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Background on Environment



Environment topics in the 2024 election cycle:

OnTheIssues a decade ago had an issues category called "Energy & Environment" -- but we split that into two because for several election cycles both topics were important. In the 2024 election cycle we considered re-collapsing into one topic because environmentalism has come to mean nothing more than "energy & oil policy". Many current poltiicians have nothing to say on envirnomental policy other than their energy policy -- and hence are omitted from this page.

Environmental Regulation

The basic debate in the 2024 election cycle focuses on "What is the government's environmental role?" The answer has become "A very limited role", much more so than in the past. There once was a strong refrain that "people of all parties want clean air and safe water" (citing Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, I-HI). Liberals reminded conservatives that Teddy Roosevelt (a Republican) started the National Parks, and Richard Nixon (another Republican) started the EPA.

The new partisan split on environmental topics is a difference in basic attitudes towards the EPA and any environmental action. The current Republican attitude is "Deregulate!", exemplified by Gov. Burgum (R, ND) and Sen. Vance (R, OH). The current Democratic attitude is "Duck!" exemplified by the lack of outspokenness on environmental issues (with more "ducking" below on other topics).

For the Republicans, the purpose of deregulation is to reduce the "regulatory burden" that the EPA imposes on corporations -- the Republican attitude focuses on the costs to businesses of deregulation.

For the Democrats, the purpose of regulation is protect people and the environment via the EPA imposing rules -- the Democratic attitude focuses on the benefits to people of regulations.

In inflationary times, such as the leadup to the 2024 election, people demand an improving economy instead of improving environmental health. Hence the Democrats have de-emphasized their environmental goals ("ducked").

Green New Deal

The biggest "ducking" by the Democrats is the name of the "Inflation Reduction Act" (IRA). Hardly anybody knows that name, but everyone remembers the name "Green New Deal." The Inflation Reduction Act IS the Green New Deal -- the Democrats chose to call it the "IRA" because it would never pass Congress as the "Green New Deal."

The IRA is the next phase of COVID relief, after CARES and ARPA. CARES focused on pandemic costs; ARPA focused on economic recovery; and IRA focuses on rebuilding post-pandemic. That means a lot of infrastructure investment, which Biden and the Democrats chose to focus on environmental goals. The economic goals are detailed in our Budget & Economy section.

These Green New Deal policies ended up in the IRA:

  • Joe Biden (D-DE): Green New Deal is in platform and it's not too much (Sep 2020)
  • Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (I-NY): Good environmental policy identical to good economic policy (Jun 2023)
  • Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY): Inflation Reduction Act is down payment on Green New Deal (August 2024)
  • Kamala Harris (D-CA): Supported both Inflation Reduction Act & Green New Deal (August 2024)
  • Donald Trump (R-FL): Terminate both Inflation Reduction Act & Green New Deal (Oct. 2024)

    Environmental Justice

    "Environmental Justice" means dealing with the pattern that pollution disproportionately affects low-income and high-minority communities. Had the Biden/Harris not felt the need to focus on COVID recovery and the IRA, this is where they would have focused.

    The Flint Water incident, detailed below, was a key environmental justice issue of 2014, with a follow-up in 2020.

    Chevron deference

    Perhaps the most important -- and most obscure -- development in environmental policy is the "Chevron deference," which was overturned by a Supreme Court ruling in June 2024. The Chevron deference meant that the EPA (and other regulatory agencies) could decide the details of what to regulate and what to enforce, after Congress authorized regulation of an issue (Congress would "defer" to the executive branch). The Chevron deference was established in 1984 -- it was the law of the land for 40 years. Now, regulatory agencies must defer to the courts when Congressional laws are ambiguous.

    U.S. Rep. Joe Morelle (chair of the House Administration Committee), published a thorough analysis of the Chevron Deference after the Supreme Court ruling. That didn't make it to the presidential level, nor into the mainstream media at all -- it's too wonky an issue for all but the most hard-core policy wonks. Nevertheless, this ruling will stand as a landmark case for the indefinite future.

    Clean water & PFAS

    The Biden/Harris administration did succeed in establishing a new widespread regulatory regime, lowering the drinking water limits for PFAS from 20 ppt to 4 ppt. "PFAS" means "perfluoroalkyl substances" but are more commonly known as "forever chemicals" because they persist in the environment indefinitely. PFAS causes cancer, and it accumulates in human bodies from exposure in drinking water -- which is where the new EPA regulation applies.

