Constitutional rights ballot measures

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As a state ballot measure topic, constitutional rights refer to amendments that change a state constitution’s bill or declaration of rights or establish specific rights. The topic is grouped within the governance policy area.

This page provides information on:

Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2025 ballot measures and 2026 ballot measures
The following is a list of state ballot measures related to constitutional rights certified for this year and future elections:

List of ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to constitutional rights, organized by year or state.

2026

  1. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2026) - On the ballot

2024

  1. Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) Approved
  2. California Proposition 3, Right to Marry and Repeal Proposition 8 Amendment (2024) Approved
  3. Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024) Approved
  4. Florida Amendment 2, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2024) Approved
  5. Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) Defeated
  6. Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024) Approved
  7. Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024) Approved
  8. Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) Approved
  9. Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) Defeated
  10. Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) Approved
  11. New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024) Approved
  12. South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024) Defeated
  13. West Virginia Amendment 1, Prohibit "Medically-Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and Mercy Killing" Measure (2024) Approved

2023

  1. Louisiana Amendment 2, Constitutional Right to Worship in a Church or Place of Worship Amendment (October 2023) Approved
  2. Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023) Approved
  3. Texas Proposition 1, Right to Farming, Ranching, Timber Production, Horticulture, and Wildlife Management Amendment (2023) Approved

2022

  1. Arkansas Issue 3, Government Burden of Free Exercise of Religion Amendment (2022) Defeated
  2. California Proposition 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2022) Approved
  3. Illinois Amendment 1, Right to Collective Bargaining Measure (2022) Approved
  4. Iowa Amendment 1, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (2022) Approved
  5. Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022) Defeated
  6. Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment (2022) Defeated
  7. Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2022) Approved
  8. Montana C-48, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2022) Approved
  9. Nevada Question 1, Equality of Rights Amendment (2022) Approved
  10. Oregon Measure 111, Right to Healthcare Amendment (2022) Approved
  11. Vermont Proposal 5, Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2022) Approved

2021

  1. Maine Question 3, Right to Produce, Harvest, and Consume Food Amendment (2021) Approved
  2. New York Proposal 2, Environmental Rights Amendment (2021) Approved
  3. Pennsylvania Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Race or Ethnicity Amendment (May 2021) Approved
  4. Texas Proposition 3, Prohibition on Limiting Religious Services or Organizations Amendment (2021) Approved
  5. Texas Proposition 6, Right to Designated Essential Caregiver Amendment (2021) Approved

2020

  1. Michigan Proposal 2, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2020) Approved
  2. Utah Constitutional Amendment C, Remove Slavery as Punishment for a Crime from Constitution Amendment (2020) Approved
  3. Utah Constitutional Amendment E, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2020) Approved

2018

  1. Alabama Amendment 1, Ten Commandments Amendment (2018) Approved
  2. Colorado Amendment A, Removal of Exception to Slavery Prohibition for Criminals Amendment (2018) Approved
  3. New Hampshire Question 2, Right to Live Free from Governmental Intrusion in Private and Personal Information Amendment (2018) Approved
  4. North Carolina Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2018) Approved

2016

  1. Colorado Removal of Exception to Slavery Prohibition for Criminals, Amendment T (2016) Defeated
  2. Indiana Right to Hunt and Fish, Public Question 1 (2016) Approved
  3. Kansas Right to Hunt and Fish, Constitutional Amendment 1 (2016) Approved
  4. Oklahoma Right to Farm Amendment, State Question 777 (2016) Defeated

2015

  1. Texas Right to Hunt, Fish and Harvest Amendment, Proposition 6 (2015) Approved

2014

  1. Alabama Right to Hunt and Fish, Amendment 5 (2014) Approved
  2. Mississippi Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment, HCR 30 (2014) Approved
  3. Missouri Electronic Data Protection, Amendment 9 (August 2014) Approved
  4. Missouri Right-to-Farm, Amendment 1 (August 2014) Approved
  5. Missouri Right to Bear Arms, Amendment 5 (August 2014) Approved
  6. Oregon Measure 89, Equal Rights for Women Amendment (2014) Approved

2012

  1. Alabama Healthcare Amendment, Amendment 6 (2012) Approved
  2. Idaho Hunting and Fishing Amendment, HJR 2 (2012) Approved
  3. Kentucky Hunting and Fishing Amendment, House Bill 1 (2012) Approved
  4. Missouri Amendment 2, Public Prayer and Public School Students’ Religious Expressions Measure (August 2012) Approved
  5. Nebraska Hunting and Fishing Amendment, Amendment 2 (2012) Approved
  6. North Dakota Farming and Ranching Amendment, Measure 3 (2012) Approved
  7. Wyoming Constitutional Amendment A, Right to Make Healthcare Decisions and Direct Healthcare Payments Amendment (2012) Approved
  8. Wyoming Hunting Rights Amendment, Constitutional Amendment B (2012) Approved

