Washington House of Representatives elections, 2020
| 2020 Washington House Elections | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | November 3, 2020 |
| Primary | August 4, 2020 |
| Past Election Results |
| 2018・2016・2014 2012・2010・2008 |
| 2020 Elections | |
|---|---|
| Choose a chamber below: | |
Elections for the office of Washington House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 4, 2020. The filing deadline was May 15, 2020.
All 98 House seats were up for election in 2020. Heading into the election, Democrats held 57 seats and Republicans held 41 seats. Democrats won 57 seats and Republicans won 41 seats, resulting in the continuation of a 57-41 Democratic majority.
The Washington House of Representatives was one of 86 state legislative chambers with elections in 2020. There are 99 chambers throughout the country. In 2018, 87 out of 99 legislative chambers held elections.
Washington's 2020 state legislative elections affected partisan control of redistricting following the 2020 census. In Washington, a commission was responsible for both congressional and state legislative redistricting. The commission comprised members appointed by state lawmakers. The legislature itself had the ability to amend the commission's maps by a two-thirds vote in each chamber.
Election procedure changes in 2020
Ballotpedia provided comprehensive coverage of how election dates and procedures changed in 2020. While the majority of changes occurred as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some changes occurred for other reasons.
Washington did not modify any procedures for the November 3, 2020, general election.
For a full timeline about election modifications made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, click here.
Party control
| Washington House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 3, 2020 | After November 4, 2020 | |
| Democratic Party | 57 | 57 | |
| Republican Party | 41 | 41 | |
| Total | 98 | 98 | |
Candidates
Primary candidates
The candidate list below is based on candidate filing lists provided by the Washington Secretary of State on May 29, 2020.[1]
Note: Washington primaries were canceled if only one candidate filed. That candidate automatically advanced to the general election.
Washington House of Representatives primary |
|||
|
|||
| Office | Other | ||
| District 1-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 1-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 2-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 2-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 3-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 3-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 4-Position 1 |
Did not make the ballot: |
|
|
| District 4-Position 2 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Did not make the ballot: |
|
| District 5-Position 1 |
|
Cyrus Krohn (Unity Restoration Party) |
|
| District 5-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 6-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 6-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 7-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 7-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 8-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 8-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 9-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 9-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 10-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 10-Position 2 |
|
Taylor Zimmermann (Progressive Party of Washington State) |
|
| District 11-Position 1 |
Jay Stark (Unaffiliated) |
||
| District 11-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 12-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 12-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 13-Position 1 |
|
John Malan (Classical Democrat Party) |
|
| District 13-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 14-Position 1 |
|
William Razey (Education Party) |
|
| District 14-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 15-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 15-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 16-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 16-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 17-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 17-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 18-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 18-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 19-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 19-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 20-Position 1 |
Kurtis Engle (Unaffiliated) |
||
| District 20-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 21-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 21-Position 2 |
Willie Russell (Unaffiliated) |
||
| District 22-Position 1 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Allen Acosta (Libertarian Party) |
|
| District 22-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 23-Position 1 |
Did not make the ballot: |
|
|
| District 23-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 24-Position 1 |
|
Daniel Charles Svoboda (Trump Republican Party) |
|
| District 24-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 25-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 25-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 26-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 26-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 27-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 27-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 28-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 28-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 29-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 29-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 30-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 30-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 31-Position 1 |
|
Zach Stover (Unaffiliated) |
|
| District 31-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 32-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 32-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 33-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 33-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 34-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 34-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 35-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 35-Position 2 |
|
Earl Burt (Shortstop) |
|
| District 36-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 36-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 37-Position 1 |
John Dickinson (Unaffiliated) |
||
| District 37-Position 2 |
Andrea Caupain |
Kathy Woodward (Progressive Party) |
|
| District 38-Position 1 |
Did not make the ballot: |
Jorge Garrido (Libertarian Party) |
|
| District 38-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 39-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 39-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 40-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 40-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 41-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 41-Position 2 |
Harlan Gallinger (Independent) |
||
| District 42-Position 1 |
Did not make the ballot: |
|
|
| District 42-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 43-Position 1 |
|
Brandon Franklin (Unaffiliated) Did not make the ballot: |
|
