Senate Democrat Candidates Rural Forum," April 26, 2020
  40. ↑ YouTube, "Potluck Insurgency Forum April 19, 2020," April 20, 2020
  41. ↑ Iowa Secretary of State Website, "Voter Registration FAQ," accessed August 9, 2024
  42. ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
  43. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
  44. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
  45. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
  46. ↑ 270towin.com, "Iowa," accessed June 1, 2017
  47. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  48. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017


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