2010

  1. Arizona Proposition 109, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2010) Defeated
  2. Arkansas Hunting Rights, Proposed Amendment 1 (2010) Approved
  3. Colorado Amendment 63, Healthcare Choice and Coverage Initiative (2010) Defeated
  4. Kansas Right to Bear Arms Question, Constitutional Amendment Question 1 (2010) Approved
  5. Oklahoma State Question 756, Prohibit Mandatory Participation in Healthcare System Amendment (2010) Approved
  6. South Carolina Hunting and Fishing Amendment, Amendment 1 (2010) Approved
  7. Tennessee Hunting Rights Amendment (2010) Approved

2008

  1. Arizona Proposition 101, Right to Choose Private Health Care and Pay Directly for Medical Services Amendment (2008) Defeated
  2. Florida Amendment 1, Property Possession Amendment (2008) Defeated
  3. Nebraska Measure 424, Affirmative Action Initiative (2008) Approved
  4. Oklahoma State Question 742, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2008) Approved

2006

  1. Georgia Right to Fish and Hunt, Amendment 2 (2006) Approved

2005

  1. Maine Reject Extension of Civil Rights Protections Regardless of Sexual Orientation, Question 1 (2005) Defeated

2004

  1. California Proposition 59, Right to Access Public Information and Meetings Amendment (2004) Approved
  2. California Proposition 71, Stem Cell Research Initiative (2004) Approved
  3. Louisiana Right to Hunt, Fish and Trap Amendment, Question 1 (2004) Approved
  4. Montana Right to Wild Game Hunting and Fishing, C-41 (2004) Approved
  5. Nevada Question 7, Constitution Language on Voting Amendment (2004) Approved

2003

  1. Pennsylvania Question 1, Interactions Between Accused Individuals and Witnesses Amendment (2003) Approved
  2. Wisconsin Question 1, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (April 2003) Approved

2002

  1. California Proposition 43, Constitutional Right to Have One's Vote Counted Amendment (March 2002) Approved

2001

  1. New York Gender-Neutral Language Amendment, Proposal 1 (2001) Approved

2000

  1. Maine Civil Rights and Prevent Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation, Question 6 (2000) Defeated
  2. North Dakota Right to Hunt, Trap and Fish, Measure 1 (2000) Approved
  3. Virginia Question 2, Right to Hunt, Fish, and Harvest Game Amendment (2000) Approved

1998

  1. Florida Amendment 9, Revision to Declaration of Rights Amendment (1998) Approved
  2. Idaho Voting for Persons Under Guardianship, SJR 105 (1998) Approved
  3. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights for Men and Women Measure (1998) Approved
  4. Maine Repeal of Ban Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination, Question 1 (1998) Approved
  5. Nebraska Amendment 1, Equal Protection Amendment (1998) Approved
  6. Wisconsin Question 2, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (1998) Approved

1997

  1. Washington Initiative 677, Sexual Orientation Anti-Discrimination Measure (1997) Defeated

1996

  1. Colorado Amendment 17, Parental Right to Direct Upbringing, Education, and Discipline of Children Initiative (1996) Defeated
  2. Nebraska Initiative Measure 411, Establish Education as a Fundamental Right Amendment (1996) Defeated
  3. Oregon Measure 39, Right to Receive Services from Chosen Category of Healthcare Provider Initiative (1996) Defeated

1995

  1. Maine Limiting Protected Classifications, Question 1 (1995) Defeated

1994

  1. Colorado Amendment 16, Freedom of Expression Initiative (1994) Defeated
  2. Oregon Measure 19, Exempt Free Speech Protection for Obscenity and Child Pornography Initiative (1994) Defeated
  3. Oregon Measure 7, Equal Protection of Law Initiative (1994) Defeated

1992

  1. Illinois Fundamental Right to Education and Equality of Educational Opportunity Amendment (1992) Defeated
  2. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Gender Measure (1992) Defeated
  3. Nevada Question 3, Voting and Officeholding Provision Amendment (1992) Approved
  4. North Dakota Vehicle Searches, Measure 6 (1992) Defeated

