Media Sociology

This article explores hegemonic discourses on productive work and labor, in the context of the Eurozone crisis. Based on the separation between creditor and debtor countries, often associated with Northern and Southern Europe, the coverage of the Portuguese legislative elections of 2011, in the online versions of two tabloid newspapers, the German Bild and the Portuguese Correio da Manhã, was analyzed. The analysis allowed us to identify a hegemonic discourse, transversal to both newspapers, that places work and the consequent accumulation of capital, as the central axis of valuing a society, dividing Europe into compliant (trustworthy) and non-compliant (untrustworthy) countries. In a few instances, we have identified a counter-hegemonic discourse, that values elements beyond productivity, calls into question the need for compliance, and places the root of the crisis in the very system that values development, as promoted in advanced capitalism.

Interpreting andragogic theory as an approach to change a perspective is one effective way that can be used. The principle of moderation which is a perspective and ideology is a unifying tool in diversity, so its existence is absolute in a multicultural country. As a method, andragogy is designed in the form of learning methods, learning objectives, learning evaluations and learning models. A change of perspective becomes an orthientation andragogy that serves as a reification and reflectivity in the success of its learning. Andragogy as a facilitator should be defined as an organized and sustained effort to help adults learn by improving their ability to learn independently. The success of the andragogy is determined by its effectiveness through: learning ability, learning motivation, facilitator in style, ability and teaching methodology. In the andragogy required more to the operational form, the definition of a criteria-based with accurate measurement of the success of learning.

In the U.S., grant strategies and decisions have historically been made by individuals and funders behind closed doors, with little transparency and accountability. Grant seekers, not to mention the public at large, have rarely had insight into how those decisions are made or any influence on the process. What criteria are they using? To whom are they accountable? And how do they make their decisions about what and who they are going to fund? Replacing traditional hierarchical models of funding, participatory grantmaking applies a human rightsbased approach to how funding is determined and who makes the funding decisions. The emphasis is on the practice as well as on the impact of the funds. In this participatory panel presentation, moderated by a staff person from the International Human Rights Funders Group (IHRFG), panelists and audience will explore a range of models for transforming the relationship of social justice actors with funders. According to the first report on this ap...

A partir de los años sesenta del siglo XX, en algunas regiones de México se van decantando distintos procesos sociopolíticos que caminan al margen de los cauces institucionales y van trazando líneas de acción más allá de la dinámica partidista y electoral. Motivados, en primera instancia, por un conjunto de demandas económicas, con el paso del tiempo y la falta de soluciones, organizaciones de distinto nivel, se van transformando, para llegar, en la década de los setenta y ochenta, a la conformación de grandes frentes populares de carácter sectorial y territorial. En esos procesos se han perfilado demandas y escenarios de confrontación -con distintas expresiones e intensidades- y en ello se ha dado la irrupción de una variedad de sujetos colectivos: campesinos, organizaciones de comuneros, sindicalizados, colonos, usuarios de servicios, vendedores ambulantes, invariablemente ligados a importantes núcleos políticos estudiantiles, entre universitarios y normalistas, dando lugar a cruc...

Turkish media has been showing illiberal symptoms of an increasingly competitive-authoritarian Turkish government intensified especially post-2016 failed coup attempt.1 As various scholars pointed out, media instrumentalization, erosion of news values and mediatization of politics created a journalistic vacuum. Turkey now has a new media system, one that is captured and with a restructured superstructure by the governing Justice and Development Party (A.K.P.).

United Nation Children's Fund, widely known as UNICEF, is an international organization under the United Nations. UNICEF has mandate in providing humanitarian aids and developments to children and mothers in developing countries. In 2006, UNICEF became partner with Football Club Barcelona. The partnership itself was meant to overcome HIV/AIDS in some African countries. The partnership is very unique, since FC Barcelona doesn't have the same expertise as UNICEF. This research is aiming to explain why the partnership happened, in spite of this different expertise. Thus, the approaches used in this research are the Public Private Partnership and Nonprofit Branding. The result is that this partnership is used as a tool for UNICEF's Branding, since it can help UNICEF to communicate its value to everyone world wide.

The purpose of this study is to examine young peoples' perception of their media criticial competence in relation to digital news. The study is based on quantitative research interviews with young people (15-17 years) and qualitative interviews with people in the same age group as well as teachers and international media professionals. This study's theoretical point of departure is McQuail´s observation that peoples' values and views to a great extent are influenced by the media. Another source of theoretical inspiration was Haberman's ideas about how a diversity of views and arguments increase the citizens' ability to reflect critically on social developments -maybe even more so than in societies with independent media and "neutral" news. The study shows that the young generation of web based news consumers assumes that it is very important to be an aware and critical consumer but also that they do not feel sufficiently equipped with the right tools required to understand the long-term impact and effect of the media reporting online. Young people basically seemed to acquire their knowledge about media by doing and learning on their own. Surprisingly, according to the young people that were interviewed for this project, the schools seemed to play a secondary role in the development of their media critical capacity. Family and friends also played a limited role in this context.

