Congressional apportionment after the 2020 census
From Ballotpedia
On April 26, 2021, the U.S. Census Bureau released its post-2020 census apportionment counts. Apportionment is the process whereby the 435 districts in the U.S. House of Representatives are allotted to the states on the basis of population.[1] Six states (Texas, Colorado, Florida, Montana, North Carolina, and Oregon) gained seats. Seven states (California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia) lost seats.[2]
This article includes the following information:
- The census, apportionment, and redistricting data: Background information on the U.S. Census and its role in congressional apportionment and redistricting.
- Overview: Information about how many congressional districts were allotted to the states after both the 2020 and 2010 censuses.
The census, apportionment, and redistricting data
- See also: United States census, 2020
Every ten years, the United States conducts the census, a complete count of the U.S. population. The data gleaned from the census process determines congressional apportionment (i.e., the number of seats each state has in the U.S. House of Representatives). Article I, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution requires that congressional representatives be apportioned to the states on the basis of population. Consequently, a state may gain seats in the House if its population grows or lose seats if its population decreases, relative to populations in other states. There are 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Federal law requires that congressional districts have substantially equal populations.[3]
Timeline of key developments
- April 26, 2021: The U.S. Census Bureau released apportionment counts.[1][2]
- January 27, 2021: Kathleen Styles, a U.S. Census Bureau official, announced that the bureau intended to deliver its final apportionment report by April 30, 2021. The original deadline for delivering the apportionment report was December 31, 2020.[4]
- January 20, 2021: President Joe Biden (D) issued an executive order directing the Secretary of Commerce to include in the final apportionment report the "tabulation of total population by State that reflects the whole number of persons whose usual residence was in each State as of the designated census date in section 141(a) of title 13, United States Code, without regard to immigration status." This effectively overturned President Donald Trump's (R) earlier directive to the contrary.[5]
- November 19, 2020: U.S. Census Bureau Director Steve Dillingham announced that, "during post-collection processing, certain processing anomalies [had] been discovered." Dillingham said that he had directed the bureau "to utilize all resources available to resolve this as expeditiously as possible."[6] Also on November 19, 2020, The New York Times reported that "a growing number of snags in the massive data-processing operation that generates population totals had delayed the completion of population calculations at least until January 26, [2021], and perhaps to mid-February."[7]
For more detailed information about the 2020 census, click here.
Overview
| Congressional apportionment after the 2020 census | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | 2020 population | Post-2020 apportionment[8] | Post-2010 apportionment[2] | Net change, 2010 to 2020 |
| Alabama | 5,030,053 | 7 | 7 | 0 |
| Alaska | 736,081 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Arizona | 7,158,923 | 9 | 9 | 0 |
| Arkansas | 3,013,756 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| California | 39,576,757 | 52 | 53 | -1 |
| Colorado | 5,782,171 | 8 | 7 | 1 |
| Connecticut | 3,608,298 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| Delaware | 990,837 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Florida | 21,570,527 | 28 | 27 | 1 |
| Georgia | 10,725,274 | 14 | 14 | 0 |
| Hawaii | 1,460,137 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Idaho | 1,841,377 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Illinois | 12,822,739 | 17 | 18 | -1 |
| Indiana | 6,790,280 | 9 | 9 | 0 |
| Iowa | 3,192,406 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Kansas | 2,940,865 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Kentucky | 4,509,342 | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| Louisiana | 4,661,468 | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| Maine | 1,363,582 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Maryland | 6,185,278 | 8 | 8 | 0 |