1990

  1. Arizona Proposition 104, Victims' Rights Amendment (1990) Approved
  2. Hawaii Repeal of Fractional Voting, Amendment 4 (1990) Approved
  3. Mississippi Administration of Prisons, Amendment 2 (1990) Approved

1988

  1. Hawaii Changing the Voting Age, Amendment 5 (1988) Approved
  2. Maine Removal of Gender Biased Constitutional Language, Question 7 (1988) Approved
  3. Rhode Island Proposition to Amend Article 1, Section 9 of the Rhode Island Constitution - Right to Bail (1988) Approved

1986

  1. Arizona Proposition 103, Right to Sue for Damages from Injury or Death Amendment (1986) Defeated
  2. Rhode Island Bail, Constitutional Amendment 12 (1986) Approved
  3. Rhode Island Felon Officeholding and Voting, Constitutional Amendment 10 (1986) Defeated
  4. Rhode Island Rights of the People, Constitutional Amendment 8 (1986) Approved
  5. Vermont Proposal 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1986) Defeated

1984

  1. Connecticut Prohibition of Disability Discrimination, Question 1 (1984) Approved
  2. Maine Question 6, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1984) Defeated
  3. New Hampshire Criminal Insanity Standards Amendment (1984) Approved
  4. New Hampshire Voting Accessibility Amendment (1984) Approved

1982

  1. Nevada Question 2, Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment (1982) Approved
  2. Virginia Question 2, Restoration of Civil Rights to Felons Amendment (1982) Defeated

1980

  1. Florida Amendment 2, Constitutional Right of Privacy Measure (1980) Approved
  2. Iowa Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Gender Measure (1980) Defeated
  3. Massachusetts Question 1, Prohibition on Discrimination on the Basis of Disability Amendment (1980) Approved

1978

  1. California Proposition 5, Constitutional Determinations by Administrative Agencies Amendment (June 1978) Approved
  2. Florida Amendment 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1978) Defeated
  3. Hawaii Miscellaneous Revisions, Amendment 33 (1978) Approved
  4. Hawaii Right to Privacy, Amendment 3 (1978) Approved
  5. Hawaii Secrecy of Voting, Amendment 4 (1978) Approved
  6. Hawaii Traditional and Customary Rights, Amendment 29 (1978) Approved
  7. Nevada Question 5, Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment Advisory Question (1978) Defeated

1976

  1. Colorado Amendment 6, Removal of the Gender Equality Provisions Initiative (1976) Defeated
  2. Indiana Residency Requirements for Voting, Amendment 1 (1976) Approved
  3. Massachusetts Question 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex, Race, or Creed Amendment (1976) Approved
  4. New Hampshire Public's Right of Access to Government Records Amendment (1976) Approved

1975

  1. New Jersey Public Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1975) Defeated
  2. New York Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1975) Defeated

1974

  1. California Proposition 7, Revisions to State Constitution’s Declaration of Rights Amendment (1974) Approved
  2. Connecticut Question 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1974) Approved
  3. Florida Amendment 7, Disability Discrimination Prohibition Amendment (1974) Approved
  4. Kansas Right to Vote, Amendment 3 (1974) Approved
  5. New Hampshire Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Race, Sex, or Creed Amendment (1974) Approved
  6. South Carolina Amendment on Legal Adults, Amendment 6 (1974) Approved

1973

  1. Wisconsin Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (April 1973) Defeated

1972

  1. Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (August 1972) Approved
  2. Alaska Ballot Measure 3, Right to Privacy Amendment (August 1972) Approved
  3. California Proposition 11, Constitutional Right to Privacy Amendment (1972) Approved
  4. Colorado Amendment 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972) Approved
  5. Florida 18 Year Old Legal Majority, Amendment 2 (1970) Defeated
  6. Hawaii Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972) Approved
  7. Hawaii Voting Age, Amendment 3 (1972) Approved
  8. Kansas Amending the State Bill of Rights, Amendment 3 (1972) Approved
  9. Maryland Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972) Approved
  10. Mississippi Voting Age, Amendment 2 (1972) Approved
  11. New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 1, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972) Approved
  12. North Dakota Age of Adulthood, Alternate Proposition 3 (1972) Defeated
  13. Texas Proposition 7, Equal Rights Regardless of Race, Sex, or Creed Amendment (1972) Approved
  14. Washington HJR 61, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (1972) Approved

1971

  1. Kansas Voter Qualifications, Amendment 1 (1971) Approved
  2. Pennsylvania Question 2, Equal Rights Regardless of Sex Amendment (May 1971) Approved
  3. Pennsylvania Question 3, Environmental Rights Amendment (May 1971) Approved

1970

  1. Florida Amendment 2, 18 as the Age of Legal Adulthood Amendment (1970) Defeated
  2. Hawaii Voting Age, Proposition 3 (1970) Defeated
  3. South Carolina Amendment 1, Add New Declaration of Rights and Transpose Sections of Constitution to other Articles Amendment (1970) Approved
  4. South Carolina Elector Requirements, Amendment 1 (1970) Approved
  5. South Carolina Register to Vote Qualifications, Amendment 2 (1970) Approved
  6. Virginia Question 1, Constitutional Revision Amendment (1970) Approved

1968

  1. Hawaii Eighteen Year Old Vote, Amendment 8 (1968) Defeated
  2. Hawaii Eliminating the Literacy Requirement to Vote, Amendment 10 (1968) Approved
  3. Hawaii Invasion of Privacy, Amendment 4 (1968) Approved
  4. Hawaii Voting Rights of Felons, Amendment 9 (1968) Approved
  5. Louisiana Handicapped Voting Amendment (1968) Approved
  6. Louisiana Rights of Convicted Individuals Amendment (1968) Approved
  7. Mississippi Voter Residency, Amendment 1 (1968) Approved
  8. New Hampshire Free Speech Amendment (1968) Approved
  9. New Hampshire Right to Vote Amendment (1968) Approved
  10. Tennessee Constitutional Convention: Voting Age, Amendment 5 (1968) Defeated

1967

  1. Pennsylvania Question 2, Declaration of Rights and Constitutional Revisions Amendment (May 1967) Approved

1966

  1. New Hampshire Right to Legal Representation Amendment (1966) Approved

1965

  1. Alabama Voter Registration Qualifications, Amendment 2 (1965) Approved

1963

  1. Alabama Voting Requirements, Amendment 3 (1963) Defeated
  2. Maine Discrimination Prohibition, Proposed Constitutional Amendment No. 2 (1963) Approved

1962

  1. Alabama Voter Registration, Amendment 1 (1962) Defeated
  2. Alabama Voter Requirements, Amendment 1 (1962) Approved
  3. Idaho Chinese, Japanese and Mongolian Rights, SJR 1 (1962) Approved

1953

  1. Alabama Voter Requirements, Amendment 1 (1953) Approved

1951

  1. Alabama Voter Requirements, Amendment 5 (1951) Approved

1948

  1. Massachusetts Question 1, Right to Free Speech Amendment (1948) Approved
  2. North Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Prohibit Public School Teachers Religious Dress Measure (1948) Approved

1946

  1. Alabama Voter Qualifications, Amendment 4 (1946) Approved
  2. North Carolina Gender-Neutral Constitutional Language and Rights Amendment (1946) Approved

1944

  1. Colorado Amendment 1, Allow Women to Serve on Juries Amendment (1944) Approved

1934

  1. Florida Amendment 4, Criminal Trial Procedures Amendment (1934) Approved

1930

  1. Illinois Jury Act Amendment (1930) Approved

1928

  1. Arizona Measure Nos. 100-101, Constitutional Right to Choose Healing Methods and Prohibiting Laws Restricting Methods Initiative (1928) Defeated

1926

  1. Florida Use of Property by Foreigners Amendment (1926) Approved
  2. Iowa Legislator Qualifications, Amendment 1 (1926) Approved

1924

  1. Missouri Amendment 3, General Assembly Structure, Powers, and Compensation Measure (February 1924) Approved

1922

  1. North Dakota Electors Residence Requirements Referendum (1922) Approved

1920

  1. North Dakota Residence Requirements of Electors Referendum (1920) Approved

1917

  1. Texas Proposition 1, Conservation and Reclamation Districts Amendment (August 1917) Approved

1913

  1. Oregon Measure Nos. 304-305, Sterilization of Criminals Referendum (1913) Defeated

1910

  1. California Amendment 14, Right to Fish Measure (1910) Approved
  2. Oklahoma State Question 17, Education Qualifications to Vote Initiative (August 1910) Approved

1906

  1. Minnesota Amendment 3, Right to Sell One's Produce without License Amendment (1906) Approved

1870

  1. Wisconsin Question 1, Grand Jury System Amendment (1870) Approved

1865

  1. North Carolina Prohibit Slavery and Involuntary Servitude Amendment (1865) Approved

See also

Footnotes