“To know is to compare,” declare Mora Matassi and Pablo J. Boczkowski in their recent book of the same title. But what is it precisely that we can know from comparisons? Three new and important books about journalism provide distinct answers to this question, and in so doing usefully broaden our understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of contemporary news media at a moment of crisis and potential renewal, simultaneously economic, technological, and civic. Matthew Powers and Sandra Vera-Zambrano, The Journalist’s Predicament: Difficult Choices in a Declining Profession (New York, Columbia University Press, 2023, 302 p.) Sylvain Parasie, Computing the News: Data Journalism and the Search for Objectivity (New York, Columbia University Press, 2022, 299 p.) Elena Raviola, Organizing Independence: Negotiations between Journalism and Management in News Organizations (Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar, 2022, 163 p.)

Humor is accepted one of the important aspects of social life. Because humor is nourished by social life in general. Humor magazines, as a medium by which humor can express itself, observe the society with their perspective, analyze the events, and caricature them. Social events and phenomena find themselves a place in these magazines in some way. In this regard, humor magazines are the mirrors where the social events reflect. It is an issue of concern what kind of results occur when just the magazines are monitored without observing the society. Rather than social agenda's reflection in humor magazines, results which can be deduced are worthwhile phenomena when humor magazines are accepted as the data. This research with the title Humor, Sociology and Social Agenda aims at determining the social agenda in magazines Penguen and Cafcaf between the years 2009-2011 by discussing their cover pages. First, sociological aspect of humor is discussed for this purpose. Institutional frame of the research is described by explaining on what grounds humor can be a subject for sociology whereas it seems like an individual act. Institutional frame of the research is established by agenda setting theory which is used in communication sciences. Data in this nonreactive designed research are acquired by systematic and descriptive analyze of the cover pages' contents of Penguen and Cafcaf magazines published between the years 2009-2011. Cover pages are classified by their subjects. As a result of the created themes how and on which topics the magazines attach importance is determined by applying frequency analysis. Hence, the topic similarities and differences of the magazines in their cover pages which are designed with respect to social events are put forward. With reference to the gathered data it is determined that both magazines reflect the ideologies of their writers/illustrators in general. It is understood that while these magazines points the problems related to social life and are strictly concerned with domestic politics on one hand, they do not cover enough the sociological and environmental problems on global scale in their cover page. It is gathered that these magazines are not uninterested with the social agenda and at the same time they create their own agenda. This situation shows that social agenda can be followed just by studying to the covers of magazines. In this regard it is monitored that humor magazines can give information about the social life, therefore, they can be used as data provider materials in an sociological research.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

En à peine quelques années, les réseaux sociaux ont conquis une place centrale au sein des différents usages de l'Internet. Le tournant est saisissant. En 2005, parmi les dix sites à plus forte audience, on comptait encore des services de ventes en ligne et de grands portails commerciaux comme eBay, Amazon, Microsoft ou AOL. Mais en 2008 ceux-ci ont disparu du classement des dix premiers sites, au profit de YouTube, Myspace, Facebook, Hi5, Wikipédia et Orkut 1 . Ce changement dans les pratiques d'Internet, souvent qualifié de tournant du « Web 2.0 », se caractérise par l'importance de la participation des utilisateurs à la production de contenus et par leur mise en relation. En la matière, les chiffres sont toujours sujets à caution et ne cessent d'évoluer, mais on peut estimer qu'en 2010 on dénombrait 500 millions d'utilisateurs actifs sur Facebook dans le monde, et 18 millions en France. On comptait 19 milliards de commentaires sur Skyblog et chaque mois sur Facebook étaient postés 2,5 milliards de nouvelles photos, dont 130 millions en France. Depuis 2009, si l'on décompose les heures qu'ils passent devant l'ordinateur, les internautes consacrent plus de temps aux réseaux sociaux qu'à leur messagerie électronique. Si de nombreux éléments peuvent expliquer cette soudaine réussite des réseaux sociaux de l'Internet, on voudrait insister sur la manière dont ils articulent et recomposent la sociabilité des individus en profitant de leurs nouvelles pratiques d'exposition de soi. Conversations en clair-obscur et réseaux relationnels. Nicole Ellison et danah boyd définissent les sites de réseaux sociaux comme « des services Web qui permettent aux individus de construire un profil public ou semi-public dans le cadre d'un système délimité, d'articuler une liste d'autres utilisateurs avec lesquels ils partagent des relations ainsi que de voir et de croiser leurs listes de relations et celles faites par d'autres à

