Separate-vote requirement for constitutional amendments

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A separate-vote requirement is a constitutional provision featured in 32 state constitutions requiring that proposed constitutional amendments placed on statewide ballots must be decided by voters as separate ballot questions. In some states, constitutional amendments have been overturned after courts found that the amendments violated the state constitution's separate-vote requirement.

There is a similar rule called the single-subject rule that requires ballot initiatives, not legislative referrals, to address a single subject, topic, or issue. Of the 26 states with some type of statewide citizen-initiated measure, 16 have a single-subject rule. Of the 32 states that have a separate-vote requirement, 14 have a single-subject rule.

HIGHLIGHTS
  • Separate-vote requirements and Marsy's Law Amendments: In Montana (2017) and Pennsylvania (2021), state supreme courts held that Marsy's Law, a type of crime victims' rights amendment, violated the states' separate-vote requirements. In Wisconsin (2023), the Wisconsin Supreme Court upheld a 2020 Marsy's Law Amendment finding that it did not violate the state's separate-vote requirement.
  • Requirements by state

    Thirty-two states have a separate-vote requirement in their state constitutions for proposed constitutional amendments. The following map shows which states have the requirement:

    See also

    Footnotes