| Massachusetts | 7,033,469 | 9 | 9 | 0 |
| Michigan | 10,084,442 | 13 | 14 | -1 |
| Minnesota | 5,709,752 | 8 | 8 | 0 |
| Mississippi | 2,963,914 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Missouri | 6,160,281 | 8 | 8 | 0 |
| Montana | 1,085,407 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Nebraska | 1,963,333 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Nevada | 3,108,462 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| New Hampshire | 1,379,089 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| New Jersey | 9,294,493 | 12 | 12 | 0 |
| New Mexico | 2,120,220 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| New York | 20,215,751 | 26 | 27 | -1 |
| North Carolina | 10,453,948 | 14 | 13 | 1 |
| North Dakota | 779,702 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ohio | 11,808,848 | 15 | 16 | -1 |
| Oklahoma | 3,963,516 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| Oregon | 4,241,500 | 6 | 5 | 1 |
| Pennsylvania | 13,011,844 | 17 | 18 | -1 |
| Rhode Island | 1,098,163 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| South Carolina | 5,124,712 | 7 | 7 | 0 |
| South Dakota | 887,770 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tennessee | 6,916,897 | 9 | 9 | 0 |
| Texas | 29,183,290 | 38 | 36 | 2 |
| Utah | 3,275,252 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Vermont | 643,503 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Virginia | 8,654,542 | 11 | 11 | 0 |
| Washington | 7,715,946 | 10 | 10 | 0 |
| West Virginia | 1,795,045 | 2 | 3 | -1 |
| Wisconsin | 5,897,473 | 8 | 8 | 0 |
| Wyoming | 577,719 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Seats gained and lost in 2010 and 2020
The tables below show the number of seats gained and lost after the 2010 and 2020 census.[9][10]
| Seats gained and lost in the U.S. House of Representatives, 2020 census | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State | Seats gained | State | Seats lost |
| Texas | 2 | California | 1 |
| Colorado | 1 | Illinois | 1 |
| Florida | 1 | Michigan | 1 |
| Montana | 1 | New York | 1 |
| North Carolina | 1 | Ohio | 1 |
| Oregon | 1 | Pennsylvania | 1 |
| West Virginia | 1 | ||
| Seats gained and lost in the U.S. House of Representatives, 2010 census | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State | Seats gained | State | Seats lost |
| Texas | 4 | New York | 2 |
| Florida | 2 | Ohio | 2 |
| Arizona | 1 | Illinois | 1 |
| Georgia | 1 | Iowa | 1 |
| Nevada | 1 | Louisiana | 1 |
| South Carolina | 1 | Massachusetts | 1 |
| Utah | 1 | Michigan | 1 |
| Washington | 1 | Missouri | 1 |
| New Jersey | 1 | ||
| Pennsylvania | 1 | ||
See also
- United States census, 2020
- Redistricting lawsuits in the 2020 redistricting cycle
- State legislative and congressional redistricting after the 2020 census
- Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census
- State legislative district maps implemented after the 2020 census
External links
- United States Census Bureau, "2010 Census Apportionment Results," December 2010
- United States Census Bureau, "2020 Census Apportionment Results Delivered to the President," April 26, 2021
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 United States Census Bureau, "Census Bureau to Release 2020 Census Population Counts for Apportionment," April 26, 2021
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 United States Census Bureau, "2020 Census Apportionment Results Delivered to the President," April 26, 2021
- ↑ NCSL, "Redistricting and Use of Census Data," July 8, 2019
- ↑ Associated Press, "US House data not ready until April, states’ data after July," January 27, 2021
- ↑ The White House, "Executive Order on Ensuring a Lawful and Accurate Enumeration and Apportionment Pursuant to the Decennial Census," January 20, 2021
- ↑ United States Census Bureau, "Statement from Census Bureau Director Steve Dillingham," November 19, 2020
- ↑ The New York Times, "Census Officials Say They Can’t Meet Trump’s Deadline for Population Count," November 19, 2020
- ↑ United States Census Bureau, "2010 Census Apportionment Results," December 2010
- ↑ United States Census Bureau, "Table D1. Number of Seats Gained and Lost in U.S. House of Representatives by State: 2020 Census," accessed April 27, 2021
- ↑ United States Census Bureau, "Table D1. Number of Seats Gained and Lost in U.S. House of Representatives by State: 2010 Census," accessed April 27, 2021