2023 Hawaii legislative session

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2023 Hawaii legislative session
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General information
Session start:    January 18, 2023

Session end:    May 4, 2023

Leadership
Senate President
Ronald Kouchi (D)

House Speaker
Scott Saiki (D)
Majority Leader
Senate: Dru Kanuha (D)
House: Nadine Nakamura (D)
Minority Leader
Senate: Kurt Fevella (R)
House: Lauren Cheape Matsumoto (R)

Elections
Next Election:    November 5, 2024

Last Election:    November 8, 2022

Previous legislative sessions
2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018
Other 2023 legislative sessions


In 2023, the Hawaii State Legislature was scheduled to convene on January 18 and adjourn on May 4.

The legislators serving in this session took office following the 2022 elections. Democrats won a 23-2 majority in the Senate and a 45-6 majority in the House. The party also controlled the governorship, creating a Democratic state government trifecta. At the start of the 2023 session, Hawaii was one of nine state legislatures where the Democratic Party had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers.


At the beginning of the 2023 legislative session:
  • Democrats held a majority in the Hawaii state House and state Senate.
  • Hawaii was one of 17 Democratic state government trifectas.
  • Hawaii's governor was Democrat Joshua Green.

    • Leadership in 2023

    Hawaii State Senate

    Hawaii House of Representatives

    Partisan control in 2023

    See also: State government trifectas

    Hawaii was one of 17 Democratic state government trifectas at the start of 2023 legislative sessions. A state government trifecta occurs when one political party holds the governor's office, a majority in the state Senate, and a majority in the state House. For more information about state government trifectas, click here.

    Hawaii was also one of nine state legislatures where the Democratic Party had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers. Veto overrides occur when a legislature votes to reverse a veto issued by an executive such as a governor or the president. If one party has a majority in a state legislature that is large enough to override a gubernatorial veto without any votes from members of the minority party, it is called a veto-proof majority or, sometimes, a supermajority. To read more about veto-proof supermajorities in state legislatures, click here.

    The following tables show the partisan breakdown of the Hawaii State Legislature in the 2023 legislative session.

    Hawaii State Senate

    Party As of January 2023
         Democratic Party 23
         Republican Party 2
    Total 25

    Hawaii House of Representatives

    Party As of January 2023
         Democratic Party 45
         Republican Party 6
    Total 51

    Regular session

    The list below shows up to 25 pieces of legislation in the 2023 legislative session that most recently passed both chambers of the legislature, were signed by the governor, or were approved by the legislature in a veto override. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation met these criteria in 2023. This information is provided by BillTrack50.

    Standing legislative committees

    See also: Standing committee and List of committees in Hawaii state government


    A standing committee of a state legislature is a committee that exists on a more-or-less permanent basis, from legislative session to session, that considers and refines legislative bills that fall under the committee's subject matter.

    At the beginning of the 2023 legislative session, there were 33 standing committees in Hawaii's state government, including 15 state Senate committees, and 18 state House committees.

    Senate committees

    • Agriculture and Environment Committee
    • Commerce and Consumer Protection Committee
    • Energy, Economic Development, and Tourism Committee
    • Government Operations Committee
    • Hawaiian Affairs Committee
    • Higher Education Committee
    • Human Services Committee
    • Judiciary Committee
    • Labor, Culture and the Arts Committee
    • Public Safety, Intergovernmental, and Military Affairs Committee
    • Senate Education Committee
    • Senate Housing Committee
    • Senate Transportation Committee
    • Water and Land Committee
    • Ways and Means Committee

    House committees

    • Agriculture Committee
    • Consumer Protection & Commerce Committee
    • Corrections, Military, & Veterans Committee
    • Culture, Arts, & International Affairs Committee
    • Economic Development Committee
    • Energy & Environmental Protection Committee
    • Finance Committee
    • Government Reform Committee
    • Health, Human Services, & Homelessness Committee
    • Higher Education & Technology Committee
    • House Education Committee
    • House Housing Committee
    • House Transportation Committee
    • Judiciary & Hawaiian Affairs Committee
    • Labor & Tourism Committee
    • Legislative Management Committee
    • Pandemic & Disaster Preparedness Committee
    • Water, Land, & Hawaiian Affairs Committee

    Legislatively referred constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Hawaii Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Article XVII of the Hawaii Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Hawaii

    The Hawaii Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution— a legislative process and a state constitutional convention. Hawaii requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    A two-thirds (66.67%) vote is required during one legislative session or a simple majority vote in two successive legislative sessions for the Hawaii State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 35 votes in the Hawaii House of Representatives and 17 votes in the Hawaii State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Section 2 of Article XVII of the Hawaii Constitution, a question about whether to hold a state constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot after a period of nine years. Hawaii is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question.

    The table below shows the last and next constitutional convention question election years:

    State Interval Last question on the ballot Next question on the ballot
    Hawaii 10 years 2018 2028



    2024 measures:

    See also: Hawaii 2024 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures were certified for the ballot.

    2023 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2023 ballot by the legislature.

    See also: 2023 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures were certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list

    Historical partisan control

    The table below depicts the historical trifecta status of Hawaii.

    Hawaii Party Control: 1992-2025
    Twenty-six years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
    Governor D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

    Historical Senate control

    From 1992 to 2022, the Hawaii State Senate was controlled by the Democratic Party, as it has been in most years since Hawaii achieved statehood in 1959. The table below shows the partisan history of the Hawaii State Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Hawaii State Senate election results: 1992-2022

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
    Democrats 22 23 23 23 22 20 20 20 23 24 24 24 25 24 24 23
    Republicans 3 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 2

    Since Hawaii achieved statehood in 1959 through 2022, Democrats controlled the state Senate following most elections. From at least 1978 to 2022, Republicans never held more than 10 seats in the chamber. From 1982 to 2022, they never held more than five seats. From 1992 to the early 2000s, Democrats usually held 23 or 22 of the chamber's seats. Starting in 2002, Republicans expanded their caucus to five seats and held these through the 2006 elections.

    In 2008, Republicans lost three seats and the Democrats ended up with a 23-member caucus. This advantage persisted despite national trends. In 2010, a year when Republicans did well nationally, Democrats won 24 seats. This left Republicans with just one member through the 2014 elections. In 2016, the last Republican lost his seat, giving Democrats control of all 25 seats. It was the only state legislative chamber in the country to be completely controlled by one party following the 2016 elections. Republicans regained one seat in 2018 and another in 2022.

    Historical House control

    From 1992 to 2022, the Hawaii House of Representatives was controlled by the Democratic Party, as it has been since Hawaii achieved statehood in 1959. The table below shows the partisan history of the Hawaii House of Representatives following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Hawaii House of Representatives election results: 1992-2022

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
    Democrats 47 44 39 39 32 36 41 43 45 43 44 43 45 46 47 45
    Republicans 4 7 12 12 19 15 10 8 6 8 7 8 6 5 4 6

    Since Hawaii achieved statehood in 1959 through 2020, Democrats controlled the state House following every election. From at least 1958 to 2022, Republicans never held more than 20 seats in the chamber.

    The elections in the late 1980s and 1990s went strongly in favor of Democrats, leaving Republicans with just four seats following the 1992 elections. They made some gains in the elections that followed, working their way to 19 seats by 2000. This was the highest number of seats they had held since the chamber first started holding elections in 1958. However, Republicans lost seats in the two elections that followed, dropping them to 10 seats. The next several cycles brought Republicans to eight seats after the 2006 elections.

    The Democratic majority was stable in the elections from 2010 to 2014, despite a national trend toward Republicans during that time. Republicans held no more than eight seats in the state House during that period. Following the 2016 elections, Democrats held a 45-6 majority. Their numbers were bolstered when Beth Fukumoto changed her party registration from Republican to Democratic in 2017, giving them 46 seats in the chamber—the number they held through 2018. In 2020, Democrats increased their majority to 47-4, which decreased to 45-6 in 2022.

    Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker

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    See also

    Elections Hawaii State Government State Legislatures State Politics
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    External links

    Footnotes

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