| District 43-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 44-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 44-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 45-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 45-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 46-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 46-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 47-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 47-Position 2 |
Did not make the ballot: |
|
|
| District 48-Position 1 |
|
Scott Dusenbery (Unaffiliated) Did not make the ballot: |
|
| District 48-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 49-Position 1 |
|
Kelli Fiskum (Independent) |
|
| District 49-Position 2 |
Troy Potter (Independent) |
||
General candidates
The candidate list below is based on candidate filing lists provided by the Washington Secretary of State on May 29, 2020.[2]
Washington House of Representatives general election |
|||
|
|||
| Office | Other | ||
| District 1-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 1-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 2-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 2-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 3-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 3-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 4-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 4-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 5-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 5-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 6-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 6-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 7-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 7-Position 2 |
|
JJ Wandler (Independent) |
|
| District 8-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 8-Position 2 |
|
Larry Stanley (Alliance Party) |
|
| District 9-Position 1 |
|
Brett Borden (Libertarian Party) |
|
| District 9-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 10-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 10-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 11-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 11-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 12-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 12-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 13-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 13-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 14-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 14-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 15-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 15-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 16-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 16-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 17-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 17-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 18-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 18-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 19-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 19-Position 2 |
Brian Blake (i) |
|
|
| District 20-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 20-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 21-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 21-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 22-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 22-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 23-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 23-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 24-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 24-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 25-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 25-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 26-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 26-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 27-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 27-Position 2 |
|
Barry Knowles (Independent) |
|
| District 28-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 28-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 29-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 29-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 30-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 30-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 31-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 31-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 32-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 32-Position 2 |
|
Tamra Smilanich (Independent) |
|
| District 33-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 33-Position 2 |
|
Marliza Melzer (Libertarian Party) |
|
| District 34-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 34-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 35-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 35-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 36-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 36-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 37-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 37-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 38-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 38-Position 2 |
|
David Wiley (Libertarian Party) |
|
| District 39-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 39-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 40-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 40-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 41-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 41-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 42-Position 1 |
|
||
| District 42-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 43-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 43-Position 2 |
|
Sherae Lascelles (Seattle People's) |
|
| District 44-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 44-Position 2 |
|
||
| District 45-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 45-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 46-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 46-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 47-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 47-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 48-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 48-Position 2 |
|
|
|
| District 49-Position 1 |
|
|
|
| District 49-Position 2 |
|
||
Incumbents who were not re-elected
Incumbents defeated in the general election
Three incumbents lost in the Nov. 3 general election. Those incumbents were:
| Name | Party | Office |
|---|---|---|
| Zack Hudgins | House District 11-1 | |
| Brian Blake | House District 19-2 | |
| Luanne Van Werven | House District 42-1 |
Incumbents defeated in primary elections
No incumbents lost in the Aug. 4 primaries.
Retiring incumbents
There were 13 open seats where the incumbent legislator did not file for re-election in 2020.[3] Those incumbents were:
| Name | Party | Office |
|---|---|---|
| Matthew Shea | House District 4-Position 1 | |
| Norma Smith | House District 10-Position 1 | |
| Bill Jenkin | House District 16-Position 1 | |
| Richard DeBolt | House District 20-Position 1 | |
| Beth Doglio | House District 22-Position 2 | |
| Sherry Appleton | House District 23-Position 1 | |
| Chris Gildon | House District 25-Position 2 | |
| Christine Kilduff | House District 28-Position 2 | |
| Mike Pellicciotti | House District 30-Position 1 | |
| Morgan Irwin | House District 31-Position 2 | |
| Gael Tarleton | House District 36-Position 2 | |
| Eric Pettigrew | House District 37-Position 2 | |
| Jared Mead | House District 44-Position 2 |
The 13 seats left open in 2020 represented a decrease from 2018. The table below shows the number of open seats in each election held between 2010 and 2020.
| Open Seats in Washington House of Representatives elections: 2010 - 2020 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Total seats | Open seats | Seats with incumbents running for re-election |
| 2020 | 98 | 13 (13%) | 85 (87%) |
| 2018 | 98 | 14 (14%) | 84 (86%) |
| 2016 | 98 | 14 (14%) | 84 (86%) |
| 2014 | 98 | 9 (9%) | 89 (91%) |
| 2012 | 98 | 20 (20%) | 78 (80%) |
| 2010 | 98 | 16 (16%) | 82 (84%) |
Process to become a candidate
See statutes: Chapter 29A.24 of the Washington Election Code
A candidate who desires to have his or her name printed on the ballot for election to an office other than president must complete and file a declaration of candidacy. The candidate must do the following:
- declare that he or she is a registered voter within the jurisdiction of the office for which he or she is filing (the candidate must include the address at which he or she is registered)
- indicate the position for which he or she is filing
- state a party preference, if the office is a partisan office
- indicate the amount of the filing fee accompanying the declaration of candidacy (the candidate may also indicate that he or she is filing a petition in lieu of the filing fee)
- sign the declaration of candidacy, stating that the information provided on the form is true and swearing or affirming that he or she will support the constitution and laws of the United States and the constitution and laws of the state of Washington[4]
The filing period for candidates begins on the Monday two weeks before Memorial Day and ends the following Friday in the year in which the office is scheduled to be voted upon. Candidates must also submit the declaration of candidacy to the Washington Public Disclosure Commission within one business day after the filing period has ended.[5][6]
A filing fee equal to 1 percent of the annual salary of the office at the time of filing must accompany the declaration of candidacy for any office with a fixed annual salary of more than $1,000.
A candidate who lacks sufficient assets or income at the time of filing may submit with his or her declaration of candidacy a filing fee petition. The petition must contain signatures from registered voters equal to the number of dollars of the filing fee.
For write-in candidates
Any person who desires to be a write-in candidate and have his or her votes counted at a primary or general election can file a declaration of candidacy with the Washington Secretary of State and the Washington Public Disclosure Commission no later than 18 days before a primary or general election. A declaration of candidacy for a write-in candidate must be accompanied by a filing fee or a filing fee petition with the required signatures (fee amounts and signature requirements are the same as those stated above). Write-in votes cast for any candidates who fail to file this form will only be counted if the voter indicates "the office sought or position number, if the manner in which the write-in is done does not make the office or position clear."[7]
2020 ballot access requirements
The table below details filing requirements for Washington House of Representatives candidates in the 2020 election cycle.
| Filing requirements for state legislative candidates, 2020 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber name | Party | Signatures required | Filing fee | Filing deadline | Source |
| Washington House of Representatives | All candidates | N/A | $568.81 | 5/15/2020 | Source |
Qualifications
Section 7 of Article 2 of the Washington State Constitution states, "No person shall be eligible to the legislature who shall not be a citizen of the United States and a qualified voter in the district for which he is chosen."
Salaries and per diem
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[8] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $60,191/year for senators. $61,997/year for representatives. | $202/day |
When sworn in
Washington legislators assume office the second Monday of January.[9]
Washington political history
Trifectas
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government.
Washington Party Control: 1992-2024
Eighteen years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Senate | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R[10] | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| House | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | S | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Presidential politics in Washington
2016 Presidential election results
| U.S. presidential election, Washington, 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | Electoral votes | |
| Democratic |  Hillary Clinton/Tim Kaine |
52.5% | 1,742,718 | 12 | |
| Republican | Donald Trump/Mike Pence | 36.8% | 1,221,747 | 0 | |
| Libertarian | Gary Johnson/Bill Weld | 4.9% | 160,879 | 0 | |
| Green | Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka | 1.8% | 58,417 | 0 | |
| Socialist Workers | Alyson Kennedy/Osborne Hart | 0.1% | 4,307 | 0 | |
| Socialism and Liberation | Gloria Estela La Riva/Eugene Puryear | 0.1% | 3,523 | 0 | |
| Constitution | Darrell Lane Castle/Scott Bradley | 0.5% | 17,623 | 0 | |
| - | Other/Write-in | 3.3% | 107,805 | 0 | |
| Total Votes | 3,317,019 | 12 | |||
| Election results via: Federal Election Commission | |||||
Voter information
How the primary works
Washington uses a top-two primary system, in which all candidates appear on the same ballot, for congressional and state-level elections. The top two vote-getters move on to the general election, regardless of their party affiliation. In states that do not use a top-two system, all parties are usually able to put forward a candidate for the general election if they choose to.[11][12]
For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.
Poll times
Washington is an all-mail voting state. Individuals who prefer to vote in person rather than by mail may do so at local voting centers, which are open for 18 days prior to the election. The voting period ends at 8:00 p.m. on Election Day. Contact your county elections department for more information on voting center locations and times.[13]
Registration requirements
- Check your voter registration status here.
To vote in Washington, one must be a citizen of the United States, a resident of the state, and at least 18 years of age.[14]
One may register to vote online, by mail, or in-person at a county elections department. Registration must be completed eight days in advance if done by mail or online. In-person registration is available through Election Day.[15]
In 2018, Washington lawmakers enacted legislation providing for same-day voter registration and automatic voter registration.[16]
Automatic registration
Washington automatically registers eligible individuals to vote through the Department of Motor Vehicles, health benefit exchange, and other state agencies approved by the governor.[16]
Online registration
- See also: Online voter registration
Washington has implemented an online voter registration system. Residents can register to vote by visiting this website.
Same-day registration
Washington allows same-day voter registration.[16]
Residency requirements
Washington law requires 30 days of residency in the state before a person may vote.[14]
Verification of citizenship
Washington does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. An individual must attest that they are a U.S. citizen when registering to vote. According to the state's voter registration application, a voter who knowingly provides false information or knowingly make a false declaration about their qualifications "will have committed a class C felony that is punishable by imprisonment for up to five years, a fine of up to ten thousand dollars, or both."[17]
All 49 states with voter registration systems require applicants to declare that they are U.S. citizens in order to register to vote in state and federal elections, under penalty of perjury or other punishment.[18] As of January 2025, six states — Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, and New Hampshire — had passed laws requiring verification of citizenship at the time of voter registration. However, only two of those states' laws were in effect, in Arizona and New Hampshire. In three states — California, Maryland, and Vermont — at least one local jurisdiction allowed noncitizens to vote in some local elections as of November 2024. Noncitizens registering to vote in those elections must complete a voter registration application provided by the local jurisdiction and are not eligible to register as state or federal voters.
Verifying your registration
The site Vote WA, run by the Washington Secretary of State office, allows residents to check their voter registration status online.
Voter ID requirements
Washington is an all-mail voting state and does not require voters to present photo identification (ID). Voters may choose to vote in person at a local voting center. According to state law RCW 29A.40.160, “The county auditor shall require any person desiring to vote at a voting center to either sign a ballot declaration or provide identification.” Accepted forms of ID include driver's licenses, state ID cards, and student ID cards. For a list of all accepted forms of ID, see below.[19]
The following list of accepted ID was current as of April 2023. Click here for the Washington State Legislature's voter ID regulations to ensure you have the most current information.
- Driver's license
- State identification card
- Student identification card
- Tribal identification card
- Employer identification card
Early voting
Since it is an all-mail voting state, Washington permits early voting. Learn more by visiting this website.
Early voting permits citizens to cast ballots in person at a polling place prior to an election. In states that permit no-excuse early voting, a voter does not have to provide an excuse for being unable to vote on Election Day. States that allow voters to cast no-excuse absentee/mail-in ballots in person are counted as no-excuse early voting states.
As of February 2024, 47 states and the District of Columbia permitted no-excuse early voting.
Absentee voting
Washington conducts what are commonly referred to as all-mail elections. In Washington, voting is conducted primarily, although not necessarily exclusively, by mail. Election officials automatically distribute mail-in ballots to eligible electors.
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "Primary 2020," accessed May 29, 2020
- ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "Primary 2020," accessed May 29, 2020
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑ Washington Election Code, "Chapter 29A.24.031," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Washington Election Code, "Chapter 29A.24.050," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Washington Election Code, "Chapter 29A.24.070," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Washington Election Code, "Chapter 29A.24.311," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Washington State Legislature, "RCW 44.04.021 Commencement of terms of office," accessed February 17, 2021
- ↑ Democrats gained full control of the state Senate after a special election on November 7, 2017.
- ↑ NCSL, "State Primary Election Types," accessed October 3, 2024
- ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "Top 2 Primary: FAQs for Candidates," accessed October 3, 2024
- ↑ Washington Secretary of State, “Frequently Asked Questions on Voting by Mail,” accessed April 20, 2023
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Washington Secretary of State, "Voter Eligibility," accessed April 20, 2023
- ↑ Washington State Legislature, "Voter registration deadlines," accessed April 20, 2023
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 The Hill, "Wash. gov signs universal voter registration law," March 20, 2018
- ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "Washington State Voter Registration Form," accessed November 2, 2024
- ↑ Under federal law, the national mail voter registration application (a version of which is in use in all states with voter registration systems) requires applicants to indicate that they are U.S. citizens in order to complete an application to vote in state or federal elections, but does not require voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the application "may require only the minimum amount of information necessary to prevent duplicate voter registrations and permit State officials both to determine the eligibility of the applicant to vote and to administer the voting process."
- ↑ Washington State Legislature, "RCW 29A.40.160," accessed April 20, 2023