Die Jugend der Gemeinde Mersch. Entwicklungen und Perspektiven. Ergebnisbericht der Jugendstudie im Rahmen des Jugendkommunalplanes für die Gemeinde Mersch -Mai 2012 -Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Zielsetzung und Konzeption der Studie II. Die Gemeinde als Lebensraum der Jugendlichen: Ergebnisse der Sozialraumanalyse 1. Vorgehensweise und Methoden

Wszechobecność ekranów sprawiła, że o współczesnej kulturze i formacji społecznej mówi się odpowiednio: kultura ekranów lub społeczeństwo ekranów i monitorów. Ekran stał się nową kategorią kulturową i doczekał swoistej typologii. 1 W Słowniku Wyrazów Obcych znaleźć można trzy sposoby opisywania tego pojęcia. Po pierwsze, ekran to płaszczyzna, na którą rzutuje się obrazy świetlne, np. filmy czy przeźrocza; po drugie, termin ten funkcjonuje na oznaczenie składowej telewizyjnego kineskopu, i wreszcie, jako przesłona zabezpieczająca, np. użytkownika komputera przed niekorzystnym promieniowaniem 2 lub na określenie współcześnie spotykanych -ekranów przy drogach i autostradach -chroniących mieszkańców przez hałasem. Ekran rozdziela dwa światy: realny i wirtualny, jest bramą do tego ostatniego, a także chroni użytkownika przed całkowitą immersją w alternatywną rzeczywistość. Przestrzeń egzystencji człowieka jest nasycona różnymi typami ekranów, co powoduje, iż niektórzy badacze widzą w nich nową kategorię kulturową, natomiast współczesną formację społeczną określają wręcz społeczeństwem ekranu. Pokolenie ponowoczesnych globalnych nastolatków to -z uwagi na ciągłe użytkowanie przez nich mediów audiowizualnych -"ekranolatki" (od angielskiego słowa screenagers) 4 ; natomiast relacje międzyludzkie to coraz częściej relacje między ekranami rozmaitych technologii komunikacyjnych, za którymi ukrywają się ludzie uwikłani w określone konteksty społeczne. Wystarczy wskazać na ekran bankomatu, telewizora, laptopa, ifona, czy nawet telefonu komórkowego. Każdy z nich zastępuje bezpośrednią rozmowę z pracownikiem różnych instytucji społecznych i z prywatnymi osobami, narzuca nową technologiczną przestrzeń i

The article analyzes the public discourse on social media regarding the only female candidate in the 2018 Russian presidential election. Ksenia Sobchak is a famous Russian public figure who started as a TV personality and subsequently changed her image to become a serious journalist and finally a politician. The figure of Sobchak is an interesting topic to study for a number of reasons. Firstly, the issue of women in politics is poorly studied in communication research due to their low representation in political sphere. Secondly, Sobchak undermines traditional views about women in society; that is why looking at Sobchak as a presidential candidate allows a researcher not only to consider this case study through the lens of Sobchak’s image as a politician but also to understand the public attitudes towards women with an active civic position in the Russian society. The paper examines the public discussion on social media related to the Sobchak campaign. The authors analyze the messa...

This study set out to analyze demographic characteristics of criminal suspects included in crime reporting published by the Champaign (Illinois) News-Gazette newspaper, and to compare the demographics of suspects in the news to the demographics of suspects arrested or jailed in Champaign County. To our knowledge, no such study has previously been performed for any news outlet in Champaign County. Examining newspaper coverage over a three-month period from June 1, 2015 to September 1, 2015, we found differences between the demographic characteristics of Champaign County crime suspects in the news and those of suspects in county arrest and jail booking records from the same time period. Black suspects were overrepresented in news coverage relative to arrest and jail booking records, while White suspects were underrepresented. Our analysis of suspect imagery in the news found that White suspects were underrepresented while Black suspects were overrepresented in news photographs of crime suspects, relative to their proportions in arrest and jail booking records. In addition, males were overrepresented as suspects in crime stories and females were underrepresented, relative to arrest and jail booking records.

This study examines the similarities between Arab and foreign scientific
discourses on artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism, particularly focusin
on key aspects (technical, professional, economic, and administrative) tha
impact journalistic work. It investigates the reasons for these similarities and their various contexts by addressing the following questions: Is the similarity due to a convergence in how both discourses understand AI? And does AI, as a technological factor, exert a uniform influence on journalism regardless of the media institution's nature and the historical, political and cultural context in which it developed? The study analyses a corpus of 20 foreign and 20 Arabic research papers published in scientific journals, covering the topic of AI in journalism from May 2016 to June 2024. This corpus is treated as a scientific discourse and is examined on three levels: text, context and purpose. The study finds that the foreign discourse is diverse, offering multiple and sometimes conflicting interpretations of AI due to its reliance on at least two definitions: the functional and performance-based definition, which evaluates AI based on experiences from various media institutions, and the problematic/intellectual definition, which questions its intelligence.
In contrast, the Arab discourse is more unified and consistent, relying on a
performance-based perspective and a belief in AI's potential, which has led
to satisfaction and an enhancement of its role in newsrooms. Moreover, the study illustrates how this discourse created its own context based on foreign journalistic experiences, diverging from the situation and specifics of Arab media institutions. It questions the impact of AI on the future of journalism: Will it introduce a new model similar to previous ones, or will it reshape existing models?
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Discourse, Collective Intelligence, Context,
Purposes, Machine Learning

Teknologi informasi menyediakan sarana publikasi yang efektif dan efisien karena perpindahan informasi dari satu titik dapat menyebar ke segala titik tanpa batas dalam waktu amat cepat. Informasi tersebut tidak hanya berupa bahasa tertulis, melainkan dapat berupa gambar dan suara sekaligus (audio-visual). Salah satunya adalah melalui akunjejaring sosial (web, blog, e-mail, friendster, facebook, twitter, instagram, path, WhatsApp, dan lain-lain). Produksi, distribusi, dan resepsi sastra populer melalui media sosial tidak mengubah esensi dan karakter, yang berubah adalah masyarakat pendukung yang ada di dalam dan di luar teks, yakni pengarang, penerbit, aspek sosial teks, media distribusi, dan khalayak pembaca. Perkembangan teknologi informasi memungkinkan perubahan segi-segisosiologis itu semakin cepat, baik dalam proses penciptaan, penyebaran, maupun penerimaannya. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian sastra populer harus dilakukan serba cepat agar tidak kehilangan momentum perubahan yang ter...

This study deals with how information technologies are used in tourist's online decision making process. The thesis focuses on a forgotten new tourist segment: Couch Surfers. By using semistructured interview and netnography to analyze websites' content, Couch Surfers' decision making process is studied. The main findings of the study are Couch Surfers rely heavily on information technologies especially internet to plan and make decision. Their concern about using travel agency is complex. Travel agency's information technology applications are ignored by Couch Surfers in short and casual trip and are more used in a long haul trips, less available information about places and good offer in price and combination. The study also proves that Couch Surfer is a new generation of new tourist who is more sophisticated and more demanding in using travel information technologies as well as in making decision.

数字时代的新闻用户以前所未有的强势姿态进入新闻产消流程，挑战着传统的受众观念。新闻人和新闻机构投入种种意在“驯服”受众的话语和社会实践，试图将其纳入新闻业的整体想象和运作。本文聚焦当代中国新闻业的受众建构，勾勒其间浮现的算法公众想象，借此理解数字转型中的新闻业如何
通过想象受众来重塑自身。通过对不同主体在机构/行业转型和算法批判等场景下生产的受众话语的分析发现，主流媒体借助算法公众来标举其转型成就和意识形态的主导地位，而资讯门户和聚合平台则通过想象算法公众来把握技术革新和新闻传统之间的平衡。

British scholar Stuart Hall is the father of contemporary cultural studies, as well as one of the media and cultural theorists and critics. His famous theory of “encoding and decoding” (1973) plays a significant role in film and television studies. This research reviewed related literature about this theory and combined it into the study of film communication to analyze. According to the summary, this research found that Hall’s “encoding and decoding” theory can be utilized in the studies of film communication, including the studies of the type of adapted films. It helps to comprehend that film as a sort of meaningful discourse, its richness became one of the reasons that form the complexity of both the communication process and audience reception. Importantly, in terms of such application, the theory can help to understand the specific dissemination process and various interpretations of different audiences’ decoding positions in this process. The purpose of this research is to make people better comprehend the film communication process that involves related objects, offering an angle for scholars and practitioners to explore the reception of film audiences based on Hall’s theory.

a version britannique de Big Brother s'est avérée être un phénomène télévisuel durable et couronné de succès. La première série fut diffusée sur Channel Four de juillet à septembre 2000. L'émission était financée par Southern Comfort, société de boissons alcoolisées. Une version de l'émission intitulée Celebrity Big Brother passa sur la même chaîne en mars 2001 tous les soirs pendant une semaine. Ce programme était cette fois-ci financé par Dubble, un confiseur qui reverse un pourcentage de ses profits aux oeuvres de charité. Une deuxième tranche de Celebrity Big Brother fut diffusée pendant une semaine en décembre 2002. La diffusion de Big Brother 2 eut lieu de mai à septembre 2001, toujours sur Channel Four et financée par la société de télécommunications BT Cellnet ; celle de Big Brother 3 débuta quant à elle le 29 mai 2002 pour s'ache- ver en juillet de la même année. Cette dernière émission était financée par O2, une autre société de télécommunications. Tous ces programmes étaient produits par Endemol (producteur de la toute première version hollandaise de Big Brother) et Bazalgette, une société de production britan- nique forte d'une grande expérience en matière de « télé réalité ». Chaque programme suivait un format plus ou moins identique que je décrirai plus en détail ci-après, à la seule exception de Celebrity Big Brother où participaient un certain nombre de vedettes de la télévision -pour la plupart, il faut l'avouer, dans le besoin urgent de relancer une carrière en perte de vitesse -venues partager la maison de Big Brother pendant une semaine. Les recettes provenant de la première tranche de cette émission furent reversées à des oeuvres de bienfaisance par l'intermédiaire de « Comic Relief », une organisation caritative dont l'action principale consiste à organiser deux fois par an une nuit de l'humour à la télévision. Celles de la seconde tranche furent directement ver-sées à plusieurs oeuvres caritatives. Big Brother 1, 2 et 3 étaient diffusées six ou sept soirs par semaine en deuxième partie de soirée, en général vers 22h00. L'émission du vendredi soir consistait en une spéciale « exclusion » : au moment où un occupant de la maison de Big Brother était contraint de partir, la foule s'assemblait devant le bâtiment et la présentatrice de l'émission, Davina McCall, accueillait le participant malchanceux avant de l'entraîner dans un studio de télévision pour l'interviewer en compagnie de sa famille et de ses amis. Des écrans géants montraient les pitreries qui se poursuivaient dans la maison tandis que l'exclu racontait son expérience, ce qui établissait un lien ininterrompu entre lui (ou elle) et les « pensionnaires », entre la maison et l'espace télévisuel plus traditionnel du plateau. Au cours de chaque série d'émissions, une soirée (ou une partie de soirée) fut dédiée aux réactions de psychologues : dans le cas de Big Brother 3, il s'agissait d'un dimanche soir, autrement dit immédiatement après l'éviction du vendredi soir et la tâche imposée du samedi. Un site Web fut également consacré à chaque émission, fournissant grâce à une caméra Web un accès continu à la vie de la maison. Depuis 2001, une couverture télévisée continue et en direct ainsi que plusieurs émissions dérivées (notamment Big Brother's Little Brother, forum télévisé consacré à l'émission) sont diffusées sur E4, la chaîne de divertissement de Channel Four lancée la même année et disponible via le réseau hertzien, le satellite et le câble. Il est peut-être utile de dire ici quelques mots du diffuseur principal, Channel Four. Cette chaîne est née du concept de l'» Open Broadcast Authority « préconisé par la Commission Annan, réunie en 1974 et dont les rapports furent publiés en 1977. Cette commission a mis en évidence la nécessité de s'éloigner de l'idée d'un consensus socio-politique pour

In this work, using Mocombe’s structurationist theory of phenomenological tructuralism, I argue that the supporters of Donald Trump (the clowns of I am with him) and those of Kamala Harris (the clowns of I am with her) are representatives of a uniparty in American politics created by their relations to two distinct modes of capitalist production (industrial and postindustrial production) and the rentier oligarchical class in control of the
political economy of the American nation-state. Be that as it may, the differences of the supporters are ideologies associated with the differentiating modes of production and their ideological apparatuses, which will ultimately undergo superstructural changes to support the postindustrial mode of production, as opposed to any substantive differences, which warrants two distinct political parties representing a left and right politics on the political spectrum.

This study examines one aspect of the television medium--television news and its encoding practices--that was expected to be affected by changes instituted when socialists took office in France in 1981. It is noted that this government's legal reform advocated a more decentralized system of governance and a liberalization of the state monopoly on television broadcasting. A comparison is made of the respective encoding practices of two French television channels, and the issue of trivialization is addressed as a more complex affair that mere packaging and presentation, i.e., one that assists in the passing of a fairly constant institutional message. The research methodology involved recording and analyzing a week of simultaneous materials offered by the two channels on their 8 pm news programs. The results of the analyses showed that: (1) the dominant ideology is present in and represented by both channels; (2) often identical myths are erected; (3) where initially there appears to be a choice in terms of message, ultimately there is not; and (4) the absence of investigative journalism means inevitably that there is only a series of reflections that are institutionally bound. It is concluded that news information remains, as before 1981, the prerogative of the state, and that there is little reason to expect this sovereignty to be relinquished. (3 end notes) (CGD)

Media ownership refers to the legal and economic control of media organizations. Ownership of news media organizations is particularly important, given its potential effects on journalism and thus the quality of public affairs information provided to citizens. While early research focused on concentration of ownership and the influence of media moguls, there has been a recent rise in scholarship focused on showing how distinct ownership forms – market, private, civil society, and public – are linked to civically consequential outcomes or modes of power: public service orientation, political instrumentalism, and economic instrumentalism. Analyzed in conjunction with funding and audience targeting, as well as national and local contexts, this new approach clarifies how ownership concretely shapes the production of news. Case studies expand the global imaginary of the broad range of possible ownership models.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the COVID-19-related posts on the official Facebook page of the World Health Organization (WHO). Specifically, we aim to evaluate the engagement metrics such as views, comments, shares, and reactions received by categorized posts. Additionally, we seek to identify the topics that generate the highest levels of engagement in terms of comments and sharing reactions. Material and Methods: This retrospective observational research project was designed to evaluate COVID-19-related posts on the official WHO Facebook Page between March 15, 2020, and March 15 2021. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Result: 2021 COVID-19-related posts on the Official Facebook Page of the WHO (n=877) were examined. 23.7% of the shares were about protective equipment, 22.2% were about the pandemic, 12.6% were about personal protective equipment, 11.5% were about social distancing, and 10.3% were media briefings. It was observed that they were about COVID-19??, 9.9% were about syndemic, 6.5% were about vaccine, 1.9% were about medicine, 0.9% were about mutation. An examination of posts related to drugs, vaccines, and media briefings revealed that the most prevalent response was 'like'. Statistical analysis indicated that the number of 'like' reactions was significantly higher for vaccine-related posts compared to non-vaccine related posts. Conversely, the number of angry reactions was lower for vaccine-related posts than for non-vaccine related posts. This study provides valuable insights into the engagement patterns of COVID-19-related posts on the official Facebook page of the World Health Organization (WHO). Our analysis highlights the prevalence of topics such as protective equipment, the pandemic, personal protective equipment, social distancing, and media briefings among the examined posts. Notably, vaccine-related posts garnered a significantly higher number of 'like' reactions compared to non-vaccine related posts, underscoring the importance of vaccine-related communication efforts. These findings emphasize the significance of accurate and informative content dissemination by authoritative institutions like the WHO during global health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

While it was the phenomenal commercial success of the girl band, the Spice Girls, in the mid-1990s that legitimized the tween girl as a viable and lucrative market segment; it was really during the 1980s -precisely the moment she should have been ignored -that the tween persona crystallized as a specific, segmented marketing niche carved out of the transitory and transformational spaces between childhood and adolescence. She is an image of a transitional girlhood that is sold to both the mediated marketplace and to girls themselves. The tween as a category represents the targeting of a new consumer subjectivity, particularly the upaging of the child, the downaging of the teen, but also the reclamation of girlhood as a site of consumer autonomy and power. The tween girl I argue is a commercial persona which exists in the marketplace as an historical site of identity work. She is the personification of a market segment that crystallizes as the segment is defined, honed and traded within the dynamic interchanges of the mediated marketplace (advertising, marketing, merchandising, retail and the media). The tween is also a key cultural resource through which girls reaching their maturity come to negotiate their lives as transitional consumers. This thesis is a historical case study of the crystallization of the tween persona in the synergistic circuitries of the mediated marketplace that uses a historical discourse analysis of industry trade publications and retrospective interviews with suburban tweens as the primary modes of analysis. While most works on the tween focus on the 1990s, this thesis uncovers how the crystallization of the tween is firmly rooted in the context of the twentieth century as the marketplace solidified the child and the teen consumers, and the 1980s which were a period of dramatic changes in the landscape of media culture and social upheaval for the middle class as more mothers joined the workforce, dramatically shifting girls' roles in their families and their access to family resources. Meanwhile, challenged by the presence of girls in the marketplace, feminism was forced to recalibrate its relationship to both the girl and consumer culture, opening new opportunities for plurality. In unravelling the historical discourses about the tween and its links to feminism, this thesis adds to the field of Girls' Studies by addressing how a iv category of girlhood was organized and produced by the mediated marketplace and how girls engaged with this persona in the context of 1980's suburbia.

This research is related to the importance of newsrooms 2.0, which function as generators, mediators and recipients of information within the journalistic culture of a country. It is, therefore, essential to inquire about the internal coherence of the journalistic activity and its interaction with the environment. For the analysis, the theories of Newsmaking and Gatekeeping were taken into account, since both refer to the concept of journalistic routines that are part of the organizational structure of the media. This research is an empirical study that analyzes the perception of the journalistic culture and the factors of influence by the journalists of two pioneer newsrooms 2.0 in our country: Clarin and La Nacion. Newsrooms 2.0 produce digital content for the web. In the case of the selected two, they are part of the traditional newsrooms. To this end, non-participating observations were carried out in the two editorial offices –in-depth interviews and surveys with journalists an...

There is an ever stronger interconnection between various forms of social anxieties, be they religious, political, national or even environmental and online forms of expression. People's fears and resentments (along with hope) precipitate in mythical narratives structured on the ancient oppositions of Good and Evil. Apocalyptic rhetoric represents the most crystallized form of verbal warfare against the evil forces (mundane or supernatural). In the processes of secularization and globalization these narratives have somewhat lost their religious character, but at the same time penetrated new reaches of the Irrational, and impregnated many beliefs and ideologies, from academic and philosophic heights down to popular mythology and urban legends. The easiest way for ancient sacral stories of antagonisms to get into the modern narratives was through symbols, mainly purported by visual signs. Although anxieties have always been present, showing certain patterns of rise and decrease, the electronic media of the past century have definitely contributed both to the perpetuation of a higher tension and to the wide spreading of such story-bearing visual symbols. Today, the Internet offers an excellent hotbed for both processes mentioned above: not only through unidirectional web pages but also, or even better, through the self-organizing virtual net-communities. There are countless such groups, religious or ethno-political, each with its own symbolic iconography, but most of these signs are quasi universal, same as the stories they bear. I have chosen some Hungarian websites through which I wish to present these symbols and narratives at work, with a hint to their universal character.

Film semi sub Indo merupakan salah satu genre film yang menyajikan konten dewasa dengan penekanan pada cerita yang lebih mendalam daripada sekadar eksploitasi seksual. Di tengah perkembangan teknologi dan aksesibilitas media, film semi sub Indo telah menjadi salah satu bentuk hiburan yang banyak dicari oleh penonton di Indonesia. Paper ini akan membahas pengertian film semi, karakteristiknya, dampak sosialnya, serta tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi oleh industri film semi sub Indo.

Even though the production of fanzines precedes the emergence of punk, the truth is that it was with punk that the fanzines become relevant as a space for freedom of thought and creation, as well as an alternative to the conventional media. Since the 1970s, the fanzines' universe has expanded thematically and stylistically, and also in its territorial coverage and in the communicational supports used. In this article we adopt an approach that goes beyond the Anglo-Saxon reality and intend to look at fanzines as 'communities' founded around a cultural object, which have produced texts, photos and other materials regarding the Portuguese punk scene from the late 1970s until now. From a large set of fanzines we will analyse the ways of production, design and typography, the main themes, distribution channels, bands, the scenes and lifestyles covered in them. In this study, we consider fanzines to be an alternative media that, from late modernity, is able to reveal the punk movement and the DIY ethos associated with it. We seek to understand fanzines' relevance to the Portuguese punk scene context, both past and present, and we also identify some patterns of evolution and change.

Der Sammelband untersucht das Verhältnis von Klasse – einer nicht nur ökonomischen, sondern auch kulturellen und politischen Kategorie – und dem Fernsehen in seinen gegenwärtigen hybriden Formen vor allem aus vier Perspektiven: Erstens geht es um Klassenfragen im Fernsehen, auf der Ebene der Repräsentation, zweitens um Klassenfragen des Fernsehens auf der Seite der Produktion. Hier ist zum Beispiel zu analysieren, welche Klassen welches Fernsehen (für welche Klassen) entwickelt und herstellt. Unter drittens Klassenfragen beim Fernsehen fallen Beiträge, die sich auf die Seite der Rezeption fokussieren und zum Beispiel die Lesarten zu spezifischen Klassendarstellungen beleuchten. Viertens nimmt der Band Klassenfragen der Fernsehwissenschaft in den Blick und reflektiert in diesem Zusammenhang ihre Lücken und ihre Prägung durch Klassenzugehörigkeit.

School of Communications, BYU Master of Arts Product placement has been intensely studied in almost every mass communications medium. One notable exception is in children's picture books where scholarship on the placement of products and brands has been severely underserved despite a steady presence in a medium integral to socialization and society. The present study recognizes the unique characteristics of the shared reading that takes place in this medium and explores its effects on memory for and attitudes toward product placements within children's picture books. Using a laboratory experiment, quantitative statistical analysis of resulting data, and qualitative exploration of themes resulting from subjects' responses, the present study demonstrates that the practice of shared reading positively affects both recollection and attitudes toward product placement in children's picture books. It also discusses the results in the context of their ethical and practical applications and implications.

A magánegészségügy egyre fontosabb szerepet tölt be az emberek életében és az egészségügyi ellátásban Magyarországon az utóbbi években. Mindez kihatással van a köz- és magánegészségügyi piac helyzetére, melynek következtében jelentős változás figyelhető meg a szektoron belül. Jelen kutatás célja egy piaci körkép ismertetése a hazai magánegészségügyi szektor legfőbb szereplőinek fejlődési útjáról, fejlődési szakaszokról, a piaci változások körüli nehézségekről és arról, hogy jelenleg milyen stratégiát és üzleti modellt alkalmaznak az egyes piaci szereplők. A kutatás kvalitatív módszerre épül, három meghatározó piaci szereplő négy vezetőjével és egy független orvosfoglalási rendszer vezetőjével készült szakértői mélyinterjúk alapján ismerteti és elemzi, hogy milyen mértékben tekinthető a budapesti magánegészségügyi piac telítettnek, és ez alapján milyen lehetséges fejlesztési irányok és stratégiai lehetőségek mutatkoznak a szektorban. Az elemzés alapján a piac kettős viszonyt mutat: míg a szolgáltatások árai emelkednek, addig a hosszú várólisták a pácienseket a privát szektor felé terelik. A magyar magánegészségügyi szolgáltatási piac jelenleg szétaprózott, több ezer kisebb-nagyobb szereplő osztozik a teljes árbevételen. A piac továbbra is növekszik a közegészségügyből a magánegészségügybe történő átáramlás miatt, melyet a hosszú várólisták, a páciensközpontú gyógyítás és az átlátható finanszírozás eredményez. A vizsgált vállalkozások alapján a növekedési stratégia jellemzi a piacot, melynek keretében szolgáltatás- és/vagy lokációbővítés a cél. A kutatás eredményeként megfigyelhető, hogy kezd a középpontba kerülni a vidéki terjeszkedés és ez megjelenik a hosszabb távú stratégiai célokban is, emellett a szolgáltatásbővítésre is nagy hangsúlyt helyeznek a szereplők. A kutatás eredményei a hazai szakirodalmi hozzájáruláson túl gyakorlati hasznossággal is párosulnak a várható jövőbeli piaci helyzet alakulásának feltárásához, melyhez iránymutató következtetések is bemutatásra kerülnek.

UID/CCI/04667/2016De acordo com o investigadora do ICNOVA, “Culturas do Eu pretende ser um espaço de análise de práticas culturais e dos seus dispositivos. Práticas culturais que tenham por finalidade a construção do lugar de sujeito e do lugar de onde esse sujeito se assume enquanto tal. Falar de sujeito é, desde logo, nomear uma instância discursiva, aquele de quem se fala. Mas, focalizada na 1a pessoa, ela torna-se a instância a partir da qual se fala. Daí que o sujeito enquanto eu deva ser perspectivado nas diferentes formações discursivas nas quais se inscreve. A questão da subjectividade aqui colocada não visa justificar a existência de um sujeito pleno, um sujeito da vontade mas, antes, entender o quanto de aleatoriedade e de contingência perpassa no/pelo sujeito ao longo da sua existência.publishersversionpublishe

Noam Chomsky-"10 strategie di manipolazione" da parte dei media Il famoso critico e linguista del MIT Noam Chomsky, una delle voci classiche del dissenso intellettuale dell'ultimo decennio, ha compilato un elenco delle dieci strategie più comuni ed efficaci a cui ricorrono i poteri forti "nascosti" per stabilire una manipolazione della popolazione attraverso i media.

تناقش الدراسة مبدأي الحياد والمصداقية كأحد ركائز العمل الإعلامي واخلاقياته، والتي ترتبط بالذكاء الاصطناعي كتكنولوجيا تستخدم في العمل الإعلامي، وهذا من خلال توضيح إمكانية توفره على الحياد، وكيف يمكن ان يكون ذو مصداقية، خاصة وان له فوائد جمة تخص عملية التحرير، التوزيع والتسويق، دراسات الجمهور وغيره.
فالإعلام في علاقته بالذكاء الاصطناعي يجب ان لا ينغمس في جاذبية التقنيات والتطبيقات وحسب، بل عليه ان يكون حذرا في استخدامه هذا، فهو ليس حرا ومطالب بأن يتقيد بالمعايير الأخلاقية للمهنة وبالتالي فأخلقة الذكاء الاصطناعي أمر ضروري وحتمي.
وفي هذا الاطار توصلت الدراسة الى ان التحيز في الذكاء الاصطناعي في علاقته بالإعلام يرتبط بتحيز البيانات الناجمة عن ذاتية أصحابها، وتبرز من خلال الكلمات، الجمل والصور وغيرها، اذ يعدو عملية تلقائية لتحيز نظام data، كما انه ناتج عن تفضيلات المحتوى الإعلامي المتعلق بخوارزميات التوصية بمحتويات محددة للجمهور.اما المصداقية فقد ظهرت المعلومات الزائفة من خلال ما يعرف بالتزييف العميق الذي يرتبط بالصور وفيديوهات المحاكاة، كما تظهر من خلال نقص البيانات التي تغذي البرمجيات او عدم دقتها، وهذا كله يستدعي صرامة اكثر من الصحفيين في مراجعة المحتوى المنتج تكنولوجيا، والتأكد من احترامه لقواعد المهنة الصحفية ومعاييرها.