    The new lower PFAS limits will cost between $1.5 billion and $3.8 billion annually -- how that gets paid will be determined as the regulation kicks in by 2026. The presidential candidates have limited views because PFAS enforcement and cleanup has been left to the states (hence VP nominee Walz has a lot to say, as Governor).

    Also linked below are other candidates' views on other cleanup issues, including cleanup from natural disasters. Dealing with health effects of pollutants is a relatively new approach to environmental policy -- as evidenced by the new PFAS rules.


    Environment topics in the 2020 election cycle:



    Environment topics in the 2016 election cycle:


    Energy issues have so dominated the 2016 election that all other environmental issues have fallen aside. In fact, the term "environmental issues" in this election cycle has come to mean "energy issues." In this section, we stick to non-energy environmental issues -- see our Energy & Oil section for the energy-based issues.

    Some hot topics in the 2016 election cycle:



    Some older topics from previous election cycles:

  • Hurricane Katrina: Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans on August 29, 2005, and breached the levies surrounding the city. Much of New Orleans was flooded, resulting in over 700 deaths and thousands of permanently lost homes. At issue politically is who was responsible for ignoring the warnings about levy breaches. Democrats blame President George W. Bush, who infamously claimed about FEMA director Michael Brown, while visiting New Orleans, "Brownie, you're doing a heck of a job." Republicans blame Louisiana's Democratic governor and New Orleans' Democratic mayor. Lessons learned focus on more preparedness; in later hurricanes, the federal and state governments have both been much more cautious, some say over-cautious.

  • Hurricane Sandy: Hurricane Sandy made landfall in New Jersey, just south of New York City, on October 29, 2012. Much of the NYC metropolitan area was flooded, resulting in about 150 deaths and about $100 billion in damages. President Obama declared a state of emergency prior to landfall, part of the cautiousness resulting from Hurricane Katrina. Questions persist about whether global warming caused the intensity of Hurricane Sandy, and hence will cause future hurricanes of similar intensity.

    Some hot topics persisting from the 2012 election cycle:

  • Yucca Mountain: A federally-owned mountain in Nevada which the federal government has proposed as a long-term repository for nuclear waste. Yucca Mountain was selected because, in theory, it is geologically stable enough to survive intact for the tens of thousands of years until the nuclear waste becomes harmless. The site was first proposed under President Reagan in 1985-1987; Congress approved it under President Bush in 2002; and then Congress canceled the program under President Obama in April 2011.

  • Big Dig: The "Big Dig" refers to Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel Project, conducted in large part while Mitt ROmney was governor of Massachusetts. The Big Dig converted an elevated highway, I-93, into a 3.5 mile tunnel through central Boston, and added a third tunnel under Boston Harbor to Logan Airport. The original cost of the project in 1998 was proposed at $3 billion; it grew into a $22 billion project by the latest 2012 estimate. In addition to several construction deaths, a motorist was killed when a section of ceiling collapsed in 2006, attributed to inappropriate glue to hold up the concrete ceiling. The project was also plagued by water leaks for several years, attributed to failure to meet contract specifications.

  • Conservation Easements: Refers to land deeds which restrict future usage of the parcel of land to protect habitat, ban hunting or logging, or otherwise meet conservation goals. Also known as "Land Trusts," they have been tremendously successful in preserving open space and wildlife habitat. To assure that open space and habitat will be there for future generations, Congress provided targeted income tax relief to small farmers and ranchers who wish to make a charitable contribution of a qualified conservation easement.

  • Green Jobs: "Green Jobs" refers to subsidizing environmentally-friendly industries, usually alternative energy.

    Every recent president, including Obama, has promised "green jobs" in their State of the Union speeches; but the only action so far has been to mention it again in the subsequent year's State of the Union message.

    "Solyndra" has become shorthand for "cronyism in the name of green jobs." Solyndra declared bankruptcy in Sept. 2011 after receiving a $527 million federal loan to support commercial-scale manufacturing for its solar photovoltaic panels. Romney visited the abandoned Solyndra factory in May 2012 to criticize Obama's policy.

      Federal Lands
      The federal government owns 27% of all US land (more than the combined area of Alaska, Texas, & California).
    1. BLM: The Bureau of Land Management owns 270 million acres of cattle grazing land.
    2. USFS: The US Forest Service owns 185 million acres of timber land.
    3. FWS: The Fish & Wildlife Service owns 90 million acres of waterways and surrounding lands.
    4. NPS: The National Park Service owns 75 million acres of national parks and national rivers.
    5. States: State and local governments own 200 million acres of land (another 9% of total US land area).
    Amendment V to the US Constitution
    ...nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.(1791)

    Click here for Amazon books on Environment
    Environmental science
    Environmental health
    Environmental justice


    Click here references and citations on Environment
  • The Guardian, "Brazil's Amazon rainforest suffers worst fires in a decade," 1 Oct 2020
  • Greenpeace, "Fires are raging in the Amazon—again," by Diego Gonzaga, 21 July 2020
  • Reuters, "Brazil's Bolsonaro calls surging Amazon fires a 'lie'," by Jake Spring & Maria Carolina Marcello, Aug 11, 2020
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration, "FAQ: How many nuclear power plants are in the United States, and where are they located?," Jun 9, 2020
  • Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, "Don't let nuclear accidents scare you away from nuclear power," by Bulat Aytbaev, Dmitry Grigoriev, Vladislav Lavrenchuk, & Noah Mayhew, August 31, 2020
  • EPA, "Clean Air Mercury Rule," downloaded Oct. 2020
  • Washington Post, "EPA overhauls mercury pollution rule, despite opposition from industry and activists alike," by Brady Dennis and Juliet Eilperin, April 16, 2020
  • MarketWatch, "EPA guts rule credited with cleaning up toxic air from coal and oil power plants," by Associated Press, April 16, 2020
  • Click On Detroit, "6 years later: Where things stand in the Flint water crisis," by Hank Winchester, April 24, 2020
  • ABC-12, "Flint water prosecutors committed to 'professional prosecution' of anyone responsible," by Ann Pierret, Apr. 21, 2020
  • EcoWatch, "Pollution Prosecutions Plummet to Lowest Level in Decades Under Trump," by Jordan Davidson, Oct. 14, 2020
  • Strawless Ocean, "For a Strawless Ocean," downloaded Oct. 2020
  • Eater.com, "Why the World Is Hating on Plastic Straws Right Now," by Brenna Houck, Jul 12, 2018
  • National Geographic, "Great Pacific Garbage Patch," downloaded Oct. 2020
  • Oceana.org, "3 misconceptions about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch," by Emily Petsko, September 9, 2019
  • Investopedia, "Cash for Clunkers," by Julia Kagan, Jul 31, 2020
  • Amtrak, "Additional Funding Needed Soon to Avoid Additional Service and Employment Reductions," Oct 8, 2020
  • Statista, "Ridership - Amtrak 2013-2019," by E. Mazareanu, Nov 20, 2019
  • Associated Landscape Contractors of Colorado, "What is a WOTUS?", downloaded Oct. 2020
  • Greenpeace, "Energy & industry lobbyists plot to undo water pollution protections," by Christine Ottery, 25.11.2015
  • Farm Bureau, "Clean Water Act, WOTUS," downloaded Oct. 2020
  • Vox.com, "Why Trump wants to repeal an Obama-era clean water rule," by Brad Plumer and Umair Irfan, Dec 11, 2018
  • Other candidates on Environment: Background on other issues:
    2024 Presidential Nominees:
    Pres.Joe Biden (Democratic incumbent)
    V.P.Kamala Harris (Democratic nominee)
    Chase Oliver (Libertarian Party)
    Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. (Independent)
    Dr.Jill Stein (Green Party)
    Pres.Donald Trump (Republican nominee)
    Sen.JD Vance (Republican V.P. nominee)
    Gov.Tim Walz (Democratic V.P. nominee)
    Dr.Cornel West (People's Party)

    2024 Presidential primary contenders:
    Gov.Doug Burgum (R-ND)
    Gov.Chris Christie (R-NJ)
    Gov.Ron DeSantis (R-FL)
    Larry Elder (R-CA)
    Rep.Will Hurd (R-FL)
    Gov.Nikki Haley (R-SC)
    Gov.Asa Hutchinson (R-AR)
    Perry Johnson (R-IL)
    Mayor Steve Laffey (R-RI)
    V.P.Mike Pence (R-IN)
    Rep.Dean Phillips (D-MN)
    Vivek Ramaswamy (R-)
    Sen.Tim Scott (R-SC)
    Secy.Corey Stapleton (R-MT)
    Mayor Francis Suarez (R-FL)
    Marianne Williamson (D-CA)

    2024 Presidential primary also-ran's or never-ran's:
    Ryan Binkley (R-TX)
    Howie Hawkins (Green Party)
    Joe Maldonado (Libertarian Party)
    Sen.Bernie Sanders (D-VT)
    Kanye West (Birthday